ADAMS, JOHX. 



ADAMS, SAMUEL. 



Moat of Ik* 



molred to ramaia at that 

 .faaxM r.:,h .: -..! >r> 

 iacftooloay in aoma of UM 

 Of tha usual track of 

 bomwa* Adama, joined 

 _ to their taking tha 

 . carrying with tkam six mala 

 aativ*. of Otakaite. Arriving at Pitoairn'. laUad, 

 la U * r IT' N. U>, ISO I' ' W. long., they found a 



they resolved to fix 



wte*w*B> Kick t of Vf* companion*, M 

 with Urn, aad UM net offering BO 

 wW, UM* art eail in UM 'Boa^,' 



ll.7to.faMl. MUM. Of OUMiU. 



whfak i. in 24' 3' 37' N. Ul, ISO* 8" V W 

 Mtfttlaoilpbatyof wood and water, aadmoa 

 bU of iilnii again** any numben; and bare 

 their abod* They landed thalr atone, and 01 



bode. They landed their atone, and on UM ttrd January, 

 1TM, a* fir* to UM 'Bounty,' and thiu cut off all communication 



witk Ik. world 



a Tillafa was' built, aad tba wl.ol. land of UM island 

 UM white man. Tba Ouhotan. war. tmUd 



broke OOt tnaar tk- which 



to UM mountain*, and only returned upon a promiae 

 to spar. Ua Ufa. Ha aooo recovered of hi* woun 

 UM two raeaa wara now aqnal in number, but the 



i of tk* wif. of oa* of the Otaheitena being eeUad by a 

 whoa* own wife had died. This led to a plot among tha 

 . for UM deatroetioo. of their maaten. which wa* discovered 

 aad foiled, aad two of the Otabaitana wen killed. The oppression 

 of UM white* continued to be ao galling, that a second attempt to 

 dotroy tken waa made, which resulted in the death of Christian 

 aad fear of hi* oompanioaa. On Uu* oooasion Adams waa ahot 

 through UM body, aad otherwise derperately wounded, but ha eaeaped 



wSmiUmOtSSn 

 wound*. The men of 

 bites, by taking 



> of iliurial. among UM OtaheiUna, and by treachery, sue- 

 a* Uagth in killing the Otehaitana, the la*t two being butchered 

 m aold blood by Adama and another white man. on the 3rd of October, 

 1793. Ewn after tbia, UM death of tha white men wa* repeatedly 

 plotted by the Otebeitea women, but without effect During 1798, one 

 of UM man discovered a method of distilling spirit from a root, which 

 gave ria* to continual drunkeon.es, aad was the cause of hi* own 

 death. Shortly after, on. of the three remaining original settlers 

 having rVirr'r' UM Uvea of tha other two, they put him to death. 



Tka two survivors, Adama and Young, dUgusted at the scenes which 

 they had witaaaaad, and reflecting deeply on their situation, resolved 

 to eflect a thorough ehaage. During Christian', lifetime dirine service 

 had barn pat tot mad only once ; they now determined to introduce 

 daily morning and evening prayer*, with divine service every Sunday, 

 aad to train np the children in habit* of piety and virtue. Young, 

 who had been aa omcer oa board the ' Bounty,' was very useful in the 

 of this scheme, but be died one year after the plan was 

 id. Jhn Adama felt tha death of his companion deeply, 

 bat It only ooafmed him in Ua resolution. Than wan now nineteen 

 children on the Uland, many of them between eight and nine yean of 

 ran attended 



}-. BBBH :.. '. T 



idiepfeyedaa 



with great succeas ; the Otaheitan 



. -ility in receiving the doctrine* of 



UM children wan ao ardent in the pursuit of scrip- 

 . thai ha had aooe ao further trouble than to answer 

 They grew op in habit* of strict morality, and became, 

 no* of Adams, a modal of a well-regulated society. 

