PORTUGAL. 



639 



died April 28, 1875. He was educated pri- 

 vately at Putney, and called to the bar in 1839. 

 He practised in the courts held in the Oxford 

 circuit, and in 1856 was appointed a sergeant- 

 at-law with patent of precedence. He was 

 some time Recorder of Hereford, and in Oc- 

 tober, 1860, was elected by the Liberals to 

 represent Reading in the British House of 

 Commons. Sir Gillery Pigott continued in 

 Parliament until October, 1863, when he 

 was promoted to a judgeship in the Court of 

 Exchequer, and received the honor of knight- 

 hood. 



PORTUGAL, a kingdom in Southwestern 

 Europe. King, Louis I., born October 31, 1838 ; 

 succeeded his brother, King Pedro V., Novem- 

 ber 11, 1861 ; married October 6, 1862, to Pia, 

 youngest daughter of King Victor Emmanuel 

 of Italy. Issue of the union are two sons : 

 Carlos, born September 28, 1863, and Alfonso, 

 born July 31, 1865. 



The area and population, according to the 

 latest dates, are as follows : 



The area of the Portuguese possessions* in 

 Asia and Africa is estimated at 740,365 square 

 miles, and the population at 3,258,140. 



The rival claims of Portugal and Great Brit- 

 ain to the territories of Tembe and Maputo, 

 and Inyack and Elephantine Islands, situated 

 in the bay of Delagoa or Lourenzo Marques, in 

 Eastern Africa, which the two powers had 

 agreed, on September 15, 1872, to refer to the 

 arbitration of the President of the French Re- 

 public, was decided on July 24, 1875, in favor 

 of Portugal. 



The public debt of Portugal dates from the 

 year 1796, when the first loan of 4,000,000 

 milreis was raised. In 1835 it amounted to 

 55,000,000 milreis ; in 1874, to 348,495,725. 



The following were the gross sums of the 

 budget estimates for the financial year 1876 

 (value expressed in contos and milreis : 1 conto 

 = 1,000 milreis ; 1 milreis = $1.08 ; 5,652 : 260 

 means 5,652 contos and 260 milreis) : 



REVENUE. 



1. Directtaxes $5,645,220 



2. Eegister 2,598,200 



3. Indirect taxes 11,831,330 



4. National domain 2,633,966 



5. Interest on bonds in public exchequer 443,716 



$23,152,432 



* For detailed account of the area and population of each 

 colony, see ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1874. 



EXPENDITURE. 



1 . Interest on home and foreign debt $10,570,441 



2. Ministry of Finance 8,453,412 



3. " of Foreign Affairs 252.230 



4. " of the Interior 1,932,209 



5. " of Worship and Justice 522,456 



6. " of War 8,424,909 



7. " of the Navy and Colonies 1,224,000 



8. of Public Works 1,823,757 



Total, ordinary $22,703,415 



Total, extraordinary (chiefly construction of 

 roads) 1,435,880 



$24,139,295 



The budget of the colonies for the year 1875 

 -'76 was as follows: 



The trade of Portugal in 1872 was as follows 

 (value expressed in francs) : 



The chief articles of import and export were : 



The movement of shipping in 1872 was : 



