TRKATMKNT. 



II'HLOUISTH- Tli i:\TMK.VT. 



on the seam, which, tu Ui gwwrJily of mankind, are iu.liflkr.ot, or 

 even phawrable : tin* MM person* an painfully atfccted by th* 

 III of oerUin flower* or perfumes, which an commonly ui*sild 

 agreeable, Mid an told a* tuai of sensual enjoyment. Mny anti- 

 pathies, however, are not natural, but acquired, and arise from our 

 associating certain object* with the idea of something terrible or 

 dangerous. Thus people acquire antipathies to spider*, earwig*, wasps, 

 luces. rU, and other animaU, from forming exaggerated notions 

 of their power* of harming mankind; and by encouraging such 

 aversions, they may acquire no great sensitiveness and sentence* 

 in ^Hing"^'ni these animal* by the smell, eight, or hearing, that 

 they may be aware of their pretence when other people are uncomooui 

 >f it I'l-i- :.- m.iy .icqniic aiiti|ttthie* to certain kind* of food by 

 having been surfeited with them, or by having been accustomed to 

 eat them for long period* of time, an under a medical regimen during 

 an ilium* ; or became they are made of substances which they consider 

 a* unclean, or became they are unfashionable, an being eaten by people 

 whom they think lee* refined and delicate than themselves. Thi* may 

 not (infrequently be observed in persons of narrow and feeble min<l.. 

 and more especially in childi-cn, in whom .-n.-h fanciful dislikes ought 

 t<> be carefully but not harshly corrected. See Locke'* ' Essay on the 

 Understanding,' h. ii. c. 33, f| 7 and 8.) 



Antipathy properly means, a* we defined it, a dislike of an atimutt 

 being for *ome mtiUt object. It* meaning, however, is noinetimeii 

 impro|>erly extended to inanimate In-ings ; a phraseology now nearly 

 otwolete. but which wag much tued by the ancient naturalist*, who 

 would, for example, have *aid that an alkali had an antipathy to an 

 acid, or that water hail an antipathy to oil. At other times the word 

 U restricted to animate l>eings, but i* applied to things which are not 

 objects of the senses. Thua it has been said that the mind has an 

 antipathy to certain classes of actions : by which it is meant that it is, 

 eii.lm-d with an innate faculty of distinguishing between right and 

 wrong. [MORAL SK.MSK.] 



It u sometime* stated that an/i/ti/Ay U the contrary of i/ui/>My ; 

 but this U not strictly true, at least as respect* the use of those two 

 words in modern language. Sympathy means joint tt**iliilitii, or tin- 

 feeling of pain or pleasure in consequence <>f pain or pleasure felt by 

 another sentient being. Thus a person who pitied the misfortunes of 

 another, or who felt delight in the same pursuits, amusements, or 

 studies, as another, would in either cn.se be said to syni|>athise with 

 him. S inietiuies sympathy is applied to the simultaneous irritability 

 of different parts of the l-dy ; thus one eye is said to sympathise with 

 the other, when an injury intlictcd on one is felt )>y botL 



i ll'Hl.'HiisTlc TRBATKBNT (from Mro Of**! \\.>rds, 4W1, 

 ayaintl, and q>\6ytKHt, in_'l U the means of removing or 



luMiinilifl inflammation, and of obviating its effect*. As it would U- 

 out of place here to consider fully either inflammation, or its causes, 

 we shall merely sUte that these last are, either me< -haiitca], a.- wounds, 

 bruise*, etc., or of a more general nature, as atmospheric changes 

 operating on the body from without, or altered condition* of some of 

 the organ* or function* of the body, operating within, and intbi.ii.ini:. 

 mar* or leas, the rest of the system Tin- effect* of the first set of 

 causes are, primarily, always local, but sooner or Inter become general, 

 that is, affect the whole system ; the i tli-cte of the second *et of causes 

 may be, primarily, either local or general ; but when local, having a 

 much greater tendency early to become general. The local effects seem 

 to consist in an alteration of the vital action of the part, accompanied 

 with pal*. tmHiu'i. and increased luat and mfoem. The general effects 

 are disturbance of various function*, most usually a diminution of the 

 function* of secretion, exhalation, and nutrition, or assimilation : the 

 heart Vaction, the respiration, and functions of the nervous system are 

 also affected, but in different degree* and order in different case*. The 

 change of the vital action of the part appears to |irdnee a quickened 

 movement of the M<>.. I in the extreme vessels, or capillaries, a* they 

 are termed, which are sometime* (lightly contracted, though n> 

 monly dilated, so that the blood presently begin- to m,. 

 slowly, and at length stagnate^ in the part, as we may set* in the white 



'.': 



of the eye when 



The blood, loo. in i In- neighlioiii jug capil- 



laries, seem* to incline towards the |nrt, while the large arteries leading 

 ultimately the heart, assume an increased action^ which 



The con 

 the vessels arc, the 



test inflammation be allowed to proceed, nuppumtion. ulccrali 

 other change*, and destruction of |iarts. according to the 

 ajfceted, will *n*ue. Now, abstraction of I.1.--I. though it may prevent 

 the extension of suppuration and ulcitration to part* not yet aff<- 

 rarely found effectual in cheeking the formation of (.-. . i 

 where that has len already wUblishrd. We see then the i 

 he early employment of bleeding, ami the other antipld 



and ultimatel; 



occasions greater frequency and, generally, force of pulse, 

 sequence* of these alteration* of the action of the ve 

 effusion either of some of the constituent* of the blood, a* the serum 

 or albumen, in their natural state, or their change into stilwtances not 

 found in the blood, or any other fluid of the body, in ft* healthy 

 state. The**) Income the source of further change of structure, aa 

 suppuration, uloeration, Ac., and the cause of disturbance in tl,. 

