634 



PHILADELPHIA. 



use of the department during that year was 

 $536,400. The city is supplied with water 

 from the Schuylkill and Delaware Rivers, 

 chiefly from the former. There are seven 

 works the Fairmount, on the Schuylkill, at 

 the lower extremity of the park, the Schuyl- 

 kill, the Spring Garden, the Delaware, the 

 Belmont, the Roxhorough, and the Frankford. 

 These works in 1874 pumped 14,533,425,097 

 gallons, an average of 42,111,730 gallons per 

 day. At the close of that year there were 628 

 miles 4,507 feet of pipe, 5,119 fire-plugs, and 

 68 public drinking-fountains, of which 61 were 

 erected by the Fountain Society, and 7 by the 

 Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 

 The water department is in charge of a chief- 

 engineer. Gas-works were first constructed 

 on a general scale in 1835 ; they were princi- 

 pally conducted by the authorities of the ori- 

 ginal city, and were very successful. In 1855 

 and 1858 the works owned by the municipali- 

 ties were consolidated with those of the city 

 proper, and in 1859 the works of two compa- 

 nies, previously independent, were purchased, 

 bringing the whole service under the control 

 of the city as its property. Great care was 

 taken in the original establishment of the city 

 gas-works to secure the best improvements then 

 effected in the manufacture of coal-gas in Eu- 

 ropean cities, and they have from the outset 

 furnished gas cheaper than in any other Ameri- 

 can city. Philadelphia has numerous markets, 

 some of which are of large size and superior 

 character. The city owns some of them, but 

 most have been built by incorporated com- 

 panies. 



The benevolent institutions of Philadelphia 

 are numerous. The Pennsylvania Hospital, 

 founded in 1752, has spacious buildings occu- 



Eying the square bounded by Eighth, Ninth, 

 pruce, and Pine Streets. It is supported al- 

 most entirely by voluntary contributions, and 

 since its origin has expended more than $1,200,- 

 000 in the support of the sick and injured. A 

 separate insane department (Pennsylvania Hos- 

 pital for the Insane) was established in 1841 ; 

 it has fine buildings and grounds in West Phila- 

 delphia. The Friends' Asylum for the Insane 

 at Frankford, opened in 1817, has large and 

 beautiful grounds and accommodations for about 

 one hundred patients, who are chiefly supported 

 by their own means, but in some cases receive 

 assistance from the funds of the asylum. There 

 are more than forty hospitals, dispensaries, and 

 lying-in asylums, among which may be men- 

 tioned the Hospital of the University of Penn- 

 sylvania and the Philadelphia and Presbyterian 

 Hospitals, in West Philadelphia; the Wills 

 Ophthalmic Hospital, in Race Street, opposite 

 Logan Square; the Children's Hospital, in 

 Twenty-second Street, near Locust ; the Ger- 

 man Hospital, in Corinthian Avenue, on the 

 corner of Girard Avenue ; the Jewish Hospital, 

 in West Philadelphia ; the Charity Hospital of 

 Philadelphia, in Hamilton Street ; the Episco- 

 pal Hospital, in Front and Huntingdon Streets; 



St. Joseph's (Roman Catholic) Hospital, in Gi- 

 rard Avenue, near Sixteenth Street ; the Homoe- 

 opathic Hospital, connected with the Hahne- 

 mann Medical College ; the Woman's Hospital, 

 connected with the Woman's Medical College ; 

 the Philadelphia Dispensary, in South Fifth 

 Street; the Southern Dispensary, in Bain- 

 bridge Street; the Northern Dispensary, in 

 Fairmount Avenue ; and the Preston Retreat 

 (lying-in charity), in Hamilton and Twentieth 

 Streets. The Blockley Almshouse is in West 

 Philadelphia, near the university. The build- 

 ings, four in number, are each 500 feet long, 

 and inclose a square. A well-cultivated park 

 of 130 acres surrounds them. This institution 

 embraces a department for the poor, a hospi- 

 tal, an insane asylum, and a children's asylum. 

 The average number of inmates is more than 

 3,500, of whom about 1,000 are insane. It is 

 supported by the city at an annual expense of 

 more than $300,000. The Pennsylvania Insti- 

 tution for the Deaf and Dumb, in Broad and 

 Pine Streets, was opened in 1820. There are 

 a few paying pupils, and some are supported 

 by the States of Delaware and New Jersey ; 

 but the greater number are maintained at the 

 expense of Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania 

 Institution for the Instruction of the Blind is 

 similarly supported; it was founded in 1833, 

 and is at the corner of Twentieth and Race 

 Streets. The United States Naval Asylum, 

 built in 1832, is on Gray's Ferry road below 

 South Street. The main building has a marble 

 front 380 feet long, 150 feet deep, and three 

 stories high, approached by a flight of marble 

 steps. The grounds are large and finely orna- 

 mented. About 130 superannuated sailors are 

 maintained here. In the rear of the asylum 

 is a large hospital for the care of sick and 

 wounded sailors. 



Among other benevolent institutions and 

 associations, besides numerous lodges of Free- 

 masons, Odd -Fellows, and similar societies, 

 may be mentioned the Presbyterian Home 

 for Women, in Fifty-eighth Street and Green- 

 way Avenue; the Educational Home for Boys, 

 jn Greenway Avenue near Forty-ninth Street ; 

 St. John's Male Orphan Asylum, in West- 

 minster Avenue near Forty - ninth Street ; 

 the Industrial Home for Blind Women, in 

 Thirty-ninth and Locust Streets ; the Franklin 

 Reformatory Home for Inebriates, in Locust 

 Street ; the Magdalen Society, in Twenty-first 

 Street near Race ; St. Joseph's Female Orphan 

 Asylum, in Spruce Street ; the Penn Widows' 

 Asylum, in Belgrade Street near Otis ; the * 

 Colored Orphans' Shelter, in West Philadel- 

 phia ; the Home for Aged and Infirm Colored 

 Persons, in Belmont and Girard Avenues ; and 

 the House of the Good Shepherd (for the ref- 

 ormation of unfortunate females), in Twenty- 

 second Street near Walnut. The Eastern Peni- 

 tentiary, a State institution, completed in 1829, 

 embraces an entire square, fronting on Fair- 

 mount Avenue between Twenty-second and 

 Twenty-third Streets. It is the only prison in 



