AEMY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



and three thousand seven hundred and fifty 

 tons of hay, were procured for their forage. 

 As this valley had heen largely drawn upon 

 during the summer and fall months of the year, 

 it was feared that the encampment of such a 

 large number of men and animals as composed 

 McCulloch's force might distress the inhabi- 

 tants. The campaign in Kansas was not carried 

 out, and early in the spring Gen. McCulloch 

 was driven out by the Federal force. 



ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES. At 

 the time of the attack on Fort Sumter, the en- 

 tire military force at the disposal of the Gov- 

 ernment was 16,000 regulars. They were prin- 

 cipally employed in the West to hold in check 

 marauding Indians. It has always been the 

 policy of the Government to maintain the army 

 at the lowest number of privates which was 

 practicable consistent with the interests of the 

 country, and to rely upon volunteers whenever 

 any emergency should arise. The effect of this 

 policy was to place the forts and arsenals in 

 seceding States in such a condition as to be 

 entirely unprepared to make any defence when 

 assaulted, even by armed citizens disposed 

 to seize them. The nucleus of an army was 

 always preserved by the education of offi- 

 cers at the military institution at West Point. 

 The wisdom of this policy is now more severely 

 tested than ever before. 



The call of the President for troops for three 

 months, in his proclamation of April 15th, 

 asked for 75,000 men. This call amounted, in 

 the aggregate, to ninety-four regiments, making 

 73,391, officers and men. Of the States called 

 upon, the Governors of Virginia, North Caro- 

 lina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Mis- 

 souri peremptorily refused to comply with the 

 requirements made by the War Department. 

 All the other non-seceding States promptly 

 furnished the number required of them, except 

 Maryland, whose Governor was prevented from 

 so doing by the outbreak at Baltimore. The 

 quota for each State under this call was as fol- 

 lows: 



The remainder, to constitute the 75,000 men, 

 was composed of troops in the District of Co- 

 lumbia. 



Notwithstanding the positive refusal of the 

 Governors of Virginia and Missouri to coope- 

 rate with the Government, patriotic citizens 

 voluntarily united together and organized regi- 

 ments for the Government service. Virginia 

 furnished a regiment, and Missouri raised a force 

 of 11,445, officers and men, making in round 



numbers twelve organized regiments. The citi- 

 zens of the District of Columbia furnished no 

 less than 2,813, officers and men, making in all 

 four regiments. It Avas ordered that each regi- 

 ment should consist of an aggregate of 780, 

 officers and men. This was at a future day 

 changed. Under the above-mentioned call the 

 Government received, and had in service on 

 the 1st of July, 77,875 men. These troops 

 were infantry or riflemen. 



On the 4th of May a second proclamation 

 was issued by the President, calling for volun- 

 teers to serve during the war. So patriotic 

 and enthusiastic were the people in favor of 

 preserving the Union, that, under this call, two 

 hundred and eight regiments had been accepted 

 by July 1st. A number of other regiments 

 were also accepted, on condition of being ready 

 to be mustered into service within a specified 

 time. All of those regiments accepted under 

 this call were infantry and riflemen, with the 

 exception of two battalions of artillery and four 

 regiments of cavalry. Many regiments, mus- 

 tered as infantry, had attached to them one or 

 more artillery companies; and there were also 

 some regiments partly made up of companies 

 of cavalry. Of the two hundred and eight regi- 

 ments above mentioned, one hundred and fifty- 

 three were in active service on the 1st of July, 

 and the remaining fifty-five within twenty days 

 afterwards. 



The total force in the field on July 1st, was 

 computed as follows : 



Regulars and volunteers for three months 

 and for the war 232,875 



Add to this 55 regiments of volunteers for 

 the war, accepted and not then ill 

 service 50,000 



Add new regiments of regular army. 25,000 



75,000 



Total force at command of Government 307,875 



Deduct the three-months volunteers 77,875 



Force for service after the withdrawal of the 



three-months men 230,000 



Of this force, 188,000 men were volunteers, 

 and 42,000 men computed for the regular army. 



The proclamation of the President of May 

 4th also called for an increase of the regular 

 army. This increase consisted of one regiment 

 of cavalry of twelve companies, numbering, in 

 the maximum aggregate, 1,189, officers and 

 men ; one regiment of artillery of twelve bat- 

 teries, of six pieces each, numbering, in the 

 maximum aggregate, 1,909, officers and men ; 

 nine regiments of infantry, each regiment con- 

 taining three battalions of eight companies each, 

 numbering, in the maximum aggregate, 2,452, 

 officers and men, making a maximum increase 

 of infantry of 22,068, officers and men. 



The system adopted for the organization of 

 the volunteers was different from the one which 

 had existed in the regular army. The French 

 regimental system of three battalions to a regi- 

 ment was adopted. 



The appropriations asked of Congress at its 



