ANDBRSBN, HANS CHRISTIAN. 



ANDERSON, ALEXANDER, M.D. 



n. : , i 



tortan, TM^m, Ffeaoa. MsJullia. and transferred thair inhabitants to 

 hi* capital, giving 'bem < P l * of *bd*t not indeed any ground 

 wiihin UM walk, but part of the Aventine and tlio valley now the 



_, party UM 



quoted too by Luentiua, iii. 10SS); other" condemned hi* unworthy 

 lov. at popularity. (Virgil, .Kn ,' vi. 81.) Tbe Latin towns just 

 njnrttomrl are supposed to have been situated between Roma and the 

 roast ; and mdvM UM eonqn**t* of Ui* king extended to tbe mouth of 

 the Tiber, where he stablished a colony under tbe name of Ostia, 

 thus Hearing to Rome tbe navigation of the river. In his war againit 

 Veil be WM equally successful ; and to protect hi people on that side 

 he fortified the Janiculum. and connected it with the city by means 

 of the Stored Bridge oalled the Pom Sublicius, in the construction of 

 which no bras* or iron wai used. Thi* bridge, repaired from time to 

 time under the direction of the college of prieiU called Pontifices 

 (bridge- inaken), who religiously adhered to the principle of excluding 

 all moul, luted until the year B.C. 23, when it was carried away by 

 an extraordinary inundation of the Tiber, and it* place aupplied the 

 following year by a stone bridge erected by the censor .t milins Lepidus. 

 A atill more durable monument connected with the name of Ancua U 

 the pri*on formed out of a quarry in that tide of the Capitoline bill 

 which overlooks the Forum. It would be idle to copy from Dionysius 

 UM detailed account of the transaction* which ore aaid to have filled 

 tb reign of twenty-three or twenty-four yean assigned by the chrouo- 

 logists to Uiis monarch. It has been already stated that Ancua Marcius 

 WM said to be the grandson of Nmna. In this tradition Niebuhr sees 

 a trace of the regulation by which tbe kings of Rome were chosen 

 alternately from tbe two leading tribes. The plebeian family of the 

 Msreti vainly endeavoured to refer their origin to this king. 



(Uy, i. 35-45 ; Dionysius, iii. 36-45 ; with Niebuhr's Roman 

 J/uiery, translated by Hare and ThirKall, vol. i., pp. 346-S50.) 



! A N S CHRISTIAN, was born at Odense, in Fiinen, 

 Denmark, April 2, 1805. His father, who was a shoemaker and in but 

 humble circumstances, hiving died while Hans wag yet a child, he was 

 removed from school almost as soon as he had learned to read, arid 

 plaeid in a workshop. As Uie boy grew up he evinced an increasing 

 fondness for books, and found friends who encouraged hit inclination ; 