 la IMS' the American whale-ahip < Topaa* accidentally touched at 

 Hwaira'a bland ; but tha account, which the captain. Polgier, gave 

 of tab community attracted little attention, until in 1814 the British 

 Irlaaln ' Briton' and 'Tagna' alao viaitod the Uland. In an interview 

 with MM aspaalas. Adama axpnaaad a wuh to be taken to England, in 

 roar, a* be expneaed H, to aaa hi* native land one* more, although he 

 felt ooaviaoad be abold ba banged for hU share in the mutiny ; and 

 M wa* oar/ oa Momg UM pain which his determination caused, espe- 



ato k daagbtor. that ha gave up tha deaign. In December, 

 Oaaaria Baaohey. in UM i Btoaaom/ anchored at Pitoain'i Island, 



shore 



wkae. ke raiMliail sixteen daya. moat of which be paved on aho 

 with Adama. The aeeonnl of Adam* aad hi* colony in the narrati 

 of Binhiy'* Toyace la UM moat complete that we pomand till the 

 of Mr. Murray'. inUmting little TO) time. A long grace 



waa arid bafcn aad after every meal by John Buflea, a aaafarlng~man, 

 wko had noaaUy artllad oa UM Uland. and tha utmoet can wa. 



bit of bread abould ba eaten without prayer. 



aarvio* waa performed five times, tha pnyen on 

 - aad UM exhortation aad hymn* 







Aitt* 



i acted a* a aort of chaplain, and 

 d tha oennon thna timea ovir, to 

 ; .bt Adama Umaalf read prayen, 



prayer*, 

 UM attea 



A * 



from' UM KaglUb Ritod, d bAaMTdf the 

 r appropriate or not Captain Baaohay 

 UM noagnpHou M mnat exempUry ; and 



again at. Uter boor. Marrkaj. wm 



eUkbw akowad the graateat 



wa. al prfornMd. and hyma. rang. 



. 



UM eoajpU* Uw* oa U* 



a* aki. patea, UM* ka 

 ate aW tka Otokate 



own 



ftatE 



lateiaUyrafnlated; thi 

 had with MM ring united all 

 aw* waa ao troabUd 



^,tor*adth**arvioato 



be lived, and who wa* now 



BBt 



taIl,troog,aadmttacuUr; UM woman 



aoaroaly lea. ao than UM men, though feminine in appearance, and 

 with oonaideraUe preteoaioo* to beauty. They were fully pc. 

 in attending to their crop* of yarn* and taro-root, on which they 

 ehiefly aubaictrd, la fishing, repairing their houMM, net*, Ac., and in 

 their religious duties. Adama ipent several days on board the 

 < Bloaaom/ the wind not aarving for hi* return to land ; and among 

 hie countrymen be displayed hi* cheerfulness without restraint, joining 

 with great spirit in all the songs and dance* of the forecatle. H, 

 still retained the habit* of a man-of-war' s-tnan, stroking down his bald 

 forehead whenever addreaaed by an officer, and showing much embar- 

 raaament when spoken to familiarly by those whom he bad of old been 

 aeeoatomad to consider ao much above him. 



On leaving the island, present* of useful articles were made to all 

 tha inhabitant*, and Captain Beechey became the bearer of a request 

 from Adama to the British government to give its aid in removing 

 them to some larger island, aa the population, then amounting to 66, 

 had already begun to press on the means of subsistence. The propo- 

 sition was favourably considered ; but before any determination could 

 be come to John Adams died, in March 1829, at the age of 69. An 

 Englishman named Nobbs, who had recently come to the island, 

 became his successor, and is now a regularly ordained minister. In 

 1854 the population amounted to 200, nearly all descendants of the 

 original settlers, and all speaking and reading English. 



There is a characteristic portrait of Adams in liecchey's ' Voyage,' 

 with a fao-aimile of his hand-writing, aa attached to his own narrative 

 of the mutiny and it* consequences. The name John Adams, by 

 which he is universally known, waa an assumed one ; his real name 

 was Alexander Smith. The change was msde after Captain Folgier 

 had touched at the island, in order probably to avoid recognition, 

 although he seems never to have concealed his share in the mutiny. 