 .iis of the system, varying with the *eat of the inflammation, its 

 intensity, and other circumstances. 



The means of preventing or moderating thaw constitute collectively 

 the anUphlogistk trmtment and regimen. We shall here briefly notice 

 I, . 



-- --V,, have just stated that one of the effect* of 



inflammation i* to produce effusion of the serum or lymph of the blood 

 the extent of which depends on the quantity of blood which goe* to 

 the parts affected. The pruoesse* of inflammation, in its earlier stages 

 m y be very certainly restrained or arrested by ik.ihiUhtn g that quan 

 tity. Tlus is doiiu by attraction of blood, either lc.il or general. If 



a*. 



f we desire them to be productive ..f the greatest an 

 Che prejudice* and prevailing habits of the people at- 

 rally in direct opposition to such beneficial measure* : : 



.imiil practitioners allow their judgment to IK- ovcrl,me 1 

 nq-ortunate reque-- y of the well-intending but ign 



cl.itionx. Thus the ruin- when these measures would I. 

 moat serviceable, is allowed to pass over; and when at la-t put into 

 iractice, their good effects not being so . 

 lighly appreciated as they would W if employed at an eai 

 Indeed, at a very late stage, far from being useful, they un- d. -. . 

 iiirtful. (See the cose of a professional man men' 

 article ABSTIXKNCK.) 



Muring inflammation of shut sacs or cavities, thai 

 ivities of the body which do not communicate with d air 



and which are lined with jrrons membranes, tin- dis|x,siti,,n to , i: 

 >f much lymph, or the albumen of the blood, i* greater than to 

 cases. To prevent this, more prompt ami vigorous measures m 

 used. Modern physicians have ascertained that mercury, especially in 

 combination with opium, has a powerful iutb 



venting the effusion of lymph, but in removing it .-.m after it is 

 effused : an example of this is witnessed when, in the intl: 



. the pupil is filled up. and < 



lymph ett'u <e<l : yet this is s|ieedily removed if a sufficient quan 1 

 mercury be early introduced into the system. This, then 

 . i valuable antiphlogistic means. 



The quantity of Mood in the system, and the amount 

 of serum, may l>e greatly lessened by the use of purgative mcd 



the saline purgatives, wliich generally produce very liquid 

 motions, confuting of a large proportion of serum. These a; 

 only proper, but constitute au essential ]rt of the antiph! 



nlf. that is, such do :ie medicine-* a- 



constant feeling of sickness, without causing vomiting, 

 action of the heart, and lessen the tendency to effusion, while they 

 promote the absorption of the fluid already effused. Th. 



ly, very valuable auxiliary agents in milxluiug inllammatory 

 .!; | -, -. 



nliiv. The quantity of Mood may U- diminished, and its. 

 acrimony lessened, by inurr-uiing the perspiration . from 



the skin, which in most cases of inflammation is lessened, and in 

 altogether suppressed. By this diminution or sup pi. - i.-n of pel 

 tion, not only more M,xl is retained in the system, but al>o those salt.- 

 and acids which in a healthy state find an outlet by this channel. The 

 means of increasing | i.-i.iiati..n arc termed diaphoretics, or smi 

 These, however, seldom produce the desired effect, if there be much 

 heat of surface, that is, of the skin. This must prcviou.-lv be : 

 rated by the use of the means already stated, namely, bleeding and 

 purgatives, and also by the u 



Rrfr>;irratf. These e. .ling drinks to be Liken int., 



and cold application*, as cloths dipped in iced water, or vincg- 

 water, itself, or evaporating lot!,, us laid upon tin 



affected. The cold af<ui> i> 



temperature and procuring sleep, during which a flow of } 

 which frequently proves critical, is apt t . occur. 



It is seif-evid'ent that no g 1 can follow the use of any or all uf 



these means of lessening the quantity of Mood in the b.' K |y, if we 

 continue to supply the means of forming it as fast as we teinov, it. 

 The il'irl of the patient is. tl, might almost say thr, most 



important point in the treatment. 



Muring inflammation, as stated above, the functions of KC, 

 and exhalation, as well as of nutrition, are lc. 



|N-inl.l ; them i, therefore, no means of uon.-umin -; I tin- 



nutritious matter : lined in the blood. How i- 



nl how absurd it is, if life be rained at all. to ,.hi,h 



greatly increase this f IVrsons do not die of inanition, or from th" 

 effect* of the absolute privation of f.md. under many daj* "i wreak* 

 (see the two canes narrated under AIISTI.VKMTI, while th,,,. 



millions, die of inflammatory diseases, in a period varying f i a 



few days down to a few hours. At tin- beginning 



ftummations, then- is a failure of tl, this intimation on the 



irt of nature, ever watchful for the preservation of her w 



be slighted with impunity. Hro*.,. 



immediate stt<-nt ion t.. (I,,. ,l ,,tit\ ,~|,..u)d be lessened 



in most case* its quality changed, lii respect to the reduction of 



quantity no limit n.-.-.| I..- pla.-.-d at the commencement, as 



never be reduced too low ; but dining eonvale.<' Nation 



of it is necessary, that it may not bo iiiautlieient on tin - 



excessive on the other. Still there in much less likelihood - 



the side of deficiency, than of excess. The VUHRG]* of tl, much 



weakened, are again easily distended, and tin- infl.-ittm, . 



renewed j hence the frequency of relapse*. Dr. IWilic has recorded it 



