BATH. 



BATH. 



91 



suite of apartments very similar to those found in the Roman examples. 

 The whole building, however, is less than one-fourth of the size of the 

 central mass of a Roman bath, and therefore gives but little idea of 

 the magnificence of the whole." (Fergusson, ' Hand-book of Archi- 

 tecture, 1 p. 333.) 



The most complete and elegant baths had generally the following 



apartments : An apodyterium, or room for undressing ; an unctuarium, 

 for the ointments ; a sphaeristerium, or large room for exercises ; a 

 calida lavatio, or warm bath ; a laconicuin, or hot room for sweating ; 

 a tepidarium, or warm room with a tepid bath ; and a frigidarium, 

 which contained the cold bath : to these may be added rooms for 

 feasting and conversation. (Cameron ' On Roman Baths.') 



OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 



[Plan of the Baths of Curacalla from the measurements of Palladio.] 

 Scale of English Feet. 



O 100 2OO 30O 400 50C 



A, a circular room, over which was a roof of copper; B, the Apodyterium; c, the Xystus; D, the Piscina; E, Vestibules, on the side of the Piscina, which served 

 for the spectators and to contain the clothes of those who bathed ; F, Vestibules at entering the Thermae ; on each side were libraries ; o, o, Rooms -where 

 the wrestlers prepared for the exercises of the Palaestra, with a staircase to ascend to the upper story ; H, H, the Peristyles, which -we find in all the 

 Roman Therm, having in the middle a Piscina for bathing ; i, i, the Ephebium or place of exercise ; K, K, the Elceothesium, or Elseothekium 

 (EtJuuo-Qiffiov-MlKiov) : L, t, Vestibules, over which there is another room with a Mosaic pavement ; u, M, Laconicum ; N, N, Warm Bath ; o, o, 

 Tepidarium ; p, P, Frigidarium ; Q, Q, Rooms for the spectators and for the use of the wrestlers ; it, R, ExhedrsD for the philosophers ; s, Stadium ; T, T, 

 Places for heating the water ; u, y. Cells for bathing ; w. w, Rooms for conversation ; x, x, Cisterns of three stories to receive rain water ; T, Y, the 

 Conisterium ; z, z, Recesses for ornament, and which served for the spectators to sit in ; 1, Theatre for the spectators to Bee the exercises in the open air ; 

 2. Apartments of two stories for the use of those who had the care of the baths ; 3, 3, Exhedrce, where the gymnastic exercises were taught ; 4, 4, Rooms 

 for those who exercised in the Stadium ; 5, 5, Atria to the academies ; 6, 6, Temples ; 7, 7, Academies; 8, 8, Arcades for the masters to walk in, detached 

 from the noise of the Palaestra; 9, 9, Covered Baths ; 10, 10, stairs, &c., which led to the top; 11, 11, Stairs by which you asend to the Palaestra. 



Flaminius Vacca informs us that in 1471 there was to be seen in 

 these baths an artificial island formed of marble, full of the remains of 

 figures which had been carved on it. Near the island was a ship, with 

 many figures in it, much broken. There was also a bathing vessel of 

 granite. Two Libra, of granite, found in the same place, are now 

 employed as fountains in the great square before the Farnese Palace 

 at Rome. In these baths were also found the Farnese Hercules and 

 the great group of statues known by the name of the Farnese Bull. 

 Besides the great granite column now in the palace of S. Lorenzo at 

 Florence, Piranesi tells us that he saw, in the peristyle, two fountains 

 .enriched with the remains of bas-reliefs. 



The provincial towns had also their baths, both public and private. 

 The public baths of Pompeii, which were discovered in 1824, in a 



description of them is taken from the second volume of the ' Pompeii 

 (published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge), 

 with a few verbal alterations, and Borne omissions : These baths 



ABT ASD 801. DIV. VOL. I. 



occupy a space of about 100 feet square, and are divided into three 

 separate and distinct parts. One of them was appropriated to the 

 fireplaces and to the servants of the establishment ; the other two 

 were occupied each by a set of baths contiguous to each other, similar, 

 and adapted, to the same purposes, and supplied with heat and water 

 from the same furnace, and from the same reservoir. The apartments 

 and passages are paved with white marble in mosaic. It is conjectured 

 that the more spacious of the two sets of baths was for the use of the 

 men, the smaller for the women. Vitruvius (lib. v. cap. 10) says that 

 the caldarium for the women should be contiguous to that for the 

 men, and be exposed to the same aspect ; for thus the same hypo- 

 caustum, or stove, may suffice for both. Annexed is the plan of these 

 Pompeian baths, situated near the Forum. 



The piscina or. reservoir was separated at Pompeii from the baths 

 themselves by the street which opens into the forum. The pipes 

 which communicated between the reservoir and the bath passed over 

 an arch thrown across the street. There were three entrances to the 

 furnaces which heated the warm- and vapour-baths. The chief entrance 



