ABAUZIT FIRMIN 



ABBAS THE GREAT. 



a* w u 



.-.:. 



JtoWBMs.MrfMlfcA. 



V f**ri tti Jfittaat. TbrabosohL AalMt *V 



A^I^IWllK! bar. 1T, di*d 1WT. aged .ST. Hfc> taUjr 

 i aa Arahiaa ahraWaa, who sattM at ToolooM to 

 H* was bora * Data, m Uaga.dnc. of protattaat 

 *jaa| *ir**a>*taa**. tad lost hi* nvther when b* was only 



of 



h* ristUd Oetmaay, Holland, France, 

 Him of many wolneot mea, among 

 Kiac William wished to retain him to 

 to Onera. Tb*r* h* took part to 

 which appeared to 1726. and 

 . far Us W2oa*. In 1727 the 

 oo him the righta of citiMnahip. 



I* oa* *f th* ato* resasrksnl* iadaaoe* on record of a combina- 

 tW *f aairwaUHy tad depth of taming. Ery man who talked 

 with Ahaaatt *a hi* oa narUesOar atady, imagined that, whatever 

 be, hi* asMeial attention had been reserved 

 caaang. X*wtoa sd.li.sii.l him-lf to 



;> d*id* between him and LeibniU. 

 , thought b* had pasted his life to the 

 * be had devoted himself to the study 

 at sacisat axMte. Ia" hi* temper h* WM siaguUrly mild and enduring 

 For a asaa of hi* attainments w* have not much remaining 

 Whh Ik* tutatina of some antiquarian papers, to Spon's 

 *> la TB* d* Ofa**** aad th* Journal Helrelique,' b* 



"is war* published after 



Urtih* 





pt were burnt by his 

 from hit own, which were 



king of the M*w Islands, became known to 

 of th* wreck of th* East India Company's 

 ind of Oroolong, on* of th* group of the 

 10th of August, 17SS. The unfortunate mariners were 

 by th* aatJw, and were *oon honoured with visit from 

 it h* had a*r*r awa a white man, nor any rtesd larger 

 hk> Mrpria* WM unbounded ; but it WM the effect of 

 s most attracted hit attention. It was not long before 

 h* laitaarf WOMa, th* captain of th* AnUlope, to grant him assistance 

 hit van with th* adghnnnrmg islander, in four several expeditions, 

 wtkft w*r* gaMntty nader Ik* command of Abba Thulle himself. 



TW amrrl mod* of attack of th* stracucer. proved to effectire, that on 

 th* las* lllian* th* ptopl. of Artinrall, the island against which the 

 attack vat dtrittad. Mbmtttad without reeistance to the king of Pelew. 

 WhsM Ihi* WM going on, the rest of the Antelope't crew, and all at 

 other ttaita, wtr* *agag*d m bnilding a r**rl, then- own baring gone 

 ia which they hoped to b* abl* to tak* passage to China; 

 b work Abba Thnttt, who took a great interest to it, rendered 

 When th* TOSM! WM computed, h* declared 

 I hit second ton, Lee Boo, to hi* new friends, 



mthk 



that h* aaght atnti|iaiy tba aad tee th* wonders of Europe. On 

 th* ISU *f Xotambar. 1788. th* Oroolong (to called from the Island 

 *Wr b WM baft) proceeded on It* royage, to preaenc* of the king 

 aatl a lary* **awan* of Ik* pwpl* of I View, who took an affectionate 

 W. rftWfrtatKl*, and WU.I them with prs*tiu. Lee Boo. after 

 a taadwaartdtg with hto father, acoompanUd them; but a seaman, 

 MM* BlaiaWd. drfkjbtad with hb protMcta at th* ialaoda, totktad 

 a ratjalabMT btkfarf. B*fcr aailiag, Abba Thull* bad proclaimed 

 Engiithm*n'. Land.' and It WM formally taken pottet- 

 of King Oorg* III. Captain Wil-oii brought Lee 

 hwt h* afcrtuuMily died toon afterwards. In 1790 

 ly rwotvad to amd out an expedition to Pelew, 

 of Informing Abba Thulle of th* death of his 

 th* Compaoy's sou* of hit kindn*t* to th* 

 -Unf him with a quantity of live stock, and u-e- 

 Mm+mtlmjim** A.aw^h^ylh.'Paniw'Md^KTdMTour,' 



!? Til!. ** a? 1 * . M<a "*. *! ** < th.ir officer. 

 *IBM Wldto aad W*4*^harMtt*4. who had bam with Captato Wilson, 



f tn Bo* wHh 



tf-WMl..*!, 



UkbalhMB 



t.ttre*oyl 



wrte* 



for a tim*. and then 



" IPH'fTgood). 



;.,, :,.-. 