 The incidents of hi* life have been frequently made the subject of 

 dramatic representation. The subsequent history and present con- 

 dition of the island are noticed in the article PITCAIRN'S ISLAND, in the 

 OEOO. Dnr. Eno. Cic. 



(Jiioyraphical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of I'teful 

 Knowledyt ; Rev. K. Murray, PUcairn, London, 1853.) 



ADAMS, JOHN COUCH, one of the discoverers of the planet 

 Neptune, was born at a farm-house on the Bodmin Moon, Cornwall, 

 about 1817. He entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1839, 

 where he soon distinguished himself in those studies which have since 

 placed him in the foremost rank of modern astronomers. In July, 

 1841, ho formed a design of investigating the irregularities in the 

 motion of Urauus, and commenced his task, after taking his degree, 

 in 1848. In September of 1845, and 1846, be communicated the 

 results of his calculation* to the astronomer royal, and in November 

 of the Utter year a paper to the Astronomical Society, entitled ' An 

 Explanation of the Observed Irregularities in the motion of Uranus,' 

 Ac., in which the existence of the supposed remoter planet (Nf) 

 was mathematically demonstrated. But as Le Verrier's investigation 

 of the same subject was first made public, he is regarded as the first 

 discoverer. There U however no doubt that each ono made hu 

 discovery perfectly ignorant of what the other was doing. 



Other valuable paper* by Adam* are printed in the ' Memoirs of 

 the Astronomical Society.' In 1853 he sent to the Royal Society a 

 paper 'On the Secular Variation of the Moon'* Mean Motion,' in 

 which a question left "essentially incomplete " by Laplace is rectified. 

 ThU paper appears in the ' Philosophical Transactions.' 



In November, 1845, Adam* wa* elected a Fellow of the Astrono- 

 mical Society, wa* made Vice-president in 1848, and President in 

 1851. In 1848 the Koyal Society gave him their highest scientific 

 award the Copley medal. He wa* elected a Fellow of that society in 

 1849, and wa* named of the Council the same year. He is a Fellow 

 alao of other scientific societies. 



ADAMS, JOHN QU1NCY, the eldest son of John Adams, the 

 second President of the United States, waa born in Maasaohusette, 

 June 11, 1767. Some of his early years were spent in Europe, whither 

 he accompanied hU father. lu 1801 and 1802 he was minister pleni- 

 potentiary from the United States to Berlin, and during thU time be 

 travelled through Silesia, which country, its manufactures, and more 

 particularly it* educational establishment*, were described by him in 

 a series of letters addressed to his brother at Philadelphia. Thene 

 letter*, which were originally publuhed in a journal called ' The 

 Portfolio,' were collected in a volume and published in 1804. During 

 the presidency of Jefferson, Adams waa recalled from his embassy at 

 Berlin. Upon hi. return he became a professor in Harvard College, 

 aad wa* subsequently elected a deputy to Congress for Massachusetts. 

 Having been previously attached to the federalist party, he now allied 

 himself to the democratic party. He wa* next charged with a 

 miarioo to Ruatla, and in 1814 joined the Congress at Vienna as 

 plenipotentiary of the United Statea. In 1816 he was ambassador at 

 UM Court of St Jamea'p. In 1817 he became secretary of state for 

 the Interior; and in 1825 be succeeded Mr. Monroe as President of 

 UM Union. He was not however re-elected, hU place being supplied 

 by General Jackson. In 1 820 he waa elected deputy to Congress, 

 where ha distinguished himself until hU death by hU advocacy of the 

 abolition of slavery. He died at Washington, February 17, 1848. 



ADAMS, SAMUEL, a conspicuous actor in the American revolution. 

 Ha was born at Boston on the 27th of September, 1722, and received 



