726 



VERMONT. 



Brigadier-General Frederick W. Lander was 

 a native of Massachusetts, born about 1820. 

 He was for some years connected with the 

 overland route to California ; acted as second 

 of Hon* E. F. Potter in the threatened Pry or 

 and Potter duel ; was appointed colonel of a 

 regiment in Western Virginia early in the war, 

 and distinguished himself by his brilliant dashes 

 at the enemy ; captured Philippi in June, 1861 ; 

 was made brigadier-general for services at Rich 

 Mountain ; was wounded at the battle of Ball's 

 Bluff, October 21, 1861; drove the Confeder- 

 ates from Romney -in February ; died from 

 congestion of the brain, and the results of his 

 wound, March 2, 1862. 



Flag-officer Andrew H. Foote is a native of 

 Connecticut, born in 1807, a son of the late 

 Governor Samuel A. Foote ; entered the navy 

 in 1822 as midshipman, and has advanced 

 through all the grades to the highest ; serving 

 in the East Indies, where he routed the pirates ; 

 on the coast of Africa, where he made the slave 

 trade unsafe ; and on the coast of China, where 

 he maintained the rights of American citizens 

 and the honor of their flag. At the commence- 

 ment of the war, he succeeded Commodore 

 Breese in command of the Brooklyn Navy 

 Yard, and in the fall of 1861 was assigned to 

 the command of the Mississippi River squadron, 

 captured Fort Henry, and aided in the capture 

 of Fort Donelson, where he was severely wound- 

 ed. In conjunction with Gen. Pope, he took 

 .Island Number Ten after twenty-three days' 

 siege, and subsequently besieged Fort Wright 

 on the Mississippi. 



Flag-officer Samuel F. Dupont is a native of 

 New Jersey, born about 1802. He entered the 

 navy in 1815 ; served with great distinction 

 under Commodore Shubrick in California ; with 

 one hundred men defeated and routed five hun- 

 dred Mexicans ; and commanded the Minnesota 

 on the China station in 1858-'9 with great suc- 

 cess. He was appointed commander of the Phil- 

 adelphia Navy Yard in 1859, and flag-officer of 

 the Port Royal expedition in 1861. 



Brigadier-General Egbert L. Viele was born in 

 Saratoga County, New York, in 1825. He gradu- 

 ated at West Point, 1846 ; served in the Mexi- 

 can war ; for several years has pursued his pro- 

 fession of civil engineer in New York, and was 



chief engineer npon the Central Park. In 1843 

 he was appointed chief engineer of the State of 

 New Jersey ; and was made brigadier-general 

 of volunteers, August, 1861. 



Brigadier-General Thomas Francis Meagher 

 is a native of Ireland, born about 1818. He was 

 distinguished as a lawyer for his eloquence; 

 took part in the Irish rebellion in 1848 ; was 

 banished by the English Government to Aus- 

 tralia in 1849 ; but made his escape to Califor- 

 nia in 1853, and attained distinction there as 

 an advocate and orator. He joined the Sixty- 

 ninth (Irish) Regiment of Colonel Corcoran as 

 captain, and was promoted to be major ; was in 

 the battle of Bull Run ; aided in organizing the 

 Irish brigade from New York ; was appointed 

 colonel, and subsequently brigadier-general; 

 and is now in service with his brigade in the 

 army of the Potomac. 



Brigadier-General James A. Mulligan was born 

 in the city of Utica, New York, in 1829, of Irish 

 parents. He was educated at the Catholic college 

 of North Chicago; studied law in 1852-54; 

 edited the Western Tablet in Chicago ; admitted 

 to the bar in 1856 ; clerk in Department of the 

 Interior, Washington, 1857; captain of Shields' 

 Guards, Chicago, 1859-61 ; colonel of the "Irish 

 Brigade," Chicago, in June, 1861 ; defended 

 Lexington, Missouri, for three days against a 

 force five times his own, and finally surren- 

 dered with the honors of war. 



Major-General Franz Siegel was born in the 

 Grand Duchy of Baden, in 1824. He was edu- 

 cated in the military school of Carlsrnhe, became 

 chief adjutant in the Baden army in 1847, and 

 was considered the best artillerist in Germany. 

 In the revolution of 1848 he became eom- 

 mander-in- chief of the Revolutionary army, but 

 was overpowered by the immense army of the 

 Austrians and Prussians, and emigrated to this 

 country. He was colonel of a German regi- 

 ment in New York, professor of military sci- 

 ence in St. Louis, colonel and acting briga- 

 dier-general nnder Lyon, made a successful 

 retreat after the battle of Wilson's Creek, was 

 present in a three days' fight at Pea Ridge, 

 Arkansas, February, 1862 ; received a vote 

 of thanks from Congress, and was made a 

 major-general for his bravery and skill in that 

 battle. 



V 



VERMONT, one of the New England States, 

 the first admitted under the Federal Constitu- 

 tion. It is situated between lat. 42 44' and 

 45 N., and long. 71 33' and 73 25' W., and is 

 bounded north by Lower Canada, east by New 

 Hampshire, from which the Connecticut River 

 separates it, south by Massachusetts, and west 

 by New York and Lake Cham plain, of which 

 about two-thirds lies within the State. Its area 

 is 9,056 square miles, or 5,795,960 acres. It 

 is divided into 14 counties. The population, 



according to the census of 1860, was 315,116. 

 It is eminently an agricultural State. In 1860, 

 4,995,624 acres of land were taxed, and the 

 average price at which the land was assessed 

 was over $14 per acre. A large proportion of 

 the land is better adapted to grazing than to 

 tillage, and the horses, cattle, sheep, and swine 

 of the State are of excellent quality. On the 

 1st of January, 1862, there were 576 miles of 

 railroad completed or in progress in the State, 

 of which 555 inileS) costing for construction 



