BULL RUN. 



75 



The Confederate force was largely increased 

 by troops from South Carolina, Georgia, Missis- 

 sippi, Alabama, and Texas. On the night after 

 the battle, President Davis sent a despatch to 

 Richmond by telegraph, saying ; " The battle 

 was mainly fought on our left. Our force was 

 15,000 ; that of the enemy estimated at 35,000. 



General McDowell in his official report says : 

 "We crossed Bull Run with about 18,000 

 men, of all arms." " The numbers opposed to 

 us have been variously estimated. I may safe- 

 ly say and avoid even the appearance of exag- 

 geration, that the enemy brought up all he 

 could, which were not kept engaged else- 

 where." 



The force under Gen. McDowell, on the 8th 

 of July, was organized into five divisions. The 

 first division, under Brig.-Gen. Tyler, consisted 

 of four brigades. The regiments in each bri- 

 gade were "as follows: First brigade, under 

 Col. Keyes, First, Second, Third, Connecticut ; 

 Fourth Maine ; Varian's battery, and Company 

 B, Second Cavalry. In the second brigade, 

 under Col. Scheuck, the regiments were as fol- 

 lows : First, Second, Ohio ; Second New York, 

 and Company E, Second Artillery. In the 

 third brigade, under Colonel W. T. Sherman, 

 were the Thirteenth, Sixty-ninth, Seventy-ninth, 

 New York ; Second "Wisconsin ; and Company 

 E, Third Artillery. In the fourth brigade, under 

 Colonel Richardson, Second, Third, Michigan; 

 First Massachusetts : Twelfth New York. 



In the second division, under Col. David 

 Hunter, were two brigades. These contained 

 the following regiments : In the first brigade, 

 under Col. Porter, were the Eighth, Fourteenth, 

 New York ; battalion of regular infantry ; Com- 

 panies G and L, Second Cavalry; Company , 

 Fifth Artillery. In the second" brigade, under 

 Col. Burnside were the First. Second, Rhode 

 Island ; Seventy-first New York ; Second New 

 Hampshire ; battery of Light Artillery, R. I. 



In the third division, under Col. Heintzelman, 

 were three brigades with the following regi- 

 ments : In the first brigade, under Col. Frank- 

 lin, were the Fourth Pennsylvania ; Fifth Mas- 

 sachusetts : First Minnesota ; Company E, Sec- 

 ond Cavalry ; Company I, First Artillery. In 

 the second brigade, under Col. Wilcox, were the 

 First Michigan ; Eleventh New York ; Com- 

 pany D, Second Artillery. In the third brigade, 

 under Col. Howard, were the Second, Fourth, 

 Fifth, Maine ; Second Vermont. 



In the fourth division, under Brig.-Gen. Run- 

 yon, as a reserve, were the following regiments : 

 First, Second, Third, Fourth, New Jersey three- 

 months volunteers, and First, Second, Third, 

 New Jersey three-years volunteers. 



In the fifth division, under Col. Miles, were 

 two brigades. In the first brigade were the 

 following volunteers : Col. Blenker command- 

 ing, Eighth, Twenty-ninth. New York ; Gari- 

 baldi Guard, and Twenty-fourth Pennsylvania. 

 In the second brigade under Col. Davies, were the 

 Sixteenth, Eighteenth, Thirty-first, Thirty-sec- 

 ond, New York ; Company G, Second Artillery. 



The movement of troops to attack the centre 

 of the Confederate army commenced on the 

 16th of July. It was first made known to the 

 inhabitants of Washington by their sudden 

 disappearance from the opposite or Virginia 

 side of the Potomac. The force compris- 

 ed in this movement consisted of five divisions, 

 as above mentioned, but a few of the details 

 were altered. A body of five hundred marines 

 was also added. On the 17th, the advance of 

 Gen. McDowell's entire command was begun. 

 It was made by four different routes. The right 

 wing, composed of the first division of fpur bri- 

 gades under Gen. Tyler, moved by the George- 

 town road. The centre, composed of the sec- 

 ond division of two brigades under Col. Hunter, 

 advanced by the Leesburg and Centreville 

 road. The left wing, consisting of the third 

 division of three brigades, under Col. Heintzel- 

 man, moved by the Little River turnpike, and 

 the other part of the whig, consisting of the 

 fifth division of two brigades, under Col. Miles, 

 proceeded by the old Braddock road. The re- 

 serve consisted of the fourth division of New 

 Jersey troops, under Gen. Runyon. 



The following order, issued by General Mc- 

 Dowell from his head-quarters at Arlington on 

 July 5th, shows the condition of the men when 

 ready to march : 



When troops are paraded in light marching- order, 

 they will be equipped as follows: Their arms, ac- 

 coutrements, and ammunition the cartridge-boxes 

 filled. Their haversacks, with three days' cooked ra- 

 tions ; their blankets in a roll, with the ends tied to 

 each other, across the shoulder ; and where it is pos- 

 sible, a pair of stockings inside of the blanket. Their 

 canteens and cups ; knapsacks will be packed and left 

 in the tent under a guard of the regiment, consisting 

 of those men least able to march, and to the number 

 to be specially designated for each corps. Knapsacka 

 should be numbered or marked in such way as will 

 enable them to be readily claimed by their owners. 

 Commanding officers of brigades will take measures 

 to diminish as quickly as possible the baggage of the 

 regiments under their commands, by sending away 

 every thing not absolutely necessary. This will apply 

 to the personal effects of'the officers and men, as well 

 as to military property. 



Near Fairfax Court House obstructions had 

 been placed by the Confederate troops upon 

 all the roads upon which the divisions advanced. 

 The division of the centre marched with the left 

 brigade in front. This placed the Rhode Island 

 troops, under Colonel Burnside, in advance. The 

 Second Regiment was employed as skirmishers in 

 front of the division. Their lines extended from 

 half a mile to two miles on each side of the road. 

 The Confederate troops retired as fast as the 

 head of the advancing column made its appear- 

 ance. Within three miles of the Court House, 

 the division encountered the first barricade, 

 consisting of trees felled and thrown across the 

 road. The second was of a similar character. 

 They occasioned only a few moments' delay. 

 The third barricade was more formidable. It 

 was at the entrance of a deep cut, about half 

 way up a steep hill, crowned on one side by a 

 thick wood, and on the other by an open field. 

 A road was made through the field, and the 



