IT 



Al.nEKTL LKO.V BATTI8TA. 



ALIJKRTUS 1CAQXU5. 



M* of i|hte*a. UK Prince U to bo Regent until .uch an 

 A* IVioc. wa. not unmindful of th grave responsibilities 



Hi* studies are described a* tneludlni. besides 

 /. th* physical and natural sciences ; and also 

 _ in both of which arts h* attained considerable 

 PriaoT Albert wa* married to Queen Victoria on tb* 10th 

 of February 1840 at St. James'* chapel, having a few days before been 

 nrturalised by Act of Parliament By * Act which received the royal 

 4. 1840, it was provided that, in ease of the demise of 



' ill have attained the 

 is reached. 

 which his 



oast upon Urn, or of those" which might possibly accrue, 

 immediately after hi* settlement in this country h* read a 

 I of Eojtiah eoosUtotioaal history and law with one of our highest 

 authorilieaTMr. Selwyn ; and whilst h* has most judiciously held him- 

 erlf aloof from all political parties, h* ha* at different times shown an 

 intimate -~r~b>**~* with th* general bearing of great public move- 

 ments, such a* could only result from a careful study of the principles 

 of oar social economy, a dear knowledge of English institutions, and 

 a eooeidente observance of th* progress of events. In many of those 

 public questions which are distinct from party politics, and in nearly 

 all those which boar on the improvement of the physical condition of 

 the poorer cbset*, on th* progress of the mechanical and fine arts, 

 and in various benevolent project*, the Prince has taken a very active 

 part; and his speeches on public occasions have always shown an 

 intelligent appreciation of the objects sought to be accomplished. As 

 the head of the Fine Arts Commission the Prince did much towards 

 in motion that effort to reach the higher purposes of art which 

 mtiaie*! th* painting and sculpture of the last twelve or 

 years ; aad he has, by his zealous patronage of schools of 

 evinced an equal dear* to aid in raising the artistic character 

 of our manufacture*. But it was as the Chairman of the Council of 

 the Great Exhibition of 1851 that his activity and knowledge found 

 iu wideet scope aad fullest development ; and it seemed to be admitted 

 by all who were intimately connected with the origin and progress of 

 that great undertaking, that it owed very much of it* high position 

 aad ultimate raoccis to the taste, judgment, and tact of Prince Albert 



Th* Prince is a field-marshal in the English army and a colonel of 

 the Grenadier Guards, and he is said to take much interest in the state 

 of the army and the condition of the soldier ; but his tastes and pur- 

 suit* are 'for the most part entirely of a pacific character. The fine 

 and mechanical art* do not, however, engross his attention. His 

 name appears in the list* at the Smithfield Club, and other leading 

 agricultural exhibitions, as a competitor, and generally as a successful 

 competitor, for the prize* annually adjudicated for superior breeds of 

 cattle, Ac. He has indeed given a good deal of time to agricultural 

 pursuit*, and his 'model farms' at Windsor are said by practical 

 farmer* to be really entitled to their designation. 



Besides those above mentioned, the Prince holds several offices under 

 the crown. H* was elected in 1842, after a sharp contest, Chancellor 

 of th* University of Cambridge ; aad he is president of the Society of 

 ArU, Grand Master of the Freemasons, and patron or president of 

 various benevolent and other institutions. 



ALBERTI, LEON BATTISTA, a distinguished mathematician, but 

 more celebrated a* an architect, and hardly less so as a philosopher, 

 poet, painter, and sculptor. He was of the ancient and noble family 

 of the Alberti of Florence, but was born in Genoa in 1404. He was 

 nephew of the Cardinal Alberto degl' Alberti, and he himself became 

 a canon of tb* metropolitan church of Florence. Having devoted 

 much of hi* attention to the acquisition of tho principles of architec- 

 ture, by the observation aad admeasurement of the remains of ancient 

 edifices in various part* of Italy, Alberti became distinguished among 

 tb* promoter* of tb* then new style, which ha* been colled a restoration 

 of th* ancient and classical When at Rom* he was employed by the 

 Fope, Nicholas V., to repair the ancient aqueduct of the Aqua Vergine, 

 and to construct th* Footeoa di Trevi ; but the structure was so much 

 decorated by Salvi, in th* pontificate of Clement XII., that not a 

 T**U|* now remain* of th* design of Alberti. 



