BAHDAQB. 



word* of the author who relate* the transaction), the Archbishop of 

 Canterbury Mid aloud : " Thus, U>ii may the condemns! Kmla of 

 thoM who hall violate or unfavourably interpret these right* be extin- 

 guished. smok*. and (Unk ;" when |Q fHM^ but the king especially, 

 snouted out " AT-VTI men." 



This, in the BngUtk phrase, wa* the ftni.j7 of the middle age*. 

 Kor WM it eoonned to >ailssi*HnsI sAirs. Ki..jr Henry III., in the 

 ninth you- of hi* reign, renewed the grant of Magna Chart*. In the 

 OOUIM of the struggle- which WM going on in the former half of the 

 loth century between the king and the baron*, other charter* of 

 liberties were granted. But for the preMrration of that which the 

 lama* knew was only extorted, the itrongeit guarantee wag required ; 

 and the king wai induced to preside at a great aenmbly of noble* and 

 prelate*, when the archbishop pronounced a lolemn sentence of excom- 

 munication against all person* of whatever degree who should vio|.,t- 

 the charter*. This was done in Westminster Moll on the 3rd day of 

 May 1253. The transaction was made matter of public record, and is 

 presented in the great collection of national documents called Rymer's 



But besides these general banning, particular persons who escaped 

 from justice or who opposed themselves to the sentence of the Church, 

 were sometimes banted or placed under a ban. In the history of 

 F,pg<ih affairs, one of the most remarkable instances of this kind is 

 the case of Ouido de Montfort. This Guido was the son of Simon de 

 Montfort, earl of Leicester, and grandson of King John. In the 

 troubles of England, in which his father lost his life, no one had been 

 more active in the king's sen-ice than Henry of Almaine, another 

 grandson of King John, and the eldest son of Richard, that king's 

 younger son, who had been elected King of the Romans. This young 

 prince, being at Viterbo in Italy, and present at a religious service in 

 one of the churches of that city, was suddenly assaulted by Guido de 

 Montfort, and slain upon the spot. A general detestation of the crime 

 was felt throughout Europe. Dante has placed the murderer in the 

 ' Inferno : ' 



" Tic In God'i boom smote 

 The heart it ill reverenced on the banks of Thames." 



The murderer escaped. Among the rumour* of the time, one was that 

 he was wandering In Norway. This man the pope placed under a ban; 

 that in, he issued a proclamation requiring that no person should pro- 

 tect, counsel, or assist him ; that no person should hold any intercourse 

 with him of any kind, except perhaps some little might be allowed for 

 the good of his soul ; that all who harboured him should fall under an 

 intmlict ; and that if any person were bound to him by any oath of 

 fidelity, he was absolved of the oath. This was promulgated through- 

 out Europe. A papal bull in which the proclamation is set forth still 

 exists among the public records in the chapter-house at Westminster. 

 A copy of it is in Rymer's ' Fcedera.' The pope uses the very expression 

 forbannimiu ; " Guidonem etiam forbannimus." 



This specie* of banning is what is meant when we read of persons or 

 cities being placed under the ban of the empire; a phrase not unfre- 

 quently occurring in writers on the affairs of Germany. Persons or 

 cities who opposed themselves to the general voice of the confederation 

 were by some public act, like those which have been described, cut off 

 from society, and deprived of rank, title, privileges, and property. 



It is manifest that out of this use of the word has sprung that 

 popular sense in which now only the word is ever heard among us, as 

 well as the Italian bandire, French bannir, and the English baniik. 



In some parts of England, before the Reformation, an inferior 

 species of banning was practised by the parish priests. " In the 

 Marches of Wales," says Tyndal in his work against the Romish 

 Church, entitled ' The Obedyenoe of a Christen Man/ 1534, " it is the 

 manner, if any man have an ox or a cow stolen, he cometh to the 

 curate and demreth him to curse the stcaler ; and he commands the 

 parish to give liim, every man, God's curse, and his ; ' God's curse 

 and mine have he,' sayeth every man in the parish." Stowe relates 

 that, in 1299, the Dean of St. Paul's accursed at Paul's Cross all tli.>-.- 

 who had searched in the church of St Martin in the Fields for a hoard 

 of gold. ('London,' in the account of Farringdon Ward within.) Tyndal 

 argues against the practice, as he does against the atoommummtory 

 power in general. Yet something like it seems to be still retained in 

 the Ommination Service of the English Church. 



In Prance the popular language has not Iwen influenced )>y this 

 application of the word ban to the same extent with the English. 

 With them the idea of j,n>Jir<ti!i. prevails over that <if i/rii'intirement, 

 and they call the public cry by which men are called to a sale 



ohandise, especially when it is done by boat of drum, a ban. In time 

 of war, a proclamation through the ranks of an army is the txm. Iti 

 Artois and Some parts of Picanly UIP public Iwll is called the ban 



'>, as Ix-ing rung to summon people to their aRscml.li. -. 



th.w win, held of the king were summon^! to attend him in his 



wan, they were the fcnw, and tenants of the secondary rank the arriere- 



ana out of thin feudal use of the term arose the expressions four 



d dan, and mWiN A ban, for a lord's bakehouse, or a lord's mill, at 



which the tenant* of a manor (as is the case in some parts of England) 



were bound to bake their bread or to grind their corn. The banlimc 



of a city is a district around it, usually, but not always, a league on all 



id**, through which the proclamation of the principal judge of the 



place has authority. A person submitting to exile i mid to keep Ut 

 ban. and he who returns home without a recall brtala hit ban. 



