kMAOB 



AMIiERGER, CHRISTOPH. 



194 



, but thoufh be refused th. Mlaryof bisoffloe, 



4 4U bit best to perform hi. duti, be found it impossible to t i.fy 

 the popular ii|in4>li<M. and after enduring what b* call* official 

 martyrdom foe fir. mootha, be WM gUd to exchange hU port f-T a 

 mhsYnii to Paris. The object of thia WM to obtain tb intervention 

 of the republican government; bui in thii he failed, and at the renewal 

 of boetilities in Sicily. March 1 849, b again irpairr.1 to Palermo. He 

 MW at onoe tb further resistance WM hopeless, and be left the city 

 April M. the day before it furreodered to the Neapolitan general 

 He reached Para in safrty, and once more returned to bit literary 

 punuita. Soon afterwards be puUUbed a political brochure, < La 

 Shak et lea Bourbona.' Hie subsequent publications bare been sug- 

 gelled by hie Arabia reeearches : Sol wan-af Mote, oeaa confetti politic! 

 di Ibo-Zafer, Arabo Sidliano del XII eecolo;' and tome paper, in the 

 Aafctio Journal* 



AXA8I3, or AMOSIS, the eighth king, according to Africanut, of 

 the twenty-tilth dynacty of Egyptian kiugs, reigned from ac. 69 to 

 B.C. S24. Amatis wai a native of Sioupb, in the notno* (district) of Sail, 

 in the Delta. Being eent by Apriee (the Pharaoh Hophra of Scripture, 

 Jeran. Mr. SO) to etop a mutiny in the Egyptian army, be wan pro- 

 claimed king by the rebels, and defeated hii matter, who WM sup- 

 ported by a force of 30,000 Carians and Ionian Greeks. Anusis 

 became King of Egypt, and Apriee, being surrendered to the Egyptians, 

 WM put to death. 



ft meets married a Greek wife from Cyrene, and allowed Greek 

 merctuDU to (ettle at Nancratis, and to build temples and bazaars. 

 Pythagoras and Solon are laid to have visited Egypt in his reign. 

 Amais decorated Sais with magnificent propylica to the temple of 

 Athene*, with oolossi and androsphinxes, and a monolith (one-stone) 

 temple brought 000 mile* down tie river from the quarries of Syene. 

 Sate, the royal reaidence of Amaais, which is now called Sa-cl-Hajar, 

 or Sa, ' the Rock,' exhibits only mounds of rubbish and pottery, and 

 untried bricks. 



He placed a ooloesus 75 Greek feet long, flanked by two figures 

 SO feet high, in front of the temple of Hephaestus (Phtha) at Memphis. 

 lie placed another at Sais, of the same siie. Amatia also extended 

 thei commerce of Egypt by the conquest of Cyprus. Agriculture no 

 lees flourished during his reign. He was succeeded by his son Psam- 

 menitos, who was conquered by Cambyses the Persian, B.C. 625. 



(Ztocrtpfum de rSffyple., Antiquiid, voL v. ; Herod., it 162-182.) 



All ATI, the name of a family of violin-makers, resident at Cremona 

 from the first half of the 16th to the termination of the 17th century, 

 . f which the brothers Andrea and Nicolo appear to have been the 



first who rivalled the eminent Tyrolese workmen. 



in ranker previ 

 1789 the Baron de Bagge possessed an instrument which bore his 



Afdrta Amali was a violin mnk 



ions to the year 1551, for in 



name and that date. For some years afterwards, Andrea, in con- 

 junction with his brother Nicolo, continued the manufacture of 

 violins, violas, and violoncellos, which to this day are justly valued by 

 all connoisseurs for their excellent form and finish, aud their sweet 

 and brilliant tone. Of their violoncellos few at present are known to 

 exist, and these are highly admired and prized. Nicolo, whose repu- 

 tation is more especially identified with these instruments, is some- 

 times erroneously confounded with his great nephew of the same 



Antonio Amali, son of Andrea, was born at Cremona in 1565, and 

 for some time worked with bis brother Ueronimo. The violin which 

 Antonio made for Henry IV. of France is still in existence, richly 

 ornamented and in perfect order. Its date is 1.195. The instruments 

 of Ocronimo Amati are considered less valuable than those of his 

 brother. Nicolo Amati, the son of Oeronimo, was living in 1692, at 

 a very advanced age. He followed the form and proportions of the 

 violin which his ancestors had adopted, and which are thus described 

 bv Jacob Otto of Weimar, who, in the course of his business as a 

 vtolia-makrr, profuses to have bad thirty of their instruments pass 

 through hia bands : " All their instruments were constructed after 

 the simplest rules of mathematics, and the six which came into my 

 roassdon unspoilt were made nfu-r the following pro(>ortions. The 

 belly WM strongest where the bridge rests; it then diminished about 

 a third at that part where the / holes are cut, and where the belly rests 



proportion* an beat adapted for producing a full, clear, and 



Tnas 

 A1UTO 



VmitcntUt oV 

 *"*' lf 



"* 



Otto, On Ike Violm 



O, GIOVANNI ANTONIO D 1 , a distinguuhed painter of 

 the early half of the 10th century, and one of the best of the Nea- 

 potila* paiotera, WM horn at Naples in 1475. His master is not 

 known; be Mrmsto bare educated himself chiefly by studying the 

 works of Maertro Boooo, who died in 1486, and an alUu-meoe of 

 Retro Prrogino, which is In the cathedral of Naplrs. 

 AtMto iniiiinil that reverential feeling which associated art with 

 H MVW commetiord a picture of the Madonna and liatn- 

 Mao, hie most favourite subject, without first taking the sacrament, 



and thus purifying himself for the holy task. He carried his feding 

 of propriety so far as to consider it wrong to paint even a partially 

 naked woman ; and impressed with this feeling he refused to jwint 

 the decorations of the triumphal arch which WM erected in honour 

 of Charles V. when lie visited Naples : he recommended Andrea da 

 Salerno to the authorities in his place. 