At Florence, Alberti succeeded to the direction of several works 

 which had been commenced by Brunellesohi, and left unfinished at 

 hi* death. H* himself designed and executed in Morenos the Palazzo 

 RoeeUai, th* choir and tribune of the church of the Annunciation ; 

 and some attribute to Alberti th* principal front of th* church of 

 Suite Maria Novell*. At Mantua h* executed several edifice* for the 

 Duke Ludovioo Gonzaga. But tb* most esteemed architectural work 

 of Alberti U the church of St Francis at Rimini, which ha was 

 empiojed to decorate by Sifianoixio MalaUsU, lord of that city. He 

 wrote a work on sculpture, Delia Statua,' which was followed by 

 other on painting, 'b. Motor*/ which h* call* pnedilectissima 

 *P*aU, UudaU art, " ( a most delightful art, never suffi- 

 iently praised"); but hi* hut and most esteemed work is hi* treatise 

 on architecture, De Re .Kdificatori*.' This wa* not published until 

 after hi. death, when it wa. edited by hi. brother Brtrend, and at 

 Us own detir* dedicated to Lorenzo d*' Medici. He died in 1472. 

 n^ntomiMt of hi* dually yet exieU in tb* church of Suite Croce, 



< Vaeari. fiu <U Pillori, Ac,, ed. Soborn. : Tireboscbl 4c.) 

 _ALBBRTIKKLLI, MAKloTTO. on. of ltb*b*.t of the earl, 

 , wa* bora at Florence about 1475. U* was th* 



pupil of Cosimo Ruselli, but he became eventually the frirnil :m.l 

 imitator of Fra Bartolomeo, whom he assisted in some of his work*. 

 In tone Albertinelli equalled, if he did not excel, Fra Bartolomeo. 

 Thar* are three of his works in the gallery of the academy at 

 Florence, one of which, the Annunciation of the Virgin, is a master- 

 piece in ton*. H* excelled for his period also in design, and some of 

 bis works are drawn in a style worthy of the best of the Ciuqueceu- 

 tisti, as the Italians term the painters of the 16th century. He drew 

 from the antiques in the garden of Lorenzo de' Medici. His master- 

 piece is considered the Visitation of Elizabeth to the Virgin, in tho 

 imperial gallery of Florence ; it contains however only the two saints, 

 but beneath it U a predella in three compartments, illustrating in 

 small figures the Annunciation, the Nativity, and the Presentation in 

 the Temple ; it has been engraved by V. dclla Bruua. 



Albertinelli was of a very singular disposition, and of dissipated 

 habits. At one time he forsook painting, having taken offence at 

 some criticisms upon his works, and turned publican, an occupation 

 however which he soon exchanged for his original profession, lie 

 painted several works in partnership with his friend Fra Bartolomeo, 

 and when that painter joined the order of the Dominicans, Alberti- 

 nelli completed his unfinished works, among which was the Last 

 Judgment, for the cemetery of Santa Maria Nuova, which, says 

 Vasari, many suppose to have been the entire work of liartolomeo. 

 Albertinelli was so much distressed at losing the society of Bartolomeo, 

 when the latter turned monk, that his friends had much difficulty in 

 preventing him from following his example. Vasari says that he died 

 about 1520, aged 45, the victim of his own debaucheries. Ho had 

 some distinguished scholars ; the best was Viaino, who, according 

 to Vasari, died in Hungary ; others were Giuliauo Bugiardiui, 

 Franciabigio, and Innocenzio da Iniola. 



