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INDEX OF CONTENTS. 



message, 139 ; its truthfulness, 139 ; the bill is a propo- 

 sition to abate the foreign indebtedness, 139 ; sole object 

 in proposing to issue convertible bonds, 139 ; evil coun- 

 sels seem to prevail, 140; a demand for gold created be- 

 yond the means of the country to meet, 140 ; why so 

 little difference between gold and paper in France ? 140 ; 

 how stands the greenback now ? 140 ; what does the bill 

 propose ? 141 ; it would quicken every industry in the 

 country, 141 ; no political interest in this question, 141 ; 

 what has been proposed and said, 141 ; the proposition 

 is simply asking the Government to pay interest on the 

 money loaned to it, 142 ; why is all business enterprise 

 crippled? 142; what is the objection to contraction? 

 142 ; one-quarter of all the property of the country is in- 

 vested in debt, 142 ; the consequence is, we are eaten up 

 by interest. 142 ; let the Government borrow at a low 

 rate of interest, and it will come down lower, 143. 



Expansion sure to follow this bill, 148 ; all agree upon 

 the evil and the mischief to be remedied, 143 ; money is 

 high because of the apprehension that Congress is going 

 to inflate the currency, 148 ; only the power of self-pres- 

 ervation probably can authorize the Government to issue 

 this kind of paper, 144 ; opinion of the Secretary of the 

 Treasury on the first issue of legal tenders, 144; war 

 with its necessities and burdens being past, they look 

 to us to cause these notes to pass away, 144; reasons 

 for voting against the bill, 144; let the greenbacks be 

 exchangeable for gold at the Treasury, 145; there Is 

 illimitable expansion in this bill, 145; no final action 

 taken, 146. 



In the Senate, a bill reported from the Committee on 

 Finance to provide for the resumption of specie pay- 

 ments, 146 ; the bill, 146 ; explanation of the features of 

 the bill, 146, 147; it simply follows the example set by 

 the States, by England, and by other nations, 147; it 

 provides ample means to prepare for and to maintain re- 

 sumption, 147 , three different plans proposed to prepare 

 for resumption, 148 ; one is contraction, 148 ; another is 

 the conversion of United States notes into a bond, 148; 

 the third is a graduated scale for resumption in coin 

 and bullion, 148 ; all of these plans are omitted from the 

 bill, 148. 



Are the greenbacks, when retired, to be canceled and 

 destroyed, 148 ? it is not proposed to decide that ques- 

 tion in this bill, 149 ; what are the provisions made in 

 the bill to prepare the way for specie payments ? 149 ; 

 what will be the effect of free banking? 149 ; what is the 

 third and last section of this bill? 149; complete re- 

 sumption in four years and retiring eighty per cent, of 

 greenbacks for every hundred issued in bank-notes, 150; 

 what additional bank currency will be called for in four 

 years ? 150 ; it will not be ten million dollars, 150 ; the bill 

 does not tell whether the retired greenbacks are to be 

 poured out again, 150 ; amendment proposed to receive 

 legal tenders in part for duties, 150 ; further amendment 

 moved to make duties payable in legal tenders after July 

 1, 1875, 151'; customs duties are pledged for the payment 

 of interest on the public debt, 151 ; the bill disregards 

 this pledge, 151 ; make the legal tenders good as coin, 

 151 ; this bill is rather averse than favorable to resump- 

 tion, 152 ; amendment to the amendment rejected, 152 ; 

 the amendment rejected, 153 ; other amendments offered 

 and rejected, 153 ; the construction of this bill, if it be- 

 comes a law, belongs to another tribunal, 153 ; object of 

 those who introduced the bill twofold, 154 ; how can we 

 get back to specie payments ? 154 ; motion to recommit 

 the bill lost, 154 ; motion to retire two million greenbacks 

 monthly lost, 154 ; bill passed, 155. 



In the House, the bill reported, 155 ; passed, 155 ; mes- 

 sage from the President on his approval of the bill, 156. 



