524 



NEW YOKE. 



NEW YORK CITY. 



still in the State, an available force of 103,307 

 is shown. 



It was estimated that, in addition to the fore- 

 going aggregate, at least 2,500 men were drawn 

 from New York and mustered into organizations 

 not enumerated above. 



This force was scattered over nine States, in 

 43 different brigades, and under 12 generals of 

 division. 



The New York troops have taken part in 

 every engagement on land during the year, east 

 of the Alleghanies and south of Washington. 

 They have enriched the soil of six States with 

 their blood. 



To aid the immense work of organizing and 

 forwarding the troops, General Wool moved his 

 head-quarters, April 21, from Troy to the Astor 

 House. On the 28th of April he was peremp- 

 torily ordered back to Troy, on the singular 

 plea of his infirmities, although he held official 

 command at Fortress Monroe long afterwards. 



May 8, Gen. J. A. Dix was appointed ma- 

 jor-general, and May 15 James S. Wadsworth, 

 of Genesee, was appointed major-general a 

 gentleman of large wealth, great public spirit 

 and energy, but without military experience. 

 He had been, in July, 1860, tendered the nom- 

 ination as Governor of New York, but declined 

 in favor of Governor Morgan, and he was made 

 one of the two major-generals of New York. 



At the close of the year it became apparent, 

 that, although all the States had been very 

 active in mustering troops into the service of 

 the Government, the means of payment must 

 come from New York. In making requisitions 

 for the men, the calls were necessarily propor- 

 tioned to the population or number of fighting 

 men in each State. In this number are com- 

 prised all between the ages of 18 and 45. The 

 census compiled at Washington furnished the 

 number of the people, and also the number of 

 those of the military age. If the whole is com- 

 pared with the number in service reported by 

 the Secretary of War, the result is as follows : 



Population. 



New York 3,887,542 



Other States north 15,435,138 



Total 19,322,680 3,800,000 640,637 



This levy is a very large one, no less than 

 every sixth able-bodied man. The mustering 

 of men was, however, but a small part of the 

 undertaking, since it is very evident, where the 

 population is composed in great numbers of 

 mechanics and manufacturers, who are thrown 

 out of employment by the fact of war, that to 

 employ these is a great advantage, and no real 

 hardship beyond the cost of blood. The pay in 

 the army, $13 per month, in addition to the al- 

 lowance to families, and other provisions by 

 States, towns, and counties, was such as to 

 make it a change for the better in a pecuniary 

 sense for a considerable number of the men. In 

 some cases, the pay over rations amounted to 

 more than $20 per month. It is evident, that 

 where a State has a large number of men in the 

 field, drawing pay from the Federal Govern- 



18 45 

 766.344 

 3,033,656 



113,027 

 527,610 



ment, which pay is remitted to the families and 

 friends, that it becomes a source of wealth, al- 

 though not so beneficial as when those persons 

 are actually producing wealth at home. The 

 great question was the means of payment. Who 

 was to advance the money to pay all these 

 troops? these $2,000,000 per day estimated by 

 the department? At the close of the year the 

 Secretary reported that he had borrowed in 

 the course of the year : 



I.on i : s $260,000,000 



Advanced by JS ew York 210,000,000 



Without this advance of the capitalists of 

 New York, there had been no movements of 

 troops or purchase of arms. The perils of the 

 operation were well appreciated. Foreign cap- 

 italists withdrew their confidence on the ground 

 that the future payment of the debt was doubt- 

 ful. If, said they, the Union is dissolved, who is 

 to pay ? If it is restored, will the ten millions 

 southern and the eight millions western farmers 

 vote to tax themselves and their children for- 

 ever to repay this money to certain capitalists ? 



Boston reduced the quota of its advance from 

 30 to 20 per cent. New York had no doubts or 

 hesitation. Its devotion was superior to all, 

 and it took not only its own, but that which 

 Boston had rejected. 



On the 14th of October, the nation was 

 startled and surprised at the receipt of a cir- 

 cular from the Secretary of State, advising the 

 placing of New York in a state of defence against 

 foreign enemies. Governor Morgan immediate- 

 ly responded, and was referred to the Chief of 

 Engineers, with whom a correspondence on the 

 subject was opened. 



In October, the Bark Helen Augusta sailed 

 from New York for Hayti with 113 black 

 emigrants, of whom one half had been born 

 in the States. Their object was to become 

 cotton cultivators there. 



The Fall elections of the State of New York 

 presented no very animated feeling. The one 

 absorbing sentiment of the public was in relation 

 to the war, in the prosecution of which there 

 was no division bf opinion. But the public dis- 

 pleasure was manifest against the most demon- 

 strative of those who opposed all settlement. 



The vote for State officers was as follows in 

 November, 1861 : 



NEW YORK CITY. The city of New York, 

 which mainly through its geographical position 

 has become the metropolis of the country, has 

 risen to be the first city of the New World, and 

 has developed a growth more rapid than even 



