ANGLESEY, MARQUIS OF. 



ANGOULEME, DUG D'. 



quitted Benevente he received intelligence that the enemy had arrived, 

 and that their cavalry were crossing the Ezla. Lord Paget hastened 

 to the ford, and directed the 10th Hussars under General Stewart to 

 charge the Imperial Guard, who had crossed the stream. The French 

 were driven back with considerable loss in killed, wounded, and pri- 

 soners, among the latter being General Lefebvre Desuouettes, com- 

 mander of the Imperial Guard. At the battle of Corunna Lord Paget 

 had the command of the reserve, and his charge in support of the right 

 wing, which was menaced by a far superior force, decided the fortune 

 of the day. 



Lord Paget returned to England in 1809, and did not again serve 

 abroad during the Peninsular war. In 1810 he was divorced from his 

 first wife, by whom he had had eight children. Soon after the divorce 

 Lady Paget married the Duke of Argyll, and Lord Paget married Lady 

 Cowley, who had just been divorced from Lord Cowley. In 1812 he 

 succeeded, by the death of his father, to the title of Earl of Uxbridge. 



In the early part of 1815 the Earl of Uxbridge commanded the troops 

 collected in London for the suppression of the corn-law riots ; but a 

 more important service soon devolved upon him. When Napoleon 

 escaped from Elba, and startled Europe by the ease with which he 

 re-assumed the imperial crown, the armies of the allied sovereigns 

 were at once Bet in motion against him. The Earl of Uxbridge was 

 appointed commander of the cavalry of the English army, and his 

 management of this arm of the service excited general admiration. 

 At the battle of Waterloo his gallantry, as well as his skill, was con- 

 spicuous amidst the almost unequalled gallantry of which that field 

 was the theatre. It was the final charge of the heavy brigade, led by 

 the earl, that destroyed the famous French Guard, and with it the 

 hopes of the emperor. Almost at the close of the battle a shot struck 

 the earl on the knee, and it was found necessary to amputate his leg. 

 The limb was buried in a garden by the field of battle, and some 

 enthusiastic Belgian admirers erected on the spot a monument, with 

 an inscription commemorating the circumstance, which is always one 

 of the objects shown to visitors to Waterloo. The service rendered 

 by the earl at Waterloo was generally recognised and duly rewarded. 

 Immediately the despatches of the commander-iu-chief were received 

 the earl was raised to the dignity of Marquis of Anglesey, and nomi- 

 nated a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ; while he received 

 from the emperors of Austria and Russia, and other European sove- 

 reigns, corresponding knightly dignities. In 1818 he was elected 

 Knight of the Order of the Gurter; in 1819 he attained the full rank 

 of general ; at the coronation of George IV. he held the office of Lord 

 High Steward of England ; and in 1826 he received the sinecure office 

 of Captain of Cowea Castle. 



When Canning became prime minister, April 1827, the Marquis of 

 Anglesey formed one of his cabinet, having succeeded the Duke of 

 Wellington as Master-General of the Ordnance; but this office he 

 resigned in the following spring to become, under the ministry of the 

 Duke of Wellington, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. To the duties of 

 this important station the marquis addressed himself with characte- 

 ristic energy, and by his zeal, impartiality, and ardent temperament, 

 won a remarkable share of popularity. But his ardour outran his 

 discretion. He had already in conversation expressed opinions which 

 the ministry regarded as imprudent, and found to be inconvenient ; 

 and when, in December 1823, he wrote a letter to the Koman Catholic 

 primate directly favourable to Roman Catholic emancipation, he was 

 at once recalled. The day of his departure from the castle was kept 

 in Dublin as a day of mourning ; the shops were closed, business was 

 suspended, and his embarkation was attended by large numbers of all 

 classes of the citizens. In the House of Lords the marquis was a warm 

 advocate of the measure which his letter had done much to hasten 

 forward. Earl Grey became prime minister in November, 1830, and 

 the Marquis of Anglesey was restored to his vice-regal office. But his 

 popularity did not return to him. He set his face against the pro- 

 ceedings of O'Connell, and his former services were forgotten. The 

 coercion acts which he thought it needful to obtain for securing the 

 public peace in Ireland led to great dissatisfaction : misunderstandings 

 and recriminations occurred between O'Connell, who declared himself 

 tricked, and the ministry, and in consequence Earl Grey resigned July, 

 1833 ; and with him the Marquis of Anglesey, who was regarded as 

 the cause of the ministerial break-up, also quitted office. Of the 

 thorough honesty of purpose of the marquis's administration of his 

 vice-regal functions, after the temporary clamours against him had 

 subsided, there has been nowhere any doubt. That he displayed any 

 high order of statesmanship there can be no pretension raised. . The 

 institution by which bis tenure of office is most likely to be remem- 

 bered is the Irish Board of Education, which was originated and care- 

 fully fostered by him, and which has proved one of the greatest benefits 

 conferred on Ireland in recent years. 



From this time the marquis took little part in public affairs until 

 the formation of the administration of Lord John Russell in July, 

 1846, when he again became Master-General of the Ordnance; the 

 duties of which office he sedulously performed till February, 1852, 

 when the Russell ministry was replaced by that of Lord Derby. He 

 was made colonel of the Horse-Guards in 1842, and was advanced to 

 the dignity of field-marshal in 1846. He died full of years and honours 

 April 2t>, 1 851. By his first wife the Marquis of Anglesey had issue 

 two sons and six daughters ; by his second wife he had six sons aud 



four daughters. He was succeeded in his title, and as lord-lielf^ 

 of Anglesey, by his eldest son, the present marquis. 



