ABD-EL-KADER. 



/ is 



Ml with 



UM Imfe to <** ettker by treat* er by ferea. 

 .eiftc PrtoreV, beA they w-.^ieeded ; ad 

 advenary wee kvyiaf 

 Wprorid^a Ur,. 



befer* kirn. 



Ml* eeJ mul**. e*d M abM epfJy of 

 Ik* (MVMaa of TU*B**a, *! hi. convoy s 



ad Abd-el KAder Hill 

 lie* far a. uwpae. of 



eeMe.1 Ik* Kmir reeolved to 



i. ike op*. Md; MM! Uwy.oe their pert, had found 

 - to the Be> of C~eta.Ua*, wham from 



In order to 

 ceo**. General 

 to Abd-el Kader for 



took place oo UM bank* of 

 u Ta^a.U.^arW^ilijr*. a treaty was drawngp with 

 II fnnTj. Md loly <*gd aod sealed. May 30, 1M7, by which 

 "- - feds* emed to ackBoejIedfe UM eovereJcety of France. UK) to 

 tnbate of certain qtMAtitv of corn and cettl*; and, on UM 

 Wd. U we* naimiJ in hi. UUe of Kmir. and received 



OK .b.1. of Oi ead Tteerf. ad e iwrtn of Algi-ra, except 

 MI tew**. teeMme; Om. Musuganoim, Anew, and MOM other* 

 we. UM OHM, kkk were to raoain in UM bends of UM French. 



Abdei liedr tnt ear*, oo Ufa* releaeed from UM neoeeiity of 

 milk MM UM irnnitimji of UM Knock ray, we to receive UM 

 *** W UM tribe* throughout UM country iMJpifcl to him. 

 OMMteJIy UMy raedUy ga their allegiance, but agaiaet torn. he 

 faud M urinary to reeort to svr. mamm-ii ; end on. tribe, that 

 of OeJed-Utoem. be WM akirmj by DM eesmiei with having mu- 

 VaUee, UM Fraevck governor-general. took umbrage 

 Ian; Md U ocW to oraraw* UM Emir, and to 

 ' witk rmte., toblirfnd ounp of MOO 

 of Kh^mH IB OOOMOOMMM of UM ctnMur 

 i of UM rtfctl. wko i*iriil kirn with bracb of UM 



^^Mt BM A^^Mll Ok I'ag-JB l*AAV*Bh -j n |, ^^ ^ ^k 



W^H ^t wj i w owjnBB 1MB pnvJBw wo 

 ! UM ^M, Md UMtted to kMoutt* modiAwtioD 

 r Pfliaial to tb Uwty. 



t U Mii^H. *bd l-Kkr ddr<*Md himttlf to th. 

 i *f orpMMB ijlia of <lb>riHn lot kit torritory. H. 

 f bit flomnMrt, photaf ii oadw lulif ; 



fate T dlTMkMM. iB Mob Of Whkk k* 



. Md UMM diriMoo. IM tf^a brok* on 

 of whiob b pUoftl uixUr u> Hbir. witk 

 od; Uuw proTtding M far * 

 UM ctrawUi of kk ubjoU. UK! 



OB. At UM MOM tiOM b* I. *ud 



of igri- 



two yM. TlM Fraaah lud 

 oftkBBirtoMrnttlM 

 W cwaia f fafteMM, Md to otawd kk 

 o dtr^Uy ^objoot to kkv WUk . TMW. m 



r. !<! FNMk vny. witk UM Dk. of DrtoMM at iU 



^k^kfCa^Mi tek> 1^1 lal^*^^ *u4 *-- ^Mt^^h*. i 1 ^_l. 