 "--' .with th* 

 son, and 

 ited with 

 but it 



the grwt oann of the 

 mrtignty WM rttioh>d, 



WM iriren up to Abba Thulle without bloodshed. The expedition left 

 I'elew IB 1701, but returned to 1793. Abba Thulle had died ia the 

 meantime, about three mouth, after the expedition had left Pelew, or 

 la August, 1701. He WM luppoeed to be nearly seventy yean of age, 

 and WM *uoo**d*d by hii only surviving brother, who had been till 

 thro " clow am kooker," or, general of the troops. Abba Thulle IIM 

 been called the IVter the Qreat of Pelew, but it would be bard to nay 

 for what reason ; hli thought* ran upon war, and war only, and much 

 of hi* hospitality to Wilson and hia craw may be attributed to the 

 they gave him against hia enemies. (Keato, Account of the 



ABDAS TH E < : UK AT, or, with liis full name, Shah Abbot Bahadur 

 ATA**, WM the fifth King of the SuS dynasty which ascended the 

 throne of Persia in the year 1501 of our era. During the latter part 

 of tbe reign of Shah Mohammed Khodabende, his father, ho ailed the 

 situation of governor in the province of Khorasan ; and on the death 

 of that prince in 1586 succeeded him in the government Kboraaan 

 bad just then been occupied by the Usbeki, and it WM the first object 

 of Shah AbbM to recover possession of it But his efforts proved for 

 a time ineffectual. Not being able to take Herat, the capital of Kho- 

 rasan, from the Unbeks, he wu obliged to content himself with leaving 

 a garrison at Meshhed, and even this town, considered M sacred by the 

 Sbiites on account of the tomb of a celebrated Mohammedan saint, 

 Imam Ali Ken, fell again into the bauds of the enotny. About the 

 same time the internal peace of Persia was interrupted by a revolt at 

 Itttkbar, which WM however soon repressed, and terminated with the 

 execution of the prime mover, Yakub Khan. The year 1590 WM 

 distinguished by victories in Qilun and Azerbijaii over the Turks, who 

 had collected a considerable force on tbe banks of the river Kur, and 

 threatened Persia with an invasion. The Turks lost, through this 

 campaign, their influence in Qilan, but retained for the present posse*' 

 sion of th* fortresses of Nuhavend, Tebriz, Tillic, and utmost the 

 whole of Aierbijan and Georgia. During this time, one of the generals 

 of AbbM conquered the province of Lar in the south, and the Bahrein 

 Islands to the Pertitn Gulf, important on account of thtir pearl 

 fithery. 



Tbe Usbeks still remained masters of Khorasan, and, owing to their 

 desultory mode of carrying on their attacks, many attempts at bringing 

 them to a regular action had failed. At last however in the year 

 1597, t!iey were totally defeated by the Persian troops, near Herat, and 

 Khorasan WM for a long time release.) from their predatory incursions. 



Two English knights, Sir Anthony, and his brother Sir Robert 

 Shirley, arrived about this time M private travellers in Persia. They 

 were honourably received by Shah AbbM, whose confidence they soon 

 gained to such a degree, that while Sir Robert Shirley remained to 

 Persia, his brother Sir Anthony was sent as envoy from the Persian 

 court to the Christian princes of Europe, to offer them the Shah's 

 friendship, chiefly with a view to tome future common undertaking 

 against the Turks, who were then the terror of Kurope. [SHIRLEY.] 



Between Persia and Turkey hostilities were still carried on. Nuba 

 vend, Tebrix, and Baghdad were taken ; a Turkish army of 100,000 men 

 WM defeated by about half that number of Persians; Abbas recovered 

 Azerbijan, Shirwan, part of Georgia, and Armenia, and subsequently 

 also Kurdistan, Mosul, and Diarbekir; and the Turks were ever after 

 this victory kept in check. They formed a league with the Tartars of 

 Kaptchak, but the united forces of both were vanquished to a battle 

 fought between Sultanieh and Tebriz, 1618, the last memorable battle 

 that occurred during the reign of Shah Abbas. Negotiations were 

 then commenced between Abbas and the Sultan at Constantinople ; 

 but insurrections and conflict* in the frontier provinces, fomented and 

 secretly instigated by the Turkish government, still continued for 

 some time. 



Shah AbbM encouraged the trade of Europeans with Persia : he 

 protects I the factories which the English, the French, and the Dutch 

 bad at Gombroon; but he looked with jealousy on the flourishing 

 establishment of the Portuguese on the small island of Ormuz, situated 

 near the entrance of the Persian Gulf, which bad been in their posaea- 

 sion ever since 1607, when Albuquerque occupied it, and had now 

 become the emporium of an extensive commerce with India, Persia, 

 Arabia, and Turkey. This settlement the Persians and the English 

 East India Company agreed to attack with joint forces. The English 

 furnished tbe naval, the Persians the military, forces ; and the island 

 WM taken on the 22nd April, 1622. For this service the English 

 received part of the plunder, and a grant of half the customs at the 

 port of Gombroon ; but their hopes of further advantages for their 

 commerce in these part* were frustrated, and the mission of Sir 

 Dodmoro Cotton from England to the Persian court, to 1627, likewise 

 failed in procuring them. 



After a reign ofupwards of forty years, Shah AbbM died at Kaswto 

 to 1028. Like most of the monarch s of the Sufi dynasty, he was exces- 

 sively cruel, and haty in awarding capital punishment, often on very 

 slight grounds. All bis i ons fell victims to his suspicion and jen! 

 only one grandson survived him, who succeeded him on the throne as 

 Shah Sufi. AbbM WM a zealous Shiite, and used to make frequent 

 pilgrimage* to tbe tomb of Imam All Reza, at Meshhed ; but ho 

 abowrd great tolerance to those that profe*od other regions, and 

 nweUllj to Christians. His belief in astrology WM so firm that he 

 ren vacated the throne for a short period during which it had 