 but the reading of some plays having excited in him a fancy for the 

 life of an actor, he contrived to save from his earnings a few shillings, 

 and with thow in his pocket be set out when fourteen years of age for 

 Copenhagen. His application for employment at the theatres was 

 unheeded, and his stock of money becoming exhausted, he was glad 

 gain to find employment at a handicraft After a time however 

 Frofsesor Sitxmi, who had heard him sing, and was pleased as much 

 with bis manner as with his voice, offered to train him as a singer, and 

 introduce him to the stage. For more than a year Hans pursued hia 

 oriinl studies, when his voice broke, and his tutor told him he must 

 give up all thoughts of succeeding as a vocalist He now took to 

 preparing occasional pieces for the stage; but from this ill-paid 

 drudgery be was rescued by some literary friends, who procuivl him 

 admission at a royal scholar to the gymnasium, and subsequently to 

 collage. Here he distinguished himself by his poetical exercises, and 

 on UM publication of a volume of poems in 1331, Oehlenschliiger and 

 BOM other eminent Danish writers having brought their merits before 

 UM king of Denmark, bis majesty granted Andersen a sum sufficient 

 to anabU him to travel through Germany, France, Switzerland, and 

 Italy. During his travels be formed an intimacy with several eminent 

 artist* and literary men. and laid up a rich store of observations. Of 

 UMSB journeys be, soon after his return to Copenhagen, published 

 various sketches, which secured for him considerable reputation. The 

 Improvisator*, 1 suggested by his Italian travels, marked him out as 

 tbe posMMor of an original turn of genius ; which his ' 0. T.,' ' Only 

 a Fiddler,' Danish Fairy Legends and Tale*,' to, established beyond 

 dispute. Other works, chiefly short tales and sketches, followed in 

 quick saeocsaion, and his name began to be heard of beyond bis own 

 Mtinlij. In 1840 be travelled into tbe East, and on bis return gave 

 to UM world at the fruit of his journey the Poet's Baiaar.' In 1845 

 be wonted from his old patron, the king of Denmark, a pension 

 which placed him beyond th* risk of pecuniary need. In the next 

 rear be travelled through BOOM, Naples, and tbe Pyrenees, and wrote 

 his True Story of NjUaV The following year he visited England, 

 and BMt with a hearty reception. His English visit appears, from 

 Mba*qu*at writings, one of which he entitled Christmas Greetings to 

 toy Friend* in England,' to have afforded him singular pleasure; and 

 he has .mo* written on. of his longaU works, UM Two Baronetue*,' 

 *?*"?* His'HjWnocr;' 'En N.ti KoeskadeT' 

 * qd "^ P B * nUii * *nd Taudevillet are written iu 



always supported uj KIIIUIIUCH 01 icon 

 and bis thorough geniality of temper, wi 

 poa* which they plainly though unostonl 

 delight every class of reader ; and at 



Th* collected edition of 

 in 35 volumes 12mo., and 

 -_j|y to the number. He ia undoubtedly a 

 i or J guM, bat bis genius is In* comprehensive than he 

 or hi* admirer* an always ready to allow. He ia 

 Ulw and brief stories. In them his poetical spirit 

 and lively imagination, arnMtos*. of manner, quaint humour) 



always supported by kindliness of feeling and often by deep pathos, 



iper, with the wbolesomeuess of 

 noatontatiously exhibit, never fail to 

 ind at tbe same time they have an 



artistic finish and completeness which place them as works of art 

 among tbe foremost of their clans. In hi- !<>m;er works he so mn. 

 the common-place, so elaborately depicts tbe ordinary incidents of 

 every-day life, so indiscriminately paints all the minuter details, that 

 while tbe parts are tiresome tbe whole ia unimpressive. Ev n his 

 travels, pleasant as they are at first, become, like the naive vui 

 the author, after a time wearisome from the constant iteration. 

 in bis own peculiar stylo Andersen is one of tbe moat on. 

 of the day, and few have delighted so wide a circle of readers. Ilia 

 more popular stories have been translated into moat of the European 

 languages, and everywhere they have speedily become fav. 

 both young and old. 



ANDERSON, ADAM, was born in Scotland, iu 1692. Having 

 come to London, he obtained tbe situation of clerk in ti. 

 House, with which establishment he continued to be connect 

 forty years, having risen at last to be Chief clerk of the Stock an 1 

 New Annuities. In tbe charter, granted iu 17'i-, for tbe establish- 

 ment of the colony of Georgia iu America, Mr. Anderson was appointed 

 one of tbe trustees to carry that object into execution ; an<l be also 

 held a seat iu the court of assistants of tbe Scotch Corpora' 

