TURKEY. 



733 



According to the budget of 1875 the army* 

 embraced 1,613 officers, 62,158 men, and 14,921 

 horses. 



The present ruler of Servia, the other de- 

 pendency of Turkey in Europe, Milan Obreno- 

 vitch IV., was born 1855, and succeeded to the 

 throne by the election of the Servian National 

 Assembly, after the assassination of his uncle, 

 Prince Michael Obrenovitch, June, 1868 ; was 

 crowned at Belgrade, and assumed the govern- 

 ment, August 22, 1872. He was married on 

 October 17, 1875, to Natalie de Keshko, the 

 daughter of a Russian nobleman. The legis- 

 lative authority is exercised by the Sknptchina. 

 The former Senate has been changed into a 

 Council of State, which prepares the laws. The 

 Skuptchina is composed of delegates chosen 

 by the people, at the rate of one deputy to 

 every 2,000 electors, and consisted in 1875 of 

 134 members, of whom 33 were appointed by 

 the prince, and 101 elected by the people. 



According to the budget for the year 1874- 

 '75 the revenue was 35,035,000 " tax-piasters" 

 (1 piaster = 4 cents), and the expenditure 

 35,031,983 piasters. The area of Servia is 

 16,817 square miles; population in 1872, 1,338,- 

 505; of whom about 5,000 are Mohammedans, 

 1,500 Jews, 360 Protestants, 3,500 Roman 

 Catholics, and the remainder members of the 

 Orthodox Greek Church. The capital, Bel- 

 grade, had in 1872 a population of 26,674, ex- 

 clusive of the garrison. The army, actually 

 under arms, consists of 4,720 men, with the 

 exception of 200 cavalry and a small artillery 

 corps, all infantry. The strength of the re- 

 serves is 150,490 men. The imports were val- 

 ued in 1872 at 32,900,000 francs; the exports 

 at 30,900,000 francs. There were in 1875 not 

 yet any railroads in Servia, but the construc- 

 tion of a road from Belgrade to Nish was be- 

 gun; the aggregate length of the telegraph- 

 lines was, in 1872, 853 miles. 



OPENING OF THE BLACK SEA FROM THE BOSPORUS. 



The prince of the tributary island of Samos 

 is Constantine J. Photiades. The area of the 

 island is 212 square miles; the population in 

 1874 was 34,141. In 1874 the revenue amounted 

 to 3,343,165 piasters, and the expenditure to 

 3,095,320 piasters. The imports and exports 

 are estimated at 8,000,000 and 10,000,000 pi- 

 asters respectively. The commercial navy 

 comprises 236 vessels of 4,717 tons. The move- 

 ment of shipping in 1874 was 75 steamers, of 

 9,087 tons, and 4,803 sailing-vessels, of 41,367 

 tons. 



The principality of Montenegro, which was 

 formerly a tributary state of Turkey, must now 

 be regarded as an independent state. The 



* For a fuller account of the Koumanian army, see ANNUAL 

 CYCLOPEDIA for 1874. 



prince has worked steadily and unceasingly to 

 attain this end, and he is now treated as a 

 sovereign prince by all the foreign powers, 

 while Montenegro has been placed in the Al- 

 manack de Qotha, the standard authority on 

 such matters in Europe, under a separate head 

 as an independent country. It has an area of 

 1,701 square miles, and a population of 120,000. 

 The most interesting part of Turkish history 

 during the year was an insurrection that broke 

 out in July, in the province of Herzegovina, 

 and which gradually spread over the whole of 

 Bosnia, and at the end of the year even threat- 

 ened to involve Servia and Montenegro. The 

 vilayet of Bosnia, of which the Herzegovina 

 forms the southwestern part, is situated in the 

 extreme northwest of the Turkish Empire. It 



