181 



ALLINGHAM, JOHN TILL. 



ALMAGRO, DIEGO DE. 



182 



viously offered, but without success, to the government, upon the con 

 dition of building a gallery for its reception. This collection is easily 

 accessible to the public, without fee. 



Within the last few years considerable discussion has arisen with 

 refereuce to the proper distribution of the funds of the college, and 

 at the beginning of 1856 a scheme was recommended by the Charity 

 Commissioners, with consent of the college authorities, for the future 

 management of the charity. The present members are to be paid 

 annually as follows: Master, 1015^.; Warden, 855. (to be raised to 

 10151. should he survive the master) ; First and Second Fellows, 5001. ; 

 Third and Fourth Fellows, 4661; poor brethren and sisters, 1501. 

 from Michaelmas next for their respective lives. Twelve governors 

 are to be appointed : an upper, or classical, school to be constituted, 

 the head-master with a salary of 3501. a year, and 30s. half-yearly for 

 each scholar over fifty, to have the general superintendence of the 

 charity, subject to the governors ; the under-master to have 2501., 

 with 10*. half-yearly for each boy above fifty, in addition to his own 

 pupils. Day scholars and boarders to be admitted to this school. 

 Foundation scholars, not to exceed twenty-four in number, may be 

 maintained at the expense of the charity. Scholarships, not exceed- 

 ing eight in number, at lOOi. a year each, tenable for four years, may 

 be provided for scholars (not private boarders) in the upper school. A 

 lower school, for foundation scholars and day boys, is to be carried on 

 at Dulwich, the master to receive 1501. a year, and 10*. half-yearly 

 for every boy exceeding fifty. Twelve boys may be allowed exhibi- 

 tions, or scholarships, not exceeding 30. a year each, for four years. 

 The number of alms-people not to exceed twenty-four in the first 

 instance, half to be brethren, and the other half to be sisters; who 

 are to have residences and a weekly stipend not exceeding 20*. Out- 

 pensioners may be appointed, not exceeding sixteen, with stipends of 

 not more than 10*. weekly. 



The paper* at Dulwich College, whether in the writing of Alleyn or 

 hU partner Henslo-ve, throw some light upon the literary history of 

 the drama. Alleyn appears to have taken much of the management 

 with regard to the authors who wrote for the theatres in which he 

 was so deeply interested. For example, there is an entry in Henslowe's 

 papers, " Lent unto my sonne E. Alleyu, the 7th of November, 1602, to 

 give unto Thomas Deckers for mending of the play of Tnsso, the 

 some of xxxx*. : "' and again, " Lent unto Mr. Alleyn, the 25th of 

 September, 1601, to lend unto Benjamin Johnson, upon his writing of 

 bis adycions in Jerouymo, xxxxi." Henslowe again lends unto " Ben- 

 geiny Jolmsone, at the apoyntment of E. Alleyn and William Birde," 

 in earnest for plays undertaken, "the some of x/." The caution with 

 which the elder partner makes his son-in-law a sort of security for 

 needy authors is very curious. Alleyn appears to have been a man of 

 a kindly heart towards those with whom he was brought in contact ; 

 and all these documents show that the theatrical writers men who 

 have earned their immortality were for the most part poor and 

 wretched. The partners however in all probability screwed their 

 authors very hard. There is a letter from Robert Daborne to Henslowe, 

 in which he earnestly begs for twenty shillings, saying, " Oood sir, con- 

 sider how for your sake 1 have put myself out of the assured way to get 

 money, and from twenty pounds a play am come to twelve." There 

 is a hearc-rending document also from Field, Daborne, and Massinger, 

 iu which they earnestly beg for five pounds to deliver them from prison. 

 The number of eminent men who were associated with Henslowe and 

 Alleyn in producing dramatic novelties was very great, including 

 Muu<lay, Drayton, Dekker, Chettle, Massinger, Jonson, Rowley, Hey- 

 wood, Porter, and Chapman. These men were dependent upon the 

 players for the small gratuities which they received for works of high 

 genius and laborious art. Yet Alleyn is not to be blamed for this 

 penurious reward of authors. The writers for the theatres were 

 almost innumerable ; and excellence up to a certain point was very 

 generally attainable by them. Perhaps some of the higher excellence 

 of Shakspere may be attributable to the fact that he was at ease in 

 pecuniary matters; that almost alone he could produce the most 

 attractive novelties for his own theatres ; that he was not dependent 

 upon managerial caprice ; that in fact he was making a fortune, as 

 Alluyu himself was making it, by his property in a species of enter- 

 prise which had universal supporters, and which iu his case had the 

 ;pt cial support of the wealthiest and best educated of the com- 

 munity. The details of the life of Alleyu ought to be attentively 

 studied by those who desire to form a competent notion of that 

 unequalled chapter in literary history, the annals of the English 

 stage during the half century of its greatness. 



(Fuller, Wui-lklei of England; Kippis, Biographia Krilannica ; 

 Collier, Memoirs of Alleyn, published by the Shakespeare Society; 

 Miilone, Hiitorieal Account of the Enyliih Stage.) 



ALLINGHAM, JUHN TILL, a very successful dramatic writer, 

 xouie of whose farces especially were what is called stock pieces at 

 the beginning of the 19th century. They have no great pretensions 

 to wit or humour ; but they are full of liveliness and bustle, and were 

 adapted to the peculiar talents of the most popular comedians of the 

 tiiiiH. ' The Weathercock ' and ' Fortune's Frolic ' are th best known 

 of hi* productions. Allingham was the son of a wine-merchant in 

 London, and was brought up to the legal profession. We neither can 

 ascertain the date of his birth nor the exact period of his death. In 

 an edition of ' Fortune's Frolic,' forming one of the series of dramatic 



BIOO. MV. VOL. I. 



pieces published by a bookseller named Cumberland, about twelve 

 years ago, we find this notice of Allingham : " We remember him 

 some twenty years since in the busy throng about "Change, in the 

 capacity, we believe, of a stock-broker. He has been dead some 

 years." 



