282 THE BEAUTIES OF NATURE CHAP. 
still to consider the situation and origin, and 
it appears that Ullswater, Coniston Water, 
the River Dudden, Waste Water, and Crum- 
mock Water le along the lines of old faults, 
which no doubt in the first instance deter- 
mined the flow of the water. 
Take another case. In the Jura the 
valleys are obviously (see Fig. 18) in many 
cases due to the folding of the strata. It 
seldom happens, however, that the case is 
so simple. If the elevation is considerable 
the strata are often fractured, and fissures 
are produced. Again if the part elevated 
contains layers of more than one character, 
this at once establishes differences. ‘Take, 
for instance, the Weald of Kent (Figs. 38, 
39). Here we have (omittmg minor layers) 
four principal strata concerned, namely, the 
Chalk, Greensand, Weald Clay, and Hastings 
Sands. 
The axis of elevation runs (Fig. 39) from 
Winchester by Petersfield, Horsham, and 
Winchelsea to Boulogne, and as shown in 
the following section, taken from Professor 
Ramsay, we have on each side of the axis 
