RAMBERG, ARTHUR YON. 



RAUSCHER, JOSEPH O. VON. 673 



upon it, and they issued new stock without 

 equivalent, and gradually advanced rates until 

 eight or ten per cent, was paid annually on the 

 whole mass of obligations so created. In the 

 New York Central & Hudson River, these 

 dividends in 1885 would amount to $118,000,- 

 000. 



A memorial from Western grain-producers, 

 presented by H. N. T. Lewis, declared the 

 principal hardships which the producers suffer, 

 as follows : 



The extortionate freight charges of railroad and 

 transportation companies between the grain-grow- 

 ing countries of the West and the seaboard ; a gross 

 disregard of their liabilities as common carriers ; the 

 effect of watered stocks and inflated construction ac- 

 counts on the cost of transportation ; exorbitant 

 intermediate and terminal charges ; inadequate rail- 

 way and transfer facilities ; insufficient safeguards 

 against financial panics ; the absence of facilities for 

 selling and delivering gaain in transit ; the failure 

 of railroad and transportation companies to issue 

 shipping- bills and bills of lading that shall be ade- 

 quate security to the shipper or the bank advancing 

 thereon ; the constant and wide range in fluctuation 

 of freight-rates between the West and the seaboard ; 

 the necessity of a uniform system of inspecting and 

 grading grain ; the unjust discrimination in freight-' 

 rates made at various points of shipment. The rem- 

 edy for all these evils was expressed in one word 

 combination. The initial steps had already been 

 taken. 



The result of the convention was the ap- 

 pointment of a committee of seven to present 

 their resolutions to Congress, and the recom- 

 mendation to Congress of the appointment of 

 a committee of both Houses to consider the 

 creation of a Department of Commerce. The 

 following provisions were recommended for 

 enactment by the various Legislatures : 

 r 1. A law providing a board of railway commis- 

 I sioners, with power to prescribe a uniform system 

 / of keeping railroad accounts, and with powers simi- 

 lar to those possessed by the Kailroad Commission- 

 ers of Massachusetts. 



2. A law to prevent stock inflation, similar to that 

 in Massachusetts. 



V 3. A law prohibiting officers or directors of rail- 

 ways from either directly or indirectly owning any 

 non-cooperative fast-freight line, car company, or 

 bridge company, or from being interested in any 

 manner in the furnishing of supplies to any company 

 with which they may have official connection. 



4. A law prohibiting railway companies from ac- 

 quiring or holding more real estate than is necessary 

 for the operation of their lines, and prohibiting rail- 

 way companies from engaging in mining or any 

 business other than transportation. 



5. A law providing that all common carriers shall 

 / receipt for quantity, and deliver the same at destina- 

 I tion. 



6. A law making it a penal offense for any public 

 official to accept or use the free pass of any railway 

 company, and prohibiting railways from granting 

 such passes to any but regular employes of such 

 railways. 



7. A law prohibiting representatives of the people, 

 who belong to the legal profession, from being re- 

 tained on either side, in cases where the public in- 

 terest is involved. 



RAMBERG, ARTHUR, Freiherr VON, a Ger- 

 man artist, born in Vienna September 4, 1809; 

 died February 6, 1875. He studied in Vienna 

 and went to Munich in 1850. Among his best 

 VOL. xr. 43 A 



paintings are "The Bouquet" (1856), "The 

 Walk with the Tutor " (1857), and "After the 

 Masquerade " (1858). In 1860 he was appointed 

 professor of the Art School in Weimar, where he 

 executed one of his finest paintings, represent- 

 ing the court of Frederick II. of Hohenstaufen 

 at Palermo. Together with Pecht he published 

 a series of illustrations to the works of Schiller 

 and Goethe, known as " The Schiller and Goethe 

 Galleries," which are considered thefinest works 

 of this kind produced in modern times. In 

 1865 he returned to Munich as professor at the 

 Academy of Arts, which position he retained 

 up to his death. 



RANDOLPH, Colonel THOMAS JEFFERSON, 

 grandson of Thomas Jefferson; died October 

 7, 1875, near Charlottesville, Va. He was the 

 son of Governor Thomas Randolph, and Mar- 

 tha, daughter of Thomas Jefferson, and was 

 born September 11, 1792. His boyhood and 

 youth were spent at Monticello, the home of 

 his grandfather, who superintended his educa- 

 tion, and regarded him with the greatest affec- 

 tion. He married a daughter of Governor 

 Nichols, by whom he had several children. In 

 1829 he published in four volumes the "Life 

 and Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson." 

 He was a member of the Virginia House of 

 Delegates at intervals between 1832 and 1838, 

 and distinguished himself by a speech favor- 

 ing the abolition of slavery. In 1851 he was 

 a member of the Constitutional Convention, 

 and was once afterward in the Legislature. 

 His last appearance in public was at the Na- 

 tional Democratic Convention at Baltimore in 

 1872, when he was made temporary chairman. 

 He was for many years rector of the universi- 

 ty, and was always an ardent friend of that 

 institution. 



RAUSCHER, JOSEPH OTHMAR, Ritter VON, 

 Cardinal and Prince-archbishop of Vienna, 

 born October 6, 1797; died November 24, 1874. 

 He first studied law and then turned his atten- 

 tion to theology. He was for a time Professor 

 of Canon Law and Church History in Salzburg, 

 was appointed director of the Oriental Academy 

 in Vienna in 1832, and was tutor of Francis 

 Joseph, of the late Emperor Maximilian of 

 Mexico, and of Archduke Charles Louis. In 

 1849 he was appointed Prince-bishop of Sec- 

 kau, in 1853 Prince- archbishop of Vieniaa, and 

 in 1855 cardinal. During the early part of 

 the reign of the present emperor he exercised 

 a considerable influence on state affairs, and 

 concluded the Concordat in 1855 with the Holy 

 See. At the (Ecumenical Council he was one 

 of the most prominent and active among the 

 German prelates in opposing the proclamation 

 of the doctrine of infallibility, but declared his 

 submission after the doctrine had been pro- 

 claimed. He was looked up to and revered 

 by his colleagues, and was in every respect at 

 the head of the church in Austria. He wrote 

 a church history of the . first three centuries 

 (2 vols., 1829), and " Observationes quaE>dam 

 de infallibilitatis ecclesiee subjecto" (18-70).. 