In the House, a bill to protect all citizens in their civil 

 rights considered, 156 ; moved to amend by striking out 

 all in reference to public schools, 156 ; the amendment, 

 157; no intention to make social equality, 157; it is a 

 question of common right in a public conveyance, 157 ; a 

 foolish prejudice on this matter, 157; why not make the 

 individual who does the injury responsible in damages ? 

 157 ; two reasons for going to the United States courts, 

 158; whatever right and power a State had previous to 

 the constitutional amendment it still has, except in cer- 

 tain particulars, 158; the bill is in harmony with the 

 Constitution as construed by the Supreme Court, 158; 

 not in the province of the States or the Federal Govern- 

 ment to enforce constitutional guarantees, 159 ; there is 

 a constitutional prohibition against religious proscrip- 

 tion, 159 ; the question is clear, 160 ; the Federal Gov- 

 ernment cannot go into the States to exercise legislative 

 powers over the people, 160 ; no grant of power in the 

 amendment, 161; cases quoted, 161; decisions of the 

 Supreme Court, 162; the court has decided that the 

 rights and privileges of citizens are left to the States for 

 protection, 163 ; no difficulty in any of the States on ac- 

 count of this bin, 168 ; the only trouble to-day is that the 

 colored man is so loyal to the Government, 163; in South 

 Carolina the reconstruction policy is not a failure, 168 ; 

 social aspect of this subject, 164; the passage of the bill 

 is a measure of justice and equity, 164 ; reference to the 

 public schools, 164 ; no part of this bill so important as 

 the school clause, 165 ; the great cry against the South- 

 ern people is their Ignorance, 165; upon this school 

 question we should be careful that we do not inflict on 

 the several States an injury that we ought to avoid, 166 ; 

 this is a question of equal civil rights to all citizens, 166; 

 it is said this bill is intended as a stab at constitutional 

 liberty, 167; two kinds of opinion in the Republican 

 party on schools, 167; the amendment agreed to, 167; 

 preamble adopted, 167; bill passed, 168. 



Iri the Senate, the above bill reported without amend- 

 ment, 168 ; what does the bill propose ? 1 68 ; to secure the 

 fundamental rights in the Constitution, 168; the Consti- 

 tution is a bill of rights, 168 ; what does the bill provide ? 

 168 ; details, 168 ; bill passed, 169. 



In the House, the appropriation bill to defray the ex- 

 penses of Government considered, 169 ; an amendment 

 to increase the appropriation to the Commissioner of Ed- 

 ucation moved, 170 ; his office-force too small, 170 ; com- 

 mon-school systems in their infancy in large portions of 

 the Union, 170; proper functions of the bureau, 170; 

 two policies presented, 171 ; opposed to all this bureau- 

 cratic system, 171 ; the powers of Congress, 171 ; not 

 simply a question of education, 171 ; you may create a 

 hundred bureaus of some value, 171 ; no duty with re- 

 spect to education is imposed on Congress, 172 ; speech 

 of the minister of Spain, 172 ; opposed to the General 

 Government imposing upon the people any system of 

 education, 172; amendment rejected, 172. 



In the Senate, the bill for the government of the Dis- 

 trict of Columbia being under consideration, 172 ; object, 

 that it introduced compulsory education from the age of 

 six to the age of eighteen, 172 ; to be enforced by pun- 

 ishment of the child, 172; motion to strike out, 173; 

 child to be deprived of employment, 173 ; penalty of gir- 

 ing employment, 178 ; the law with regard to manufact- 

 urers, 173 ; compulsory education not a desirable thing, 

 174; another punishment for the parent that he shall not 

 be registered as a voter, 174 ; a small smack of know- 

 nothingism, 174 ; vote first to fill the children's bellies, 

 175 ; the compulsory system is not for the rich, 175 ; the 

 interference coercively by the State with the natural duty 

 of the parent, 175; what is the object of this compulsory 



