SPAIN. 



707 



vember the same year. It gives South Caro- 

 lina an aggregate population of 925,145, the 

 two races included; and sets the number of 

 their respective voters at 74.199 for the whites, 

 and 110,744 for the negroes ; the colored voters 

 exceeding the white by more than 36,000. 



Compared with the United States census of 

 1870, which gives South Carolina a total popu- 

 lation, white and black, of 705,606, the State 

 census of 1875 makes her people increase in 

 five years at the rate of above 30 per centum. 

 During the ten years from 1860 to 1870, on 

 account of the late civil war, there was no in- 

 crease of population, but a loss of 0.56 per cent. 

 In the preceding ten years, between 1850 and 

 1860, her gain in population was 5.27 per cent. 



SPAIN, a kingdom of Southern Europe. 

 King, Alfonso XII., born November 28, 1857, 

 proclaimed King December 30, 1874. The 

 area of Spain is 195,774 square miles; the 

 population in 1870 was 16,835,506. The area 

 of the Spanish colonies* was 117,209 square 

 miles; the population, 8,093,610. 



The movement of population from 1865 to 

 1870 was as follows: 



The budget for the financial year 1874-' 75 

 estimates the revenue and the expenditure as 



follows (value expressed in pesetas, 1 peseta 

 = 19.3 cts.) : 



REVENUE. 



1. Direct taxes 151,184,565 



2. Indirect taxes 110,826,986 



3. Stamps and state monopolies 132,710,872 



4. Eeceipts from national domain 57,912,771 



5. Eeceipts from the Philippine Islands 2,962,902 



6. Indemnification of war from Morocco 1 ,756,275 



7. Arrears of preceding financial years 23,819,580 



8. Exemption from military service 63,620,800 



Total 544,794,751 



Arrears of the financial years 1873 and 1874 ... 64,746,390 



Grand total 609,541,141 



EXPENDITURE. 



1. Civil list 2,996,667 



2. Presidency of the Executive 827,592 



8. Legislature 796,704 



4. Public debt 48,898,851 



5. Justice 1,032,920 



6. Pensions 81,503,049 



7. Presidency of Ministerial Council 818,818 



8. Ministry of State 8,066,518 



9. " " Justice '. 22,248,271 



10. " " War 245,731,957 



11. " "Marine 82,811,776 



12. " " the Interior 19,291,575 



13. Fomento...- 86,267,343 



14. Finances 64,744,401 



Total of the expenditure in the financial 



year 1874-'75 510,535,943 



Arrears of the financial year 1878-'74 



The public debt and its annual interest were, 

 according to a notice published by the Govern- 

 ment in the " Guia oficial de Espafia " of 1875, 

 as follows, in December, 1871, and in June, 

 1875 (value expressed in reals, 1 real equal 5 

 cents) : 



At the end of June, 1875, the debt had risen, 

 according to an account published in one of the 

 Madrid papers, to 53,000,000,000 reals. 



The Spanish army is to consist, in time of 

 peace, of 91,400 men ; in time of war, of 216,000 

 men. The fleet, in 1874, was composed as fol- 

 lows: 



Grand total 605,125,569 



* For a detailed account of the area and population of each 

 of the colonies, see ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1874. 



The aggregate length of the railroads in 

 operation amounted, on January 1, 1875, to 

 5,444 kilometres (1 kilometre = 0.62 m.) ; the 

 aggregate length of the telegraph-lines, on Jan- 

 uary 1, 1871, to 11,754 kilometres. Cuba has 

 about 640 kilometres. 



The proclamation of Prince Alfonso as King 

 of Spain, which had ushered in the new year, 

 was received quietly in Madrid. There seemed, 

 indeed, to be a general feeling of relief that 

 the provisional state of things was over, and a 

 belief that all would go well now that a defin- 

 itive Government had been established. In 

 the streets there was a good deal of excite- 

 ment, and the cafes were crowded. Many 

 houses were illuminated the same night, and in 

 the morning flags were displayed and the bells 

 were rung. At first the Eadicals and Republi- 

 cans were disposed to resist, but, finding no 

 troops on their side, they submitted. Confer- 

 ences with the principal officers of the Madrid 

 garrison had taken place the previous day, 

 and the artillery and engineers refused to fight 

 against the prince. Sefior Sagasta telegraphed 

 this intelligence to Marshal Serrano, and the 

 marshal, in reply, said that he could not rely 

 upon the support of his troops. Thereupon 

 Sefior Sagasta resigned, after protesting. The 

 ministry which was formed under the leader- 