The French use the word a* the English do, when they speak of the 

 ban, or, as we speak and write it, the bantu of marriage. This is the 

 public proclamation which the law require* of the intention of the 

 parties named to enter into the marriage covenant, when the parties 

 intend to be married with the ritos of the church of England. The 

 law of the ancient French and of the English church is in this respect 

 the same. The proclamation must be made on three successive 

 Sundays hi the church, during the time of the celebration of public 

 worship, when it i* presumed that the whole pariah is present 



The intent of this provision is two-fold : 1. To prevent clandestine 

 marriages, and marriages between parties not free from the marriage 

 contract, parties within the prohibited degrees of kindred, minors, or 

 excommunicates; and, 2. To save the contracting parties from pre- 

 cipitancy, who by this provision are compelled to suffer some weeks to 

 pass between the consent privately given and received between them- 

 selves and the marriage. Both these objects arc of importan< 

 ought to be secured by law ; and provision is made for a due publicity 

 in all other cases of sectarian or civil marriage. The ban. or 

 may, however be dispensed with. In that case a licence is obtained 

 from some person who is authorised by the bishop of the diocese to 

 grant it, by which licence the parties are allowed to marry in the 

 church or chapel of the pariah or parochial chapelry in whi'-h i ; 

 them resides, in which marriages are wont to be celebrated, without 

 the publication of banns. The law, however, takes care to ensure the 

 objects for which the publication of banns was devised, by requiring 

 oaths to be taken by the party applying for the licence, and certificates 

 of consent of parents or guardians in the case of minors. Special 

 licences not only dispense with the publication of banns, but allow the 

 parties to marry at any convenient time or place. These are granted 

 only by the Archbishop of Canterbury, in virtue of a statute made in 

 the twenty-fifth year of Henry VIII., entitled an Act concerning 

 Peter-Pence and dispensations. It is not known when this practice 

 began, but it is undoubtedly very ancient. Some have supposed that 

 it is alluded to in a passage of Tertullian. 



BANCO. [BANK.] 



BAND, in Architecture, a flat moulding, with a vertical face slightly 

 projecting beyond the vertical or curved face of any moulding or parts 

 of an edifice to which it is attached. It is very ext< ployed 



in edifices, and is used apparently to bind parts of buildings together, 

 as in the bands which aro employed to bind the triglyphs of a Doric 

 architrave. This moulding is most frequently used in the basement 

 story of a building, where it becomes a bold and striking feature : (see 

 the published designs of Palladio, Vignola, Scamoui, and others.) It 

 i.s for the most part plain, though sometimes enriched. The term band 

 and bandelet, little band, is often applied to what is mure properly 

 speaking a fillet. The band is, however, broader in proportion than the 

 fillet. This moulding is also employed to encircle the shafts of 

 columns [CotuMW ; RCSTIOATRD WORK] ; the palace of the Luxem- 

 bourg at Paris, and the Pitti palace at Florence, present very remark- 

 able examples of banded columns. Bands were frequently employed 

 to encircle the columns of Norman, and First-pointed, and occasionally 

 the Middle-pointed styles of Gothic architecture. Yitruvius calls the 

 band tirnia nnAfaifia ; fascia is a term applied also to the flat faces of 

 the architrave. A plain band is often placed in both public and private 

 buildings, to mark the principal floors. 



BANDAGE is a term employed in surgery to designate the bands 

 or strips of cloth by which dressings are kept to wounds, separated 

 parts are brought together, blood-vessels compressed, and weak and 

 protruding parts of the body are supported and retained in their 

 natural position. Bandages are commonly composed of flannel, calico, 

 and linen cut into different shapes, according to the parts to which 

 they are applied, and the purposes for which they are required. Thus 

 the bandage often employed in fractures of the upper and lower 

 extremities, and called eighteen or many-tailed bandage, is composed 

 of a longitudinal piece of calico or linen, with transverse pieces, or tails, 

 to fold over the injured part. Another bandage resembles in shape 

 the letter T, and is called the T bandage. But the most common form 

 of bandage, and one available in almost every case, is a long strip or 

 ribbon of calico or flannel, varying in width from two to six 

 Previous to its application it is rolled together, and hence in surgical 

 language is called roller, and the application of a bandage is called 

 rolling. Of late years, ribbons of stocking-net, commonly cullc,! 

 web bandages, have been much used, and they iliarly 



adapted for the purpose, as their elasticity prevent* injurious con- 

 sequences on any sudden increase of the size of the p;ut t.. which they 

 are applied. On the same prii i.-houenr Imli \ -nilil. ( >r. intcr- 



woveii with silk and cotton, is now frequently employed in the con- 

 struction of Kindagos. 



The proper employment and management of bandages is an ex- 

 tremely important port of surgical knowledge, for after most 



.. and in m liseases and deformities, 



the assistant-i '" i required, antl on their proper application 



the successful issue of the cose frequently depends. The great 

 in the common use of the bandage is to (jive equal and uniform 

 support to the part to which it i.t applied, and it is of course e- 

 that it should not be easily displaced or deranged by any movement 