Albertinelli painted in fresco in Florence, in Viterbo, and in Rome. 

 Visari mentions a very excellent portrait by him of tho mother of 

 Lorenzo de' Medici, Donna Alfonsina Orsini, daughter of Roberto 

 Orsini, the constable of Naples. A picture in the Louvre by him U 

 inscribed " Maricocti Debertinellis Opus. Anno. Dom. 1LD.VI.'' In 

 the chapter-house of the Carthusians at Florence, a crucifixion iu 

 fresco, with the same date, is marked " Mariotti Florentine Opus." 



(Vasari, Vite de' Pittori, &c.) 



ALBERTRANDY, JAN CHRZCICIEL, or JOHN CHRIST! AN. 

 bishop of Zenopolis, was born at Warsaw in the year 1731. His 

 father was by birth an Italian. On the death of his mother, which 

 occurred when he waa very young, he was placed entirely under the 

 care of the Jesuits, and educated in their public school. Here his 

 progress was so rapid, and the ability he displayed so extraordinary, 

 that at the age of 15 he was admitted into the order, and immediately 

 on the completion of his novitiate, namely, iu his 19th year, was sent 

 as public tutor to the college of Pultusk ; he subsequently filled the 

 same important post at Plovzko, Nieswiez, and Wiliia. In the year 

 1 700, Bishop Zolusk i, having determined to throw his extensive library 

 open for the benefit of the public, appointed Albertrandy his librarian. 

 This post he occupied four years, during which time he drew up a 

 very elaborate catalogue of the entire collection, stated to contain 

 200,000 volumes. In 1764 the Prince Lubienski confided to his 

 charge his grandson, Count Felix Lubienski, afterwards minister of 

 justice in the duchy of Wai-saw. In the year 1770 he accompanied 

 his pupil into Italy, to the Academy of Siena, and afterwards to 

 Rome. The growing inclination of tho young Lubieuski for the study 

 of antiquities, particularly numismatics, attracted the attention of his 

 instructor, who applied himself with redoubled diligence to this 

 science, and in the course of two years gained for himself a place 

 amongst the first numismatists of Europe. Two years later, Count 

 Felix Lubienski, having presented his collection of coins to Kin ; 

 Stanislaus, with a request that they might be continued under tho 

 care of Albertrandy, the king appointed him keeper of his medals, and 

 subsequently his lecturer and librarian, and keeper of his prints. 

 Albertraudy, anxious to avail himself of the royal confidence for tho 

 good of his country, proposed to the king to collect from foreign 

 countries the various scattered notices relating to Poland. He was iu 

 consequence sent into Italy in 1782, and in the course of three years 

 bad gleaned from the Vatican and sixteen other libraries in Rome, and 

 also from various collections iu other pluccs, their most important 

 contents relative to Poland. He shortly afterwards went to Sweden 

 upon a similar mission. The product of these two journeys formed 

 a most valuable collection of historical materials in almost 200 folio 

 volumes, which arc stated to have been deposited in the library of 

 Pulawy, by Prince Czartoryski. King Stanislaus, as an acknowledg- 

 ment of the extraordinary merit of Albertraudy, presented him with 

 the great medal of merit, and the cross of the order of St Stanislaus, 

 and made him Bishop of Zeuopolis. When 70 years of age he was 

 unanimously called upon to preside over the newly-formed Royal 

 Society of the Friends of Science of Warsaw, and he continued to 

 direct its operations with the greatest activity and zeal, enriching its 

 transaction* with numerous papers, until his death, which took placo 

 on the 10th of August, 1808. (Biographical Dictionary of the Society 

 for the Di/iuion of Uleful Knowledge.) 



ALBERTUS MAGNUS. It is a matter of controversy whether 

 this celebrated scholar derived his laudatory name from tho admi- 

 ration of his contemporaries, or whether it was a Latinised form of 



