556 



OHIO. 



Dee. 14. ALBERT, PRINCE. (See ALBERT.) 



Dec. . LACORDAIRE, JEAN BAPTISTE HEN- 

 RI. (See LACORDAIRE.) 



Dec. . KILLALOE, Right Rev. LTTDLOW 

 TONSOU, D. D., Bishop of, born at Lisnegar, 

 Rathcormac, 1784; graduated at Trinity Col- 

 lege, Cambridge, 1805 ; consecrated 1837 ; in 

 1848, succeeded his elder brother in the barony 

 of Riversdale, an Irish peerage originally con- 

 ferred on William Tonson, M. P. 



OHIO. One of the Western States, formed 

 out of the northwestern territory ceded by 

 Virginia, was admitted to the Union in 1802, 

 is bounded on the north by Michigan and Lake 

 Erie, on the east by Pennsylvania and Virginia, 

 south by Virginia and Kentucky, from which 

 it is separated, by the Ohio River, and west by 

 Indiana. It is about two hundred miles in 

 length from north to south, and one hundred 

 and ninety -five in extreme width from east to 

 west The population in 1860 was, 2,303,374 

 whites, and 36,225 free colored. The ratio of 

 increase during the previous ten years had been 

 17.82 white and 43.30 colored. The vote for 

 President in 1860 was for Lincoln 231,610; 

 Douglas, 187,232; Breckinridge 11,405; Bell 

 12,194. The Governor of the State is elected 

 for two years. The Senate consists of thirty- 

 five members, and the House of one hundred, 

 each elected for two years. The Legislature 

 'meets biennially, at Columbus, 1862, 1864, &c., 

 on the first Monday of January. The compo- 

 sition of the last Legislature was : Senate, 25 

 Republicans, 10 Democrats ; House, 58 Repub- 

 licans, 46 Democrats, 1 Independent. The 

 United States Senators are Benjamin Wade, a 

 native of Massachusetts, whose term expires 

 March 4, 1863, and John Sherman, elected in 

 place of Mr. Chase, who became Secretary of 

 the Treasury. Mr. Sherman's term expires 

 March 4, 1867. 



Gov. Tod succeeded Gov. Dennison, whose 

 term expired Jan. 1862. The Legislature met 

 on the first Monday of Jan. 1861, amidst the 

 generally pervading excitement growing out of 

 the state of the Union. The Message of Gov. 

 Dennison explained, at some length, the course 

 he had pursued in refusing to surrender, on 

 the requisition of the Governors of Kentucky 

 and Tennessee, the persons accused of aiding the 

 escape of fugitive slaves. He denied the right 

 of secession as a general principle, and affirmed 

 the loyalty of Ohio to the Union. He sug- 

 gested the repeal of the obnoxious features of 

 the fugitive slave law, and that the repeal of 

 any personal liberty bills subversive of the fu- 

 gitive law would thus be secured ; but, at the 

 same time, he said " the Southern States should 

 repeal their laws in contravention of the con- 

 stitutional rights of citizens of free States, who 

 cannot be satisfied with less, and who will in- 

 sist upon their constitutional rights in every 

 State and Territory of this Confederacy. These 

 they cheerfully accord to citizens of the South- 

 ern States. Determined to do no wrong, they 

 will not contentedly submit to any wrong. 



They demand the employment of all the con- 

 stitutional powers of the Federal Government 

 to maintain and preserve the Union." 



The allusion to the " constitutional rights of 

 citizens of free States " meant that the South 

 should recognize " free blacks " as citizens of 

 the United States, although, according to the 

 Constitution, as expounded by the Supreme 

 Court, and the practice of the Government 

 since its formation, colored persons are not cit- 

 izens of the United States. The State of Ohio 

 itself had uniformly acted on the same prin- 

 ciple. At the formation of the State Govern- 

 ment, laws were enacted forbidding blacks to 

 come into the State, and imposing fines and 

 penalties upon their introduction. These laws 

 were only repealed in 1849. Indiana and Illi- 

 nois still have such laws, and in 1854 the U. S. 

 Court decided that blacks are not citizens of 

 the United States. The Ohio laws do not now 

 recognize them as citizens, since the militia 

 and other laws passed at the last session, all ap- 

 ply to white males only. 



The Legislature, on Jan. 12, 1861, passed a 

 series of joint resolutions, of which the follow- 

 ing is a synopsis : 



1st. The people of Ohio believe that the preservation 

 of this Government is essential to the peace, prosper- 

 ity, and safety of the American people. 



2d. The General Government cannot permit the se- 

 cession of any State without violating the bond and 

 compact of Union. 



3d. The power of the National Government must be 

 maintained, and the laws of Congress enforced in the 

 States and Territories, until their repeal by Congress, 

 or they are adjudged to be unconstitutional hy the 

 proper tribunal. All attempts by State authority to 

 nullify the Constitution and laws of Congress, or resist 

 their execution, are destructive of the wisest govern- 

 ment in the world. 



4th. The people of Ohio are opposed to meddling 

 with the internal affairs of other States. 



5th. The people of Ohio will fulfil in good faith all 

 their obligations under the Constitution of the United 

 States, according to their spirit. 



6th. Certain offensive laws in some of the States are 

 rendered inefficient by the Constitution and laws of 

 the Federal Government, which guarantee to the 

 citizens of each State the privileges and immunities 

 of the several States. The several State Governments 

 should repeal these offensive laws, and thus restore 

 confidence between the States. 



Vth. All Union men condemn the secession ordi- 

 nances. 



8th. The power and resources of Ohio are pledged 

 to the maintenance of the civil authority, Constitution, 

 and laws of the General Government. 



9th. Copies of these resolutions shall be furnished 

 to the Senators and Representatives of both Houses of 

 Congress. 



On the 14th the Legislature passed the fol- 

 lowing : 



Resolved, That we hail with joy the firm, dignified, 

 and' patriotic Message of the President, and pledge the 

 entire power and resources of the State for a strict 

 maintenance of the Constitution and laws by the Gen- 

 eral Government, by whomsoever administered. 



On March 21st a resolution, requesting Con- 

 gress to call a National Convention, passed both 

 Houses of the Legislature. 



On April 10th about 30 boxes of arms and 

 accoutrements of various kinds, in transit to 



