PENNSYLVANIA. 



569 



vote of the State at the presidential elec- 

 tion in 185'- was: Fremont 148,272; Buchanan, 

 230,772 ; Fillmore, 82,202. In 1860 the vote 

 Lincoln, 268,030; Douglas, 16,765; Breck- 

 inridge. 178,871; Bell, 12,776. 



In mineral wealth, especially coal and iron, 

 Pennsylvania is the first State in the Union. 

 (See ANTHRACITE.) In manufactures she ranks 

 among the first States of the Union, and in 

 agriculture and commerce, internal improve- 

 ments and public institutions, she holds an 

 equally prominent position. (See NEW AMERI- 

 CAN CYCLOPEDIA.) The Governor is elected by 

 the people for three years. Andrew G. Cur- 

 tin was inaugurated as Governor on January 

 15. 1861. The Senate consists of thirty-three 

 members elected for three years, and the House 

 of ^Representatives of one hundred members 

 elected annually. 



The Governor upon his inauguration deliv- 

 ered an address, in which he stated his view of 

 the affairs of the nation. He pledged himself 

 to stand between the Constitution and all en- 

 croachments instigated by hatred, ambition, 

 fanaticism, or folly. He said the election of the 

 President had been made a pretext for disturb- 

 ing the peace of the country by wresting from 

 "ic Federal Government the powers which the 

 eople conferred on it when the Constitution -was 

 lopted. There had been nothing in the life or 

 acts of Mr. Lincoln to warrant the excitement. 

 Blinded in their judgment, a part of the people 

 were precipitating themselves into a revolution. 



He proposed the repeal of the personal lib- 

 erty bill, if it contravened any Federal law. and 

 said : " It is the first duty of the Federal Gov- 

 ernment to stay the progress of anarchy, enforce 

 the laws, and Pennsylvania will give it a united, 

 honest, and faithful support. The people mean 

 to preserve the Union at every hazard." 



On the 17th of January, the House passed a 

 series of resolutions approbatory of the course 

 of Major Anderson, and Governor Hicks of 

 Maryland, and pledging to Maryland the fel- 

 lowship and support of Pennsylvania. 



As early as the 24th of January the Legisla- 

 ture adopted the following resolutions relative 

 to the maintenance of the Constitution and the 

 Union : 



W7:(rtas a convention of delegates assembled in the 

 city of Charleston, in the State of South Carolina, did, 

 on the 20th day of December, in the year of pur Lord 

 1860, adopt an ordinance, entitled " An ordinance to 

 dissolve the Union between the State of South Caro- 

 lina and other States united with her under the com- 

 pact entitled ' The Constitution of the United States 

 of America.' " 



1. Revolted, That if the rights of the people of South 

 Carolina under this Constitution are disregarded, their 

 tranquillity disturbed, their prosperity retarded, or 

 their liberties imperilled, by the people of any other 

 State, full and adequate redress can, and ought to be, 

 provided for such grievances through the action of 

 Congress, and other proper departments of the Na- 

 tional Government. 



2. Rsohed, That the people of Pennsylvania enter- 

 tain and desire to cherish the most fraternal sentiments 

 for their brethren of other States, and are ready now, 

 as they have ever been, to cooperate in all measures 



needful for their welfare, security, and happiness, 

 under the Constitution which makes us one people. 

 That while they cannot surrender their love of liberty 

 inherited from the founders of their State, sealed with 

 the blood of the Revolution, and witnessed in the 

 history of their legislation ; and while they claim the 

 observance of all their rights under the Constitution, 

 they nevertheless maintain, now, as they have ever 

 done, the constitutional rights of the people of the 

 slaveholding States, to the uninterrupted enjoyment of 

 their own domestic institutions. 



3. I&soked, That we adopt the sentiment and lan- 

 guage of President Andrew Jackson, expressed in his 

 Message to Congress, on the 16th day of January, 1833 : 

 " That the right of the people of a single State to ab- 

 solve themselves at will, and without the consent of 

 the other States, from their most solemn obligations, 

 and hazard the liberties and happiness of the millions 

 composing this Union, cannot be acknowledged ; and 

 that such authority is utterly repugnant both to the 

 principles upon wh'ich the General Government is con- 

 stituted, and the objects which it was expressly form- 

 ed to attain." 



4. Btsolted, That the Constitution of the United 

 States of America contains all the powers necessary 

 to the maintenance of its authority, and it is the solemn 

 and most imperative duty of the Government to 

 adopt and carry into effect whatever measures may be 

 necessary to that end ; and the faith and the power of 

 Pennsylvania are hereby pledged to the support of 

 such measures, in any manner and to any extent that 

 may be required of her by the constituted authorities 

 of the United States. 



5. Jiegoh-ed, That all plots, conspiracies, and warlike 

 demonstrations against the United States, in any sec- 

 tion of the country, are treasonable in their character; 

 and whatever power of the Government is necessary 

 to their suppression, should be applied to that purpose 

 without hesitation or delay. 



However the people of the State had been 

 divided heretofore, in reference to political par- 

 ties, they were unanimous in favor of the Union, 

 the observance of the Constitntion, and the en- 

 forcement of the laws. In Philadelphia a large 

 public meeting was convened at this time, at 

 which persons of all parties were present. Ma- 

 jor Anderson had then just removed from Fort 

 Moultrie, in Charleston Harbor, to Fort Sumter 

 with his garrison. This meeting approved his 

 conduct with a unanimous voice. In other parts 

 of the State similar demonstrations were of al- 

 most daily occurrence. Nevertheless, so long as 

 the people of the Southern States did not violate 

 the laws, they had many sympathizing friends 

 in Pennsylvania; but the seizure of Federal 

 property and the open defiance of the Constitu- 

 tion -was a shock to those friendly sympathies. 

 The progress of affairs, however, was watched 

 with intense interest. On the 9th of April the 

 Governor sent a Message to the Legislature 

 recommending, in view of the condition of na- 

 tional affairs, that measures be immediately 

 adopted for remedying existing defects in 

 the militia system of Pennsylvania. With a 

 view to effecting this object he suggested that 

 a military bureau be established at Harrisburg, 

 that the militia laws be modified, and that a 

 proper distribution of suitable arms be made 

 to such citizens as should attach themselves to 

 volunteer companies in the State. 



Some of his views on the subject were thus 

 expressed : 



kt The militia system of the State, during a 



