DESIGN OF STRUCTURES 215 
or distance pieces, are placed between them, as shown in Fig. 305. 
‘Separators should be placed at intervals of about 5 feet, and also where 
a concentrated load occurs on the beam. 
A joint between two lengths of joists is made 
by means of fish plates, as shown in Fig. 306, 
and if there is any bending moment where this 
joint is made, cover straps on the flanges should 
be added, as shown by the dotted lines. 
Angle connections between horizontal joists 
at right angles to one another are shown in 
Fig. 307. Angle connections between horizontal 
es .% ; Fia. 305. 
_ joists and joists used as columns are shown in 
Figs. 308 and 309. In these various connections, where the load on one 
> beam is transmitted to another, or to a column, through rivets or bolts, 
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Fig. 307. 
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care must be taken that the rivet or bolt section is sufficient to transmit 
the load. Many of these details are, however, standardised by the manu- 
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Fi4@. 308. Fig. 309. 
facturers, and provided that the standard connections are capable of 
carrying the loads which will come upon them, they should be used 
in preference to specially designed ones. 
194, Parallel Girders and Girders of Variable Depth.—Parallel 
girders, as their name implies, have their flanges parallel to one another, 