*^ ^^ ^^ ! laiOTvr. MM UM pnao noHToa wita 



i iwjiiiny UM bilrin f tBtiawj BMM. Tki* wu followi 



d-oJlory 



r Urg* ipcnditure of men and moooy, and lou.l 

 ,. wr raiwd in France against the inrtlidrnt manner iu which 

 it wa r-nt-"*^ 1 Tne goTcrntneut annuunoed that it bad detarmined 

 M IOOMT to baar with Abd-al-Kader, and iu Dooamber 1840 it replaced 

 Uarabal Vallaa by Ooxral Bugeaud. From thii time the war wai 

 oarrkd on with th* nunort rljoiir. A Tery large body of troop, wat 

 ant from Fraaoa, and a half-indigwiou. oorpa, the Zouavea, waa rawed 

 witk a TMW to check the actiT. irragular Arab, by aoldiens poawaalng 

 all their pCT|lir Tiracity and rapidity of motion, but more amenlili- 

 cally traiood. Buf*aud made it hi. object in the campaign of 1841 to 

 agora la aawamion aa many a. poaaible of the atrongaolda of the 

 Kn.(, (0' detach from him by promiare and threat, the native tribea, 

 and wb*r*Tr any nfuacd their adhealon to France, to destroy their 

 crop, and ravage their village*. It waa a mercileaa, but it waa an 

 -fZ^..i OOUTM. By the end of the year the general had overrun a 

 eooaktorabU portion of the Kmir'. torritory, and wherever the French 

 arm* had penetrated, th* country had become an ally or a waato. In 

 th* ipaooh to the Chamber*, February 1842, it waa formally announced 

 tfr.t Algier* waa annexed to the French crown; and from this time 

 UM Emir wa. treated aa a rebel 



Ilia condition aeoaad indeed to hare become utterly deaperate. Tho 

 French occupied all hi. ciUoa, moat of hi. fortreeaea, and four-nfth. of 



meet UM French army in a regular encounter, he couatautly haraaaed 

 them by rapid deaoenta upon outpotta, drtachmenU, and convoy., 

 and by dettrnctive inroad, upon the countries of the friendly tribes; 

 while the rapidity and unexpectodneei of hi. movement, baffled alike 

 precaution and punuit But the linea were being drawn atoadily 

 more and more cloaely about Him, Hia camp of reserve waa already 

 on the edge of th* desert; and the French had now an army of 

 100,000 man accumulated in the country, beaidea a large body of 

 auziliariea. The razzia, of the French continually destroyed his 

 nwource* ; rnora than once all hi* preaence of mind and daring, and 

 the devotion of hi* followers, had scarcely auffioed to prevent him from 

 falling into the hand, of his opponent*. On one occasion, in May 

 1843, the Duke of Orleans, at the head of a body of cavalry, ha<i 

 succeeded, by a brilliant imitation of the Emir', tactic., iu .urprUiug 

 his .mala, or camp, during the absence of the great body of hi. Arabs. 

 Abd-el-Kader, aa usual, escaped ; but with the loss of almost 

 thing. 11 is Arab* and Kabylea however quickly rallied around him, and 

 be contrived to inflict in oumeruu. de.ultory attack, heavy blows upon 

 the French, who indeed during this summer lost an unusual number 

 of offican. But be waa now unable to bring more thau a small force 

 into the field at any one time; and a defeat which ho .uifered at 

 Oued-tlalah, and in which his most-trusted lieutenant, Kalif bcu- 

 Allah, the One-Eyed, was killed, completed hi* ruin, though it did not 

 put an end to hi. effort*. 



Forced to take refuge within the frontier of Morocco, he aet about 

 preaching than a new outbreak of hostilities against the infidela. The 

 emperor. If he did not directly sanction, did not oppose hu proceed- 

 ings ; aad several member, of the court entered with ardour into his 

 views. An army was soon raised; but th* French declared war 

 against Marocoo, bombarded several of it* coast town., defeated iU 

 army at Way, and before the cloae of 1844 had compelled the emperor 

 to agree to use hi. beat effort* to prevent Abd-l-Kader from again 

 annoying UM French in Algiers. Abd-el-Kader once uior* took to th* 

 open country. U* continued for above two yean longer to evade the 

 pursuit of the French ; but every effort to make head against hi. foe* 

 proved unavailing. The Emperor of Marocoo wa* at last compelled 

 by Uio French to put in motion an army against him, and seized hi. 

 kalif, ilou Uamedt, whom he bad sent to endeavour to obtain terms. 

 Abd-el-Kader in repriaal made a night attack (November 11, 1847) 

 upon the Itooriah camp, which by a daring stratagem he succeeded 

 in throwing into confuaion. Hut though be achieved a momentary 

 "****> the ma., of troop* waa too gnat for him to produce a perma- 

 nent impreatiao. A body of native* who attempted to prevent hi* 

 retreat be had little difficulty in defeating ; but when he found the 

 Freooh cavalry had got between him and the desert, he acknowledged 

 that, cloaely pressed a. be wa. on every other aide, it would be uselaei 

 to ofbr further resistance, and tent meaiengers to General Latnoriciere, 

 f> Frew* eommander, offering to urreuder on condition of being 

 sent to Alexandria or St. Jean-d' Acre. Lamoriciore acceded to the 

 torn*; and oo UM 23rd of December AUUl-Kader yielded himself 

 with hi* family into the hand* of th* general. 



The Due d'Aumale, governor-general of Algiera, in the despatch 

 in which be announced to Uie French government the .urrender of 

 UM Kmir aad hi. arrival at Algier*, aaya, - I have ratified the promiae 

 given by Oeoeral Umoriciere, and 1 firmly tnut the government of 

 hi* aajeety will add it* aanction. I announced to the Emir that ho 

 moat embark UM next day forOran with hi* family: he submitted, 

 but Dei without emotion and repugnanoo-it i. th. last drop in the 

 lie.," Mot quit, the laat drop. The French government refused 

 to ratify UM engagement, and the Emir wa* transferred, with hi. 

 famUy.*, prUoner to Fort Lamalgue, at Toulon. After the revolution 

 148, Abd-cl-Kader presented a formal requUition to 

 UM republican government for the performance of the engagement 