 London. He died, at his bouse in Red Linn-street, Clerkeuw 

 the 10th of January, 1765. The chief occupation of many y, 

 Mr. Anderson's life was the composition of hia voluminous and well- 

 known work, tbe ' Historical and Chronological Deduction of Trade 

 and Commerce,' which was first published in two vols., folio, in 

 In a work written before the publication of tbe ' Wealth of Nations,' 

 by a man who was a laborious searcher after facts and not a philo>o- 

 pher, it will readily be supposed that there are many politico-econo- 

 mical errors. The theory of a balance of trade is carefully a.i 

 to, and a nation's prosperity is estimated by tbe excess of the exports 

 over the imports, Anderson was an enthusiastic admirer of tbe 

 colonial system, and believed tbat foreign possessions were a benefit at 

 any coat, while he was totally unconscious of tbe influence of capital 

 on the extent of a nation's trade. On tbe other hau.l, he held 

 many opinions on important subjects which the progress of political 

 economy has not subverted, and which procured him from Adam 

 Smith the character of a "sober and judicious writer." He viewed 

 landed wealth as tbe creature of industry, and considered rent as a 

 per centago on tbe commercial transactions of a country, lie was 

 alive to the danger of any issue of inconvertible paper currency ; be 

 supported a labour-test a* a sound principle iu poor-laws; and ho 

 attacked all internal monopolies and restrictions on trade. ' The 

 Annals of Commerce,' published by Macphersou iu 1805, are merely 

 an improved and corrected edition of Anderson's book. 



ANDERSON, ALEXANDER, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, 

 who, in the beginning of tbe 17th century, while yet a young man, 

 appears to have settled as a private teacher of the mathematics in 

 Paris. Neither the year of his birth nor that of his death is known. 

 He is the author of tbe following works: 'Supplementum Apol- 

 lonii Redivivi,' 4to., Parin, 1612; "Airio\oyla, pro Zetetico Apollo- 

 niani I'roblematis a se jampridem editio in hupplemento Apollouii 

 Redivivi,' 4to, Paris, 1615; 'Ad Angularium Sectionuui Aualyticeu 

 Tbeoremata KatfoAixwrfpo, a Francisco Vieta Foutemeou&i priumm 

 excogitata, at absque ulla Demonstrations ad nos transmiasa, jam 

 tandem Demonstrationibus coufirinata,' 4to, Paris, 1615; 'Yindiciie 

 Archimedis,' 4to, Paris, 1616 ; ' ExerciUtionum Mathernaticarum 

 Dicos Prima,' 4to, Paris, 1619. All these works are very scarce. 

 Mr. Anderson also appears to have been selected by the executors of 

 the eminent Vieta, who died in 1603, to superintend the publication of 

 his imprinted manuscripts. Two treatises of Vieta accordingly, r; 

 ' De Aqimtionuui Recognitione ct Emendatione,' appeared at 1 

 in 4to, Itil5, with a dedication, preface, and appendix by Anderson. 



ANDERSON, ALEXANDER. M.D., for many years superintendent 

 of the botanic garden iu the island of St. Vincent He was early in 

 life sent to tbe Caribbee Islands, and made many observations on their 



Plain in the Island of Trinidad.' In this paper, in addition to tbe 

 account of the remarkable mass of bituminous matter occup;, 

 space of three square miles, he describes tbe existence of several hot 

 springs, and tbe general geological features of tbe island. Iu 1798 

 he forwarded a paper to tbe Society for the Encouragement of Arts 

 and Manufactures, on ' The state of some of tbe most valuable Plants 

 in his Majesty's Botanic Garden in the Island of St Vincent.' Among 

 the plants described was tbe bread-fruit tree of Otaheite (Arlocar),u 

 incuiu). For this paper a silver medal was awarded him liy the 

 Society of Arts, and he was made a corresponding member. Tho 



Kper was published in the 16th volume of the Society's 'Transit' 

 1802 two papers appeared in the 20th volume nf ti 

 'Transactions by Dr. Anderson. One of the papers was on 



1'int (CaryoiAyllui aromaticui), as cultivated at M. Vincent's. 

 This was one of the first attempts that bad been made to cultivate 

 the clove in the West Indies. The second paper was on the ciunamou- 



