714 ST. LEONARDS, BARON. 



SURF-OAR. 



employed under Lord Keith, Sir Pultney Mal- 

 colm, and others, until in 1814 he obtained the 

 rank of commander. He obtained post rank in 

 June, 1817; was appointed in October, 1823, 

 to the Menai, in which he served on the coast 

 of North America, and commanded the Ben- 

 bow, from 1839 until 1842, seeing much active 

 service in the Mediterranean. In the bombard- 

 ment of St. Jean d'Acre, of which place he was 

 for a time senior officer, the Benbow was the 

 first ship in action, and, during the evacuation 

 of Syria by Ibrahim Pasha, Captain Stewart 

 had command of the British and Austrian forces 

 employed off the coast. For his services he 

 was rewarded with the Companionship of the 

 Order of the Bath. In 1855 he was appointed 

 second in command of the naval forces off Se- 

 vastopol, and he was created a Knight Com- 

 mander of the Bath and a Commander of the 

 Legion of Honor, of which he was appointed a 

 Grand Officer in 1857. He was visitor and 

 Governor of Greenwich Hospital from 1869 to 

 1872, and had been superintendent at Devon- 

 port dockyard, and afterward of Portsmouth. 

 From February, 1850, to December, 1852, he 

 was one of the Lords of the Admiralty, and he 

 was for a few months, in 1852, a representa- 

 tive of Greenwich in the House of Commons. 

 He was nominated a Grand Cross of the Order 

 of the Bath in 1865. 



ST. LEONARDS, EDWARD BUKTENSHAW 

 SuaDEN", Baron, a British peer and statesman, 

 born in February, 1781 ; died January 29, 1875. 

 He took to the study of the law, and produced 

 a treatise on "Vendors and Purchasers" which 

 attracted considerable attention, and was short- 

 ly afterward called to the bar. In 1822 he was 

 made a King's Counsel, in 1828 was returned 

 to Parliament for Weymouth, and in 1829 was 

 appointed Solicitor-General under the govern- 

 ment of the Duke of Wellington. In 1834 he 

 was made Lord Chancellor of Ireland by Sir 

 Robert Peel, and occupied the same post under 

 Sir Robert's ministry at a later period. On the 

 return of the Conservative party to power un- 

 der the Earl of Derby in 1852, he was raised 

 to the Lord Chancellorship of England, with 

 the title of Lord St. Leonards ; and was again 

 offered this dignity in the second Derby ad- 

 ministration in 1858, but declined it on the 

 ground of his advanced age. 



STORER, BELLAMY, was born in Portland, 

 Me., in 1796, and died at Cincinnati, O., on 

 June 1st, at the age of 89 years. He grad- 

 uated at Bovvdoiu College, and was admitted to 

 the bar in 1817. The same year he removed to 

 Cincinnati and began the practice of law, and 

 took a leading part in politics. In 1824 he ad- 

 vocated the election of John Quincy Adams as 

 President of the United States, and became one 

 of the editors of The Crisis, the organ of his 

 party. From 1835 to 1837 he was a member of 

 Congress, and in 1844 he was a presidential 

 elector, and gave his vote to Henry Clay. He 

 was for many years professor in the Cincin- 

 nati Law School and served for nineteen years 



as Judge of the Supreme Court of Cincinnati. 

 Judge Storer was also a popular orator, speak- 

 ing not only at political but at religious gather- 

 ings. At one time in early life he was a leading 

 spirit in a band of religious young men called 

 " Flying Artillery," who went from town to 

 town to promote religious awakenings. 



STRUENSEE, GTJSTAV VON, a German nov- 

 elist, better known by his nom de plume Gus- 

 tav voui See, born December 13, 1803; died 

 September 29, 1875. He studied law in the 

 Universities of Bonn and Berlin, and then en- 

 tered the service of the state. He did not enter 

 the literary field up to his fortieth year, when 

 he wrote his first novel, "Das Pfarrhaus zu 

 Aardal." His following works, " Egon " and 

 " Ranci," gained for him considerable celebrity. 

 He now published, at short intervals, a large 

 number of novels, which at the time of his 

 death amounted to over 70 volumes. . Probably 

 his best work is " Die Egoisten," published in 

 1853. His last novels were "Ideal und Wirk- 

 lichkeit " (3 vols., 1875), and " Das Majorat " 

 (3 vols., 1875). 



SURF-CAR. A valuable invention for the 

 rescue of human life from wrecked vessels is 

 the "American Life-Car," manufactured by 

 Joseph Francis, of New York City, the au- 

 thorship of which is to be ascribed to Captain 

 Douglass Ottinger, of the United States Reve- 

 nue Marine. This car is the only agent yet 

 invented for the transfer of human beings 

 from a stranded ship on a stormy beach or 

 rocky shore, when the surf is so violent as to 

 render the English life-boat useless. The in- 

 vention is not patented, but has been relin- 

 quished by Captain Ottinger to the use of the 

 public. The inventor was appointed to super- 

 intend the establishment of life-saving stations 

 on the coast of New Jersey, according to an 

 act of Congress, in 1848, and, while upon this 

 service, conceived the notion of a life-boat of 

 corrugated iron. He obtained the services of 

 a number of practical surf-men in the con- 

 struction of a model, and then employed Mr. 

 Francis to manufacture such a boat for each 

 of the stations. The idea of a surf-car formed 

 itself in his mind while busied in this service, 

 and Mr. Francis was commissioned to construct 

 the car according to the design and under the 

 direction of Captain Ottinger. The invention 

 has been claimed by Mr. Francis, but Captain 

 Ottinger's name is on the files of the Patent- 

 Office, and he established his claim as the 

 originator of this admirable invention so ade- 

 quately before a committee of Congress, that 

 an award of ten thousand dollars was granted 

 him in consideration of its great services in the 

 rescue of life. 



The surf-car is constructed of lightly galvan- 

 ized iron. When closed it is nearly water-tight. 

 There is room in the chamber for four adults or 

 eight children. At either end a short rope is 

 fastened, with a metal ring at its end. These 

 cars are in exclusive use at the stations for the 

 saving of life along the American shore. A 



