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TERRITORIES. 



TEXAS. 



Running Waters, and the Turtle Hill River fol- 

 lowing this last to the Rocky Mountains, which 

 form the western boundary. The Indian title 

 is extinguished to 14,000,000 acres, and a land 

 office opened at Yankton. The territory is 

 drained by the Missouri River on the south, 

 and by the Red River of the North emptying 

 into Hudson Bay ; possessing, for the most part, 

 a fine healthy climate and good soil; it was 

 first settled on the north by emigrants in the 

 employ of the Hudson Bay Company, and is 

 now peopled from the Northern and Western 

 States. Capital, YANKTOX. The population in 

 1860 was 4,839 whites, and a large number of 

 Indians of different tribes. In this territory 

 the buffalo and other wild animals are found 

 in great abundance. 



The Colorado Territory \vas organized by 

 act of Congress, Feb. 28, 1861. It was formed 

 of 47,657,600 acres, formerly included in the| 

 territories of Utah and Kansas, and 10,262,400 

 acres in that of Nebraska, and 8,960,000 acres 

 formerly in New Mexican territory ; making an 

 area of 66,880,000 acres, or 104,500 square miles. 

 By a treaty with the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, 

 made Feb. 1861, but not yet ratified, about one 

 third of the area of Colorado situated north of 

 the Arkansas River and east of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains was ceded to the United States. The min- 

 ing attractions of Pike's Peak, included in the 

 territory, had produced numerous settlements 

 on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, 

 and in May, 1861, the land office was opened 

 at Denver City, and surveys were commenced. 

 The name Idahoe, or "Gem of the Mountains," 

 was originally proposed for the territory, from 

 reference to Pike's Peak. The boundaries of the 

 territory are: north, the 41st degree N. lat. ; 

 south, 37th degree N. lat. ; east, 25th meridian 

 of longitude ; west, 32d meridian of longitude. 

 The population of the territory in 1860 was 

 34,197, together with many tribes of Indians. 

 The climate is very healthy and the soil fertile. 

 It is remarkable as a grazing country. The 

 timber in the mountains is plentiful, and coal 

 and other minerals very abundant, including 

 gold and silver. 



The Nevada Territory, organized March 2, 

 1861, is mostly conspicuous for the possession 

 of the famous Washoe silver mines. Its bound- 

 aries are: north, the 42d degree of latitude; 

 east, the 39th meridian of longitude; south, 

 New Mexico ; west, the dividing ridge separating 

 the waters of Carson's Valley from those that 

 flow into the Pacific. This area embraces 64,- 

 550 square miles, or 41,312,000 acres, formerly 

 a portion of Utah, and includes a strip of about 

 10,000 square miles from the eastern end of 

 California, if that State consents. The surveyor 

 opened his office in Carson City. Some surveys 

 had been made under the authority of Utah, 

 and some depredations were made by persons 

 claiming under those surveys. The Washoe 

 valley is 15 miles long by 5 wide, and contains 

 numerous settlers. The surveyor-general re- 

 ports the population in 1861 at 17,000, mostly 



in the mining regions, the resources of which 

 are being very rapidly developed. The supply 

 of silver from Washoe at the United States 

 mint was in 1861 $213,420. 



The projected Territory of Arizona may em- 

 brace all the territory obtained from Mexico 

 east of the Colorado and its affluent, the Virgin 

 River, and west of the 108th meridian ; on the 

 north, the parallel 36 30' separates it from 

 Utah, and on the south is the Mexican border. 

 The area is estimated at 200,000 square miles, 

 and the population about 8,000 Mexicans. The 

 mineral wealth is very great, but only $12,260 

 reached the United States mint in 1861 from 

 Arizona. 



The territory lying between Nebraska, Da- 

 kotah, the Rocky Mountains and the British 

 dominions, having an area of 130,000 square 

 miles, and a population of about 8,000, it is 

 proposed to call Chippewa. 



TEXAS is, with the exception of Florida, 

 the most southern portion of the United States. 

 It is bounded on the north by New Mexico, 

 Indian Territory, and Arkansas; on the east 

 by Arkansas and Louisiana ; on the southeast 

 by the Gulf of Mexico ; and on the southwest 

 and west by Mexico and New Mexico. Its area 

 of territory is nearly six times that of the State 

 of Pennsylvania. Formerly a part of Mexico, 

 afterwards an independent State, it became one 

 of the United States in 1846 reserving the 

 right to be divided into five States. By the 

 Compromise Act of 1850 the boundaries of the 

 State were somewhat modified, she conceding 

 to New Mexico a portion of her northern terri- 

 tory, in consideration of ten millions of dollars 

 to be paid by the United States. 



The Governor is elected for two years. Tho 

 Senate consists of twenty-one members, elected 

 for four years ; and the House of sixty-six mem- 

 bers, elected for two years. The Legislature 

 meets biennially in December. 



The population, in 18GO, was 421,411 whites, 

 339 free colored, 180,682 slaves. Total. 602,432. 



The secession sentiment, which manifested it- 

 self immediately after the election in November, 

 was neither strong nor unanimous. It existed 

 more through the inactivity and indecision of 

 those inclined to the Union. In some parts of 

 the State distant from the Gulf, it was almost 

 unknown. Even in Austin, the capital, a coun- 

 ter demonstration was made as early as the 17th 

 of December. Several young men, tired of the 

 display of the Lone Star, and the overbearing 

 course of the secessionists, drove through the 

 city with national flags displayed from their 

 carriages. This struck the chord in favor of 

 the "Star-Spangled Banner," and they were 

 vociferously cheered. The spirit, once awak- 

 ened, received volume, and on the night of the 

 17th December Governor Houston and F. M. 

 White, Commissioner of the General Land 

 Office, were serenaded by a procession of five 

 hundred people. They both responded in en- 

 thusiastic Union speeches. On the 23d De- 

 cember, the largest meeting ever held at the 



