NEW JERSEY. 



NEW YOKE. 



517 



:it, but seven members of the House were 

 absent. 



The Governor's Message was received and 

 read. He recommended a loan of $2,000,000 

 at 7 per cent., and a State tax of $100,000 ; 

 also the repair of State arms, the purchase of 

 10,000 stand of arras, field-pieces and munitions, 

 also the raising of four regiments for State 

 service, to be held subject to the call of 'the 

 General Government ; also provision for the de- 

 fence of the southern part of the State by forti- 

 fied posts or an intrenched camp. 



The Legislature immediately proceeded to 

 work and. having completed their business, ad- 

 journed May 10. The bills passed were to 

 authorize the four regiments for State service, 

 asked for by the Governor ; an act appropriat- 

 ing to the families of married volunteers $6 a 

 month, and to unmarried volunteers $4 a 

 month ; to authorize the city of Newark to bor- 

 row money to aid the families of volunteers mus- 

 tered into the service of the United States ; simi- 

 larbills for Trenton, Jersey City. Rahway. Cam- 

 den, and Bordentown ; also to authorize a loan 

 of $2,000,000 and a State tax of $100,000 ; (the 

 bonds were to be of the denomination of $1,000, 

 $5,000, and $10,000, bearing 6 per cent, in- 

 terest, payable semi-annually, and exempt from 

 taxation. They are reimbursable to the 

 amount of $100.000 in January of each year 

 from 1865 to 1869, and issued of the denomina- 

 tion and time of payment, as far as practicable, 

 to suit the purchasers.) Bills were also passed, 

 as requested by the Governor, authorizing the 

 purchase of 10,000 stand of arms, artillery, and 

 munitions of war, and equalizing the military 

 divisions of the State. 



Resolutions thanking the Governor for the 

 energy and activity he had displayed in raising 

 the quota of troops for the State, pledging 

 New Jersey to use all her power to maintain 

 the Cnion and Constitution, and thanking the 

 President for the energy displayed hi defence 

 of the Union, passed the Senate by a unanimous 

 vote, and also passed the House. 



The mustering of troops, and the issuing of 

 contracts for the supplies now proceeded with 

 the utmost vigor. 



The dulness of business, and the large pay 

 of the soldiers stimulated patriotism, and vol- 

 unteers were offered in large numbers. 



Gov. Olden issued a proclamation, command- 

 ing all persons holding oifioial positions, and all 

 citizens of the State, to be on the alert " for 

 the detection of any violation of the laws against 

 treason or misprision of treason, and to take 

 measures to bring to justice any person who 

 shall be concerned in enlisting men, or provid- 

 ing arms or munitions for the enemy. 



There remained in the service at the close of 

 the year eight regiments of infantry, one of 

 riflemen, and two artillery companies, number- 

 ing 9,850 men holding their organization from 

 the State : and two regiments, one of cavalry 

 and one of infantry, raised independently of it. 

 These, with those who have joined military or- 



ganizations in other States, show a total of at 

 least 17,000 Jerseymen enlisted in the cause of 

 the Union. 



The amount expended in equipping the 13 

 regiments furnished for the war is $665,303.81. 

 Of this there was expended in the first requi- 

 sition for four regiments of militia three- 

 months men $167,817.21. On the second 

 requisition for three regiments for the war 

 $170,015.40, and on the third requisition, also 

 for three-years regiments $318,417.20. Be- 

 sides this, the State has furnished extra cloth- 

 ing to her men, amounting to $18,914.09 mak- 

 ing the total $685,217.90. The amount is less 

 than is allowed by the Government contracts 

 by $30,000. 



"NEWPORT NEWS is a postal village in 

 Warwick County, Virginia. It is near the 

 mouth of James River, and about ten miles 

 from Fortress Monroe. On the 27th of May an 

 intrenched camp, consisting of twenty-five 

 hundred men, was formed there. One object 

 was to command Sand Island, which is about 

 midway iu, and completely guards the entrance 

 to James River. This camp was quietly occu- 

 pied throughout the year by a considerable 

 force of Federal troops. 



NEW YORK, one of the Middle States of the 

 Union, and the most populous, is bounded on 

 the north by Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence 

 and Canada East ; on the east by Vermont, 

 Massachusetts, and Connecticut ; on the south 

 by the Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey, and Penn- 

 sylvania ; west by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, 

 and Niagara River. Its extreme length from 

 east to west is about 335 miles, and its great- 

 est breadth from north to south about 308 

 miles, containing an area of 47,000 square 

 miles. The population in 1860 was 3,838,457 

 whites, 49,085 free colored; total, 3,887,542. 

 The increase in the white population during the 

 previous ten years was 25.69 per cent. (See 

 NEW AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA.) 



The situation of the State of New York in 

 respect of the Western States, has had a great 

 influence upon its prosperity. With the com- 

 pletion, in the year 1824, of the Erie Canal, which 

 opened the navigation of the lakes to tide wa- 

 ter, a great impetus was given to the trade of 

 the cities. The competition of the rich lands 

 of the west with those of the river counties 

 caused a migration to the more fertile sections 

 of the Genesee valley and the west, and im- 

 proved the aggregate wealth of the State 

 through a greater yield for the same amount of 

 labor bestowed. As the States that border the 

 great western waters began to develop their 

 resources, and pour upon the bosom of the 

 lakes their annually increasing produce, the 

 prosperity of New York received a new im- 

 pulse, and its wealth accumulated more rapidly. 

 The construction of the great lines of railroads, 

 the Erie and the Central, was followed by a 

 more rapid increase of population and of wealth. 

 This is manifest in the taxable valuations for 

 each county in 1846, when the through lines 