Though as a painter be lived chiefly in the 16th century, bin style 

 is more that of the quattrooentisti, and is very similar to that of 

 Perugino, but, with equally good colouring, the forms of Amato are 

 fuller than those of Perugino. He painted in oil and in fresco, but 

 his frescos have almost all disappeared : they have either been white- 

 washed, or have disappeared in the repairing of their localities. His 

 best picture is considered to be the Dispute on the Sacrament, in the 

 Cathedral of Naples. 



Amato was a man of general acquirements, and devoted much of 

 his time with assiduity and delight to the cultivation of letter*. II- 

 wrote a commentary upon difficult passages in the Sacred Scriptures. 

 Ho died at Naples in 1555, aged 80. 



Of Amato's numerous scholars, his own nephew of the same name, 

 born in 1535, was one of the most distinguished. He was called II 

 Giovane, the Young, to distinguish him from his uncle, who, however, 

 was himself sometimes called II Vecchio, or the Elder. The nephew 

 after the death of his uncle studied with Oio. Bernardo Lama, an older 

 scholar of the elder Amato. His best work is a large and admirable 

 altar-piece of the Infant Christ, in the church of the Banco de' Poveri 

 at Naples : he was a beautiful colouriat He died at Naples in 1598. 



(Dominici, Vile de Pittori, <<., ffapolilani.) 



AMATO, or AMATUS, JOANNES RUUERICUS, often called 

 Amatus Lusitanus, a very eminent physician of the 16th century. 

 Amato was of a Jewish family, and was born at Castel-Branco, in the 

 province of Beira in Portugal, in 1511. Like many of his nation, con- 

 cealing his religious faith, he was educated at Salamanca ; after leaving 

 which he travelled in France, the Netherlands Germany, and Italy. 

 He remained for some time both at Venice and Ferrara, giving lectures 

 on the medical art. Before 1549 Amato bad removed to Ancona, 

 where he resided and practised his profession till 1555. While here 

 he had the honour of being several times called to Rome to attend 

 the Pope, Julius III. Dread of the Inquisition, however, whose 

 notice had been attracted to him as a concealed Jew, induced him, in 

 1555, to withdraw to Pesaro. From Pesaro he some time after 

 retired to liaguso, and from thence, in 1559, to Thessalonica (Saloniki), 

 where he mode open profession of the religion of his forefathers. He 

 is ascertained to have been olive in 1561, but no notice of him occurs 

 after that date, and it is not known when he died. Amato is the 

 author of two works, both of which were long ranked among the most 

 esteemed medical treatises of modern times. The one is entitled, in 

 the first edition, printed in 4 to, at Antwerp, in 1536, 'ExegemaU in 

 Priores duos Dioscoridis de Materia Medica Libros ;' and iu subse- 

 quent editions, ' Enarrationes in Diosooridem.' The other is his 

 ' Curationum Medicinolium Centuriso Septem.' In both these works 

 the author is said to show an intimate acquaintance with the writings 

 of the Greek and Arabic physicians ; and they are also stated to con- 

 tain many curious notices both in medicine and in natural history. 

 Some of his biographers mention a translation into Spanish by Amato 

 of the ' Roman History ' of Eutropius. 



AMAZIAH, or AMAZIAHU, means literally 'one strengthened 

 by Jehovah,' and is the name of the ninth king of Judah, who began 

 to reign when he was twenty-five years old, about the year n.c. 838, 

 after his father Joash had been murdered iu the house of Millo by 

 his own servant* Jozachor and Jehozabat. (2 Kings, xiv.) Aiuaziah 

 reigned twenty-nine years iu Jerusalem ; his mother's name was Jeho- 

 addan of Jerusalem. He fought with the Edomitcs, of whom he slew 

 20,000, and took Selah, and called it Joktucel. The name of Selah is 

 translated faro, ' rock,' by the Greeks. The remains at this place 

 in Arabia Petnea, between the Dead Sea and the Elauitic Gulf, are 

 described by Irby and Mangles (' Travels,' p. 336, &c.) 



Amaziah next declared war against Jehoash, the king of Israel, but 

 was defeated and taken prisoner. Jerusalem was also taken and 

 plundered. Amaziah, however, recovered his liberty, and rc-igued 

 fifteen years after the death of Jehoath, whcu a conspiracy having 

 been formed against him, he fled to Licbish ; but he was pursued and 

 slain there, and buried in Jerusalem. He was succeeded by his son, 

 Azariah, 'help of Jehovah,' or Uaiah, 'power of Jehovah,' who WM 

 sixteen years old (2 Kings, xiv.; 2 Chron. xxv. ; Jos., ' Antiq.,' ix. 

 9, 10). 



AMBERGER, CHRISTOPH, a celebrated old Gorman painter of 

 the 16th century, was of a family of Amberg in the Ober 1'falz, whence 

 his name ; but Amberger himself was, according to Von Mechel, born 

 at N urn berg about 1490. His father was a stonemason, and his grand- 

 father WM a carver in wood at Amberg. Nothing is known of 

 Amberger's early history previous to 1530, when he was air 

 painter of some note, ami in great employment at Augsburg. Tho 

 works which he executed at this time however were chiefly in dis- 

 temper. He painted the exteriors of some houses in this UIHIIIH-I- ; 

 and, upon canvas, twelve pictures of the history of Joseph in Egypt, 

 which are still a'. Augsburg. 



Amberger painted also in oil and iu fresco. HU oil pictures are 

 chiefly portraits, much in the style of Holbein, whose portrait* he 



