342 



GEOKGIA. 



in the hands of speculators or traders, and to 

 pay them or tender to pay them reasonable and 

 just compensation therefor, to be fixed by com- 

 petent valuing agents. Such a measure would 

 not only secure the Government against extor- 

 tion, but it would also accomplish a general 

 public benefit in the regulation of prices. The 

 price fixed as the market value of the articles 

 needed by the State, which are also the princi- 

 pal articles needed by the community, would 

 very soon become the general market price in 

 the State, as the authorities could, on informa- 

 tion, seize supplies for the State in the hands 

 of such persons as refused to sell at reasonable 

 prices, and thus bring down those above to 

 medium rates." Bacon, which cost, before the 

 war commenced, ten cents per pound, was then 

 selling for thirty cents. Country jeans had ad- 

 vanced from fifty cents per yard to one dollar 

 twenty-five and one dollar fifty cents. An act 

 was accordingly passed by the Legislature 

 which allowed the owner to sell salt, wheat, 

 flour, bacon, lard, cotton, osnaburgs, kerseys, 

 leather, shoes, at an advance of sixty per cent. 

 over the price in the month of April previous, 

 but all speculative prices were forbidden. 



The military quota of the State was ordered 

 by the Confederate Government to the border 

 States. The danger of invasion was at no time 

 prior to the latter part of the year considered 

 so imminent as to require a large force in the 

 field, ready for defence. In September, about 

 three thousand troops were stationed on the 

 seaboard to defend the city of Savannah, and 

 about one hundred and ten miles of sea-coast. 

 The Governor frequently made offers to the 

 Secretary of "War to increase this force by call- 

 ing out the militia, but no requisition was ever 

 made by the latter. Finally the Governor, ap- 

 prehending danger, called out a considerable 

 force as a part of his duty, and proceeded to 

 organize them. No assistance had thus far 

 been received from the Confederate Govern- 

 ment in the defence of the coast, and the Gov- 

 ernor recommended to the State Legislature to 

 undertake this duty. He said : " My own opin- 

 ion is, that it is not now the time to count the 

 cost, but that we should call out as many troops 

 as may be necessary to repel the invader, should 

 he appear either upon the sea-coast or upon 

 the borders of Tennessee. Whether it may 

 take ten thousand or twenty thousand men, or 

 whether it may cost five or ten millions of dol- 

 lars, I ask, in the name of the people, that their 

 representatives place at my command the men 

 and money necessary to accomplish this ob- 

 ject." 



The expedition to Port Royal (see EXPEDI- 

 TIONS) sailed from Fortress Monroe so late in 

 the year, that it served only to threaten the 

 coast of Georgia for some time. A consider- 

 able force, as a coast guard, was collected, and 

 some troops were also sent to aid in the defence 

 of Charleston. A number of little steam-boats 

 were equipped under Captain Tattnal, once an 

 officer of the United States Navy. They were, 



GORTCHAKOFF. 



however, unable to oppose the overwhelming 

 force sent by the Federal Government. 



The vote for President in 1860 was : Doug- 

 las, 11,590; Breckinridge, 51,889 ; Bell, 42,886. 

 No votes were cast for Mr. Lincoln. 



GIBBS, JOSIAII WILLAED, LL.D., an Amer- 

 ican philologist and professor, born in Salem, 

 Mass., April 30, 1790, died at New Haven, 

 March 25, 1861. He graduated at Yale College 

 in 1809, and was tutor there from 1811 to 1815. 

 In 1824 he was appointed professor of sacred 

 literature in the Yale Theological Seminary 

 connected with the college, and continued to 

 fulfil the duties of that professorship to the 

 close of his life. In 1853 the College of New 

 Jersey conferred on him the degree of LL.D. 

 He was particularly fond of grammatical and 

 philological studies, and had attained a high 

 reputation for thoroughness and accuracy in 

 them. He contributed to several of the most 

 important philological works of the present 

 century, among others to the revised edition of 

 Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, to Prof. W. 

 C. Fowler's work on the English language, and 

 to the American Journal of Science, and other 

 critical periodicals. His published works were : 

 a translation of Storr's "Historical Sense of 

 the New Testament," Boston, 1817; a trans- 

 lation of Gesenius' " Hebrew Lexicon of the Old 

 Testament," 8vo. Andover, 1824 ; " A Manual 

 Hebrew and English Lexicon," (abridged from 

 Gesenius,) Andover, 1828, (2d edition, New Ha- 

 ven, 1832 ;) "Philological Studies," New Haven, 

 1857; and "Latin Analyst," New Haven, 1858. 



GIBSON, GEN. GEOEGE, died at Washington 

 on the 29th of September, 1861. A native of 

 Pennsylvania, he entered the army from civil 

 life as a captain of infantry, in May, 1808. Sub- 

 sequently he was promoted to the rank of major 

 and lieutenant-colonel, and after having served 

 with distinction through the war of 1812-'15, 

 he was discharged at its close. Reappointed 

 as quartermaster-general in 1816, and subse- 

 quently made commissary-general in 1818, he 

 rendered invaluable service in the former ca- 

 pacity to the army of Gen. Jackson in Florida, 

 and thereby earned the enduring friendship of 

 that stern soldier. Brevetted a brigadier-gen- 

 eral for faithful service in 1826, and a major- 

 general for meritorious conduct as commissary- 

 general during the Mexican war, he administered 

 the affairs of his department for a period of 

 over forty years, to the entire satisfaction, it was 

 believed, of his superiors and the army. 



GORTCHAKOFF, PEINCE MIHIEL or MI- 

 CHAEL, a Russian general, born in 1792, died 

 May 30, 1861. He was a descendant of one of 

 the oldest and noblest houses of Russia, being 

 of the stock of Rurik, one of the early czars of 

 Russia. His father was the celebrated prince 

 Dimitri Petrowitsch Gortchakofl", well known 

 as a Russian poet. Young Gortchakoff entered 

 the army very early, and served against the 

 French in the campaigns of 1807 and 1812-'14 ; 

 against the Swedes in 1808-'9, and in 1810 as 

 an artillery officer in Persia. During the cam- 