ANGOULEME, DUC and DUCHESSE D'. Louis Anloine <l< 

 Bourbon, Due d'Angoulume, and afterwards Dauphin of France, the 

 son of the Comte d'Artois (afterwards king by the name of Charles X.), 

 and of Marie Thereae de Savoie, was born at Versailles on the 6th of 

 August, 1775, and died at Goritz on the 3rd of June, 1814. He was 

 fourteen years of age when the revolution broke out. The Comte 

 d'Artois, in order to protest by his absence against those concessions 

 for which he blamed his brother, the king, emigrated in 1789; his two 

 sons followed him to Turin, the court of their grandfather, where for 

 some time they devoted themselves to the military sciences. In 1792 

 the young duke received a command in Germany, but attained no 

 distinction. The ill success of this campaign induced him to return 

 to a state of inaction, in which he continued until 1814. In 1799 he 

 married his cousin, the unhappy orphan of the Temple, whose whole 

 life had been one continued series of misfortunes. 



Marie Tlterese Charlotte, the daughter of king Louis XVI. by his 

 marriage with Marie Antoinette of Austria, aud who from her cradle 

 bore the title of Madame Royale, was born at Versailles on the 19th 

 of December, 1778, and died October 19th, 1851. She was not fourteen 

 years old when the events of the 10th of August, 1792, overthrew her 

 father's throne, aud drove her entire family from the pomps of Ver- 

 sailles to the prison of the Temple. Her parents were led thence to 

 the scaffold; and the young princess had successively to deplore her 

 father, her mother, her aunt Elizabeth, and her brother. At last 

 Austria remembered the grand-daughter of Marie The'rese ; negoci- 

 ations were made in her favour; and on the 26th of December, 1795, 

 at Riehen, near Bale, they effected an exchange of the daughter of 

 Louis XVI. for four members of the National Convention. Arrived 

 at Vienna, the princess remained there more than three years, living 

 on a legacy bequeathed to her by her aunt, the Duchess of Saxe 

 Teschen. She married her cousin at Mittau on the 10th of June, 

 1799. The newly-married couple remained at Mittau till the com- 

 mencement of 1801. They then sought an asylum at Warsaw. Fortune 

 tossed them from place to place. Given up by Prussia, they returned 

 to Mittau in 1805 ; and the following year the Emperor Alexander, in 

 his turn, abandoned them. England, to which the power of Napoleon 

 could not reach, alone offered them a lasting refuge. Here Louis XVIII. 

 repaired towards the end of 1806, and some time after purchased a 

 residence at Hartwell, in Buckinghamshire, where all the family were 

 soon re-united. There the Duke aud Duchess d'Angouleme lived in 

 the most profound retirement, until the Anglo-Spanish army passed 

 the Pyrenees, when the Duke d'Augoulume joined it, having landed 

 at a Spanish port on the Mediterranean. 



After the restoration of the Bourbon family the Duke and the 

 Duchess d'Angouleme were at Bordeaux, which was regarded as an 

 eminently royalist town, and very favourable to the Bourbon cause, 

 when on the 9th of March the news of Napoleon's landing was con- 

 veyed to them from Paris. Having been appointed the preceding year 

 colonel-general of the Cuirassiers and Dragoons, and high-admiral of 

 France, the duke then received the extraordinary powers of a lieute- 

 nant-general of the kingdom. He immediately formed a government 

 for the southern provinces, collected troops, and on the road to Lyou 

 gained several advantages over the Bonapartists. On her part, the 

 duchess evinced great resolution ; reviewed the troops, visited them 

 iu barracks, and endeavoured to rekindle the dying spark of love for 

 the Bourbons. It was no doubt concerning this conduct that Napoleon 

 remarked of her, that she was " the only man of her family." Her 

 efforts were however as fruitless as those of her husband. But the 

 second abdication of Napoleon after the battle of Waterloo decided 

 the question without a civil war. 



On the accession of Charles X., September 16th, 1824, the Duke 

 d'Angouleme took the ancient title of Dauphin. 



The decrees of the 25th of July, 1830, re-opened the road which was 

 for the third time to conduct the royal family to the land of exile. 

 They arrived in England on the 23rd of August, and were received as 

 private individuals. Charles X. asked and obtained leave to take up 

 his abode, when at Edinburgh, in Holyrood Castle. 



They soon after removed to the continent, and fixed their residence 

 at Goritz, iu Hungary. The duchess survived her husband seven 

 years. 



ANGOULEME, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUC D', the natural sou 

 of Charles IX. of France aud Marie Touchet, was born April 28, 1573, 

 about a year before the death of his father. Being educated for the 

 church, he was at the age of fourteen made abbot of Chaise-Dieu, and 

 two years after Grand Prior of France, that is, head of the Order of 

 the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, or Knights of Malta, in that 

 kingdom. This same year however, having received by the bequest 

 of Catherine de Medicis the earldoms of Auvergne and Lauraguais, he 

 relinquished his ecclesiastical condition ; and henceforth he appears 

 chiefiy in a military character. He was one of the first to give in his 

 allegiance to Henry'IV., in whoae cause he fought with distinguished 

 gallantry at Arques, at Ivry, and at Fontaine- Fran^oise. After the ter- 

 mination of the war however ho is charged with having been concerned 

 both in the conspiracy of the Marshal de Birou in 1602, and in that 

 fomented in 1604 by the Marchioness de Verneuil, Henry's mistress, 

 who was Angoulumc's half-sister, being a daughter of Marie Touchet. 