ALLORI, the name of two distinguished Italian painters, father 

 and son. The father, Alessandro, was born at Florence in 1535, and 

 was brought up by his uucle Angelo Bronzino, likewise a very dis- 

 tinguished painter. Allori, from his connection with his uncle, was 

 also frequently called Bronzino, and he sometimes wrote the name 

 upon his pictures. He was one of the most distinguished painters of 

 the anatomical school, and was a devoted admirer of Michel Angelo ; 

 but he appropriated nothing more of that great master than his 

 affected display of anatomy, which Allori seems to have considered 

 the greatest quality in art. In 1590 he published a treatise upon 

 anatomy for the use of artists. He died in 1607, and his portrait by 

 himself was placed in the Florentine gallery of painters' portraits. 



Allori's works, both in oil and fresco, are numerous, and many on a 

 large scale. His greate.-t work is the Montaguti Chapel in the church 

 of the Aununciata, painted in oil in 1582. He has painted there, a 

 Last Judgment, Christ disputing with the Doctors, and Christ driving 

 the Money Changers from the Temple. In the second he has intro- 

 duced the portraits of Michel Angelo and Giacomo da Pontormo in 

 their own costume, besides several other portraits of his contem- 

 poraries. He was an excellent portrait- painter, and he constantly 

 introduced portraits of his friends into his historical pieces. 



The son, Crutofano Allori, born at Florence in 1577, was a better 

 painter than his father, whose style he abominated ; he used to call 

 him a heretic. He studied with Gregorio Pagaui, and rivalled that 

 painter in richness of colour, and surpassed him in delicacy of execu- 

 tion. But he was idle and fastidious, and his works are scarce. In 

 execution he was equal to anything, and he had of course a corre- 

 sponding skill in copying. He is said to have made some copies of 

 Correggio's Magdalen with some slight alterations in the background, 

 which now pass as duplicates by Correggio ; he generally made a slight 

 variation in the background ; the original of this work is at Dresden. 

 Cristofano was an excellent landscape-painter. His master-pieces are 

 considered the Miracle of San Giuliano, in the Pitti gallery ; San 

 Manetto, in the church de'Servi; Judith and Holopherues; and a 

 Magdalen, which was the portrait of his own mistress, a very beauti- 

 ful woman. The Judith is also her portrait, and the Holophernes was 

 painted from himself : it was engraved by Gondolfi for the ' Muse"e 

 Napoleon.' He died in 1621 ; his portrait is likewise in the Floren- 

 tine portrait gallery. 



(Baldiuucci, Notizie dc Professori del Disegno, &c. ; Lanzi, Storia 

 PUtorica, 4c.) 



ALLSTON, WASHINGTON, a distinguished American historical 

 and landscape painter, was born in South Carolina in 1779, and was 

 educated at Harvard College, which he entered in 1796, having spent 

 a preparatory term, by the advice of his physicians, at Newport, 

 Rhode Island. Having determined to follow painting as a profession, 

 he resolved to visit England for that purpose ; he accordingly set out 

 in 1801 with another artist for London, and entered the Royal Academy 

 of Arts of London as a student, in which he remained three years, 

 during the presidency of West. 



In 1801 be went with a friend to Paris, and thence to Rome, where 

 lie remained four years. In 1805 he attracted considerable notice 

 there by a picture of 'Jacob's Vision.' He excelled chiefly in colouring, 

 and is said to have created, considerable sensation among the painters 

 in Rome, by the peculiar effects which he accomplished, through a 

 great use of asphaltum after the manner of Rembrandt. He paiuted 

 several pictures at Rome, which were admired for their colour and 

 chiaroscuro ; among them a portrait of himself, and several landscapes. 



In 1809 Allston returned to America, and at Boston married the 

 sister of Dr. Channing. In 1811 he again visited England, where he 

 obtained the 200 guineas' prize from tho British Institution for a 

 jicture of the ' Dead Man raised by Elisha's Bones,' which was after- 

 wards bought by the Peunsylvauian Academy of the Arts for 3500 

 dollars. In 1813 he had the misfortune to lose his wife, at a time 

 when he was himself in a very weak state of health. In 1814 ho pub- 

 ished a book entitled ' Hints to Youug Practitioners in the Study of 

 Landscape Painting.' In 1817 he paid a second visit to Paris, with 

 Leslie the Academician; and he returned in the following year to 

 America, to Cambridijeport, a village in Massachusetts, where he 

 resided until his death in July, 1843. He was an Associate of tho 

 itoyal Academy of London ; bis election took place in 1819. 



Allston waa regarded with deep affection by friends iu England. 

 Of him Coleridge said he was " gifted with an artistic and poetic 

 jenius unsurpassed by any man of his age." His residence was not 

 'ar removed from Boston or from Harvard University ; but Allston 

 ived iu much seclusion. The American writers notice that, although 

 somewhat neglected by his countrymen, Lord Morpeth (Earl of Carlisle), 

 Ur. Labouchera, anJ M. de Tocqueville, sought him in his retreat to 

 offer their tribute of respect. 



ALMAQRO, DIEGO DE, one of the adventurers who weut from 

 Spain to the conquest of America. He was a foundling and brought 

 up by a clergyman of Alinagro, according to Gomara ; but according 

 to Zarate, of Malagon. When the success of Columbus'a voyagu 



