436 



MAINE. 



assembled First, That Congress deems it just and 

 proper to enter upon its records a recognition of the 

 eminent and patriotic services of the late Brigadier- 

 General Nathaniel Lyon. The country to whose ser- 

 vices he devoted his 'life will guard and preserve his 

 fame as a part of its own glory. Second, That the 

 thauks of Congress are hereby given to the brave offi- 

 cers and soldiers who, under the command of the late 

 General Lyon, sustained the honor of the flag, and 

 achieved victory against overwhelming numbers at 

 the battle of Springfield, in Missouri, and that, in order 

 to commemorate an event so honorable to the country 

 and to themselves, it is ordered that each regiment en- 



gaged shall be authorized to bear upon its colors the 

 word " Springfield," embroidered in letters of gold. 

 And the President of the United States is hereby re- 

 quested to cause these resolutions to be read at the 

 head of every regiment in the army of the United 

 States. 



Upon opening his will, it was ascertained 

 that Gen. Lyon had bequeathed his entire prop- 

 perty, $30,000, with the exception of some 

 slight bequests, to the Government, to aid in 

 the preservation of the Union. 



M 



MAINE, the easternmost State of the Ameri- 

 can Union, was admitted in 1820, previous to 

 which period it had formed a district of Massa- 

 chusetts. It is situated between latitude 42 57' 

 and 47 32' north, and longitude 66 52' and 71 

 6' west from Greenwich. Its extreme length 

 from north to south is 303 miles, and its ex- 

 treme width 212 miles. Its average length is 

 about 200 miles, and its average width 160 

 miles. Its area is 31,766 square miles, or 20,- 

 330,240 square acres. Population, in 1860, 

 628,276. It is bounded northwest and north 

 by Canada, east by New Brunswick, southeast 

 and south by the Atlantic Ocean, and west by 

 New Hampshire. It is divided into 16 coun- 

 ties. The valuation of the real and personal 

 property of its citizens in 1850 was $122,777,- 

 571 ; in 1860, $190,211,600. 



The following are some of the agricultural 

 statistics of the State, from the census of 1860. 

 The number of acres under cultivation was 

 2,677,136 ; value of cultivated lands, $78,688,- 

 525 ; value of stock, $15,437,380 ; tons of hay 

 raised, 975,686 ; bushels of potatoes, 6,274,617 ; 

 'corn, 1,546,071 ; pounds of wool, 1,495,063 ; 

 maple sugar, 306,942 ; butter, 11,687,784 ; 

 value of orchard products, $501,757. Number of 

 vessels built in 1860, 172 ; tonnage, 57,867 tons, 

 or more than one-fourth of the whole tonnage 

 of vessels built in the United States that year. 



There are 79 banks in the State, with an 

 aggregate capital of $7,968,850. These banks 

 have a circulation of $4,075,433 ; liabilities, 

 $7,338,846; loans and discounts, $12,540,367; 

 specie, $724,036. There are also in the State 

 14 savings institutions, which have an aggre- 

 gate deposit of $1,620,270. 



The State debt, at the beginning of 1861, was 

 about $1,172,000; and in addition to other 

 property, it held 3,190,000 acres of public 

 lands. The permanent school fund was about 

 $150,000, to be increased by the sale of 487,567 

 acres of reserved lands, 20 per cent, on all sub- 

 sequent sales of unsold public lands, and $30,000 

 in notes for school lands already sold. About 

 $113,000 are appropriated annually for educa- 

 tional purposes by the Legislature, and the towns 

 are obliged to raise by tax for school purposes a 

 sum equal to 60 cents for each inhabitant. 



Maine had, on the 1st of January, 1862, 640 



miles of railway completed, or in course of con- 

 struction ; of which 450 miles, constructed and 

 equipped at a cost of $16,901,057, were open for 

 traffic. During the session of the Legislature 

 in 1861, measures were taken to promote the 

 completion of a line of railroad, of which con- 

 siderable sections were already built, connect- 

 ing by a continuous line Portland, Maine, with 

 Halifax, Nova Scotia, with a branch line to the 

 Aroostook at Hamilton, Maine. This great in- 

 ternational undertaking was projected and fairly 

 set in motion, some years ago, at the Portland 

 Convention. The entire distance from Port- 

 land to Halifax is 562 miles ; of this 238 miles 

 lie in Maine, 200 miles in New Brunswick, and 

 124 miles in Nova Scotia. Of this line 138 

 miles are built in Maine from Bangor, 160 

 miles in New Brunswick from St. John to She- 

 diac, on the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 61 miles 

 in Nova Scotia from Halifax, northward, to 

 Truro. For more than half the distance, there- 

 fore, the line is already completed. The prov- 

 inces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia built 

 their sections as public provincial works, at the 

 expense of their governments, and were ready 

 to complete their entire portions on being as- 

 sured of the readiness of Maine to complete 

 its section to the boundary. 



The Governor strongly urged on the Legisla- 

 ture the duty of completing their share of the 

 work ; but as the Constitution of Maine pro- 

 hibited the creation of a State debt, or a loan 

 of credit, except for national defence, he advised 

 them to apply the proceeds of the State lands, 

 and of the claims of Maine on the United States 

 Government, to this object. 



After much debate, a bill was passed grant- 

 ing the proceeds of one million of acres of land, 

 and the claims of Maine on the Government of 

 the United States, towards the completion of 

 the work. 



In view of the secession and threatened seces- 

 sion of several States from the United States 

 Government, the Legislature passed, on the 

 16th of January, 1861, by a large majority, the 

 following joint resolutions : 



Whereas, By advices received from Washington, 

 and by information received in many other ways, it 

 appears that an extensive combination exists of evil- 

 disposed persons to effect the dissolution of the Fed- 



