424 



LITERATUEE AND LITERAKY PROGRESS OF 1861. 



greater pretension. Mr. Herbert Spencer pub- 

 lished a series of brilliant essays on " Educa- 

 tion ; " Mr. Edward Arnold published a trea- 

 tise on the subject of education in India and its 

 necessity; and Mr. E. T. Rogers, an Oxford 

 examiner, a work on " Education at Oxford ; 

 its Methods, its Aims, and its Results ; " Mr. J. 

 Austin a treatise on " The Province of Law 

 Determined ; " J. Francillon, " Lectures, Ele- 

 mentary and Familiar, on English Law ; " A. 

 H. Louis a learned and able essay entitled 

 " England and Europe, a Discussion of National 

 Policy ; " Miss Martineau one of her politico- 

 economic tales on Health, Husbandry, and 

 Handicraft ; Mr. Montague Bernard discussed 

 " The Principle of Non-Intervention ; " and 

 two anonymous writers, of decided ability, 

 " The Progress of Nations," and " Admiralty 

 Administration, its Faults and Defaults." The 

 trouble between the indigo planters in India 

 and the ryots also gave rise to a considerable 

 number of pamphlets. 



In the way of travel and exploration, the list 

 is somewhat larger : Mr. A. H. Tilley published 

 a gossipy book on " Japan, the Amoor, and 

 the Pacific ; " Mr. T. Forrester described his 

 " Rambles in Corsica and Sardinia ; " Mr. J. L. 

 Farley, " The Massacres in Syria ; " and Mrs. 

 Harvey, " Our Cruise in the Claymore," one of 

 the war vessels sent to the Syrian coast. " So- 

 cial Life and Manners in Australia " were por- 

 trayed by " a Resident." Capt. C. S. Forbes 

 narrated his experiences in the " Campaigns of 

 Garibaldi," as well as his observations of " Ice- 

 land ; its Volcanoes, &c. ; " Mr. H. B. Tristram 

 penetrated into " The Great Sahara," and gave 

 a somewhat dry account of his journeyings ; 

 Dr. N. Davis informed the public of the results 

 of his explorations in " Ancient Carthage ; " 

 Mrs. Bromley, in a series of letters to her fa- 

 ther, gave the detail of 20,000 miles of jour- 

 neyings in the New World in ten months, un- 

 der the title of " A Woman's Wanderings in the 

 Western World ; " Rev. J. C. Browne described 

 what he himself observed and learned of " The 

 Punjab and Delhi in 1857 ; " and Mr. E. Leckey 

 confuted some of the " Fictions Connected with 

 the Indian Outbreak in 1857 ; " J. Hollings- 

 head, as a result of travels nearer home, gives 

 a touching picture of "Ragged London in 

 1861 ; " Rev. W. M. Mitchell, of Toronto, C. 

 W., gave an account of " The Underground 

 Railroad ; " Capt. Sherrard Osborne described 

 some incidents of Japanese life, under the title 

 of " Japanese Fragments," which he illustrated 

 by fac-similes of Japanese drawings. The often 

 trodden route to Sinai was once more traversed 

 by Mr. Beaumont in his " Cairo to Sinai, and 

 Sinai to Cairo." The late Chinese war was de- 

 scribed by Mr. Robert Swinhoe, in a volume 

 with the title of " The North China Campaign 

 of 1860." Lady Charlotte Pepys gave some 

 glimpses of " Domestic Life in Russia," and nn 

 anonymous writer treated of " The Spanish 

 Peninsula ; its past History, present Condition, 

 and future Prospects." 



Large contributions were made to the cata- 

 logue of scientific books. In natural history, 

 the most remarkable books were " John Hun- 

 ter's Essays and Observations on Natural His- 

 tory," edited and enriched by Richard Owen ; 

 Darwin's " Origin of Species ; " Hartwig's 

 " The Sea and its Living Wonders ; " Dr. 

 Hicks' " The Honey Bee ; its Natural History, 

 &c. ; " Sir John Herschel's treatises on " Phys- 

 ical Geography and Meteorology ; " Thos. 

 Moore's " British Ferns and their Allies ; " 

 Bentley's " Botany ; " Von Kittlitz' " Vegeta- 

 tion of Coasts and Islands of the Pacific ;" E. 

 Maling's " Indian Plants ; " Lovell Reeve's 

 " Elements of Conchology ; " Dr. John Black- 

 wall's " History of Spiders of Great Britain and 

 Ireland ; " David Page's " Past and Present 

 Life of the Globe ; " Dr. Geo. Ogilvie's " The 

 Genetic Cycle in Organic Nature ; " Sir R. 

 Murchison and Mr. A. Geikie's " Geologic Map 

 of Scotland ; " Chas. Boner's " Forest Crea- 

 tures ; " and Robt. McWilliam's Foot Notes 

 from the Page of Nature, or First Forms of 

 Vegetation." In mechanics, engineering, ar- 

 chitecture, &c. : William Fairbairn's " Iron ; its 

 History, &c. ; " E. Hull's " Coal Fields of Great 

 Britain ; " Dollman and Jobbin's " Analysis of 

 Ancient Domestic Architecture ; " H umber's 

 " Cast and Wrought Iron Bridge Construc- 

 tion ;" R. Scott Burns' "Illustrations of Me- 

 chanical Movements and Machines ; " and Sir 

 John Herschel's " Essay on the Telescope." In 

 archa3ology and philology, Mr. S. Sharpe on 

 Egyptian Hieroglyphics," and Mr. Craik's 

 "History of the English Language from the 

 Norman Conquest." The principal contribu- 

 tions to medical science were : Dr. R. B. 

 Todd's " Clinical Lectures ; " Dr. Greenhow 

 on "Diphtheria; " Dr. Parke's " On the Urine 

 in Health and Disease ; " Dr. Holmes' " System 

 of Surgery; " Dr. Mayne's "Expository Lexi- 

 con of Medicine ; " Dr. Edwin Smith's " Health 

 and Disease, as influenced by Changes in the 

 Human System ; " Dr. Brinton's " Food and its 

 Digestion ; " Dr. G. M. Humphrey's " Human 

 Foot and Human Hand ; " Dr. Walton's and Dr. 

 Holmes' treatises on " Diseases of the Eye ; " 

 Dr. John Gardner's "Household Medicine ;" Dr. 

 E. Meryou's " History of Medicine ; " and Dr. 

 J. Rutherfurd Russell's "History and Heroes 

 of the Art of Medicine ; " Dr. C. B. Raclcliffe's 

 " Epileptic and other Convulsive Affections ; " 

 and Messrs. Walsh and Lupton's " The Horse, 

 in the Stable and the Field ; his Diseases, &c." 

 Knight's " Cyclopedia of Arts and Sciences," 

 vols. 7 and 8, completing that section ; and the 

 whole work, which extended to 22 volumes, 

 were published in the course of the year, as 

 was also a 22d volume of the w Encyclopedia 

 Britannica," containing an analytical index, and 

 completing that work. 



The contributions to history and biography 

 were also extensive, and some of them of great 

 value ; the fifth volume of Baron Macaulay's 

 "History of England," edited by his sister, 

 Lady Trevelyan, was perhaps the most valu- 



