

ANSELM. 



which *mb*lli*bed it-SwiA, Pope, Addison, Steal*, Prior, Oay, 

 Arbuthnot, and llolingbrok*. 



(Btfgftfkieui Didtonary of 0* Socitiy for fA IHfuio* of I'vfol 



ANNIU8 of Viterbo, a well-known Dominican monk, who lived in 

 the 15th century. HU real name was Giovanni Nanui, but in con- 

 formity with the cuetom of the age h Latinised it, and dropped the 

 first letter, in order to raider it more completely rlnssinsl Ha wa 

 born at Viterbo in 1432, and died in 1502. lie entered early into the 

 Dominican order, and became famoui for hi* acquaintance with the 

 F art em a* well at the Greek tad Latin language*. Uii work> are 

 voluminous : the moet remarkable is entitled Antiquitatum Rariorum 

 Vnlumin* XVII., earn Commentarii* Fr. JoannU Annii Vitorbiensi*,' 



This collection profeawe to contain a number of historian* of high 

 antiquity Beraoa, Manetho, Myrsilus the Lesbian, Fabius Pictor, 

 Marco* Cato, and others. That thee pretended historians were 

 fomrsM, there can now be no doubt. He published two other works 

 which excited a great sensation from the circumstances of the time*, 

 and the recent capture of Constantinople, one entitled ' Tractatus de 

 Imperio Turcorum,' the other ' De Futuria ChrutUnurum Triuniphis 

 in Tureo* et Saraceno* ad Xystum IV., et Omne* Prinoipes Chris- 

 Uano*.' 



ANNO. JHAJisol 



AXQUKTIL DU PERRON, ABRAHAM HYACINTHE, was born 

 at Paris on the 7th December, 1781. He received his early education in 

 Uwt capital. M. de Caylus, then bishop of Auxerre, induced him to 

 study divinity, for which purpose Auquetil Tisited two theological 

 eminent*. But his fondness for the literature of the East, especially 

 the Arabian and Persian, did not allow him long to pursue his theo- 

 logical studies ; and he returned to Paris, where he made use of the 

 ample (tore* of oriental learning collected in the Bibliotheque du Roi. 

 A French army being fitted out for India, Anquetil resolved to avail 

 himself of this opportunity to viit India, and enrolled himself as a 

 private soldier, in which capacity he quitted Paris on the 7th of 

 November, 1754. It was only after bis departure that his friends 

 obtained for him a small pension (500 livres) from the French govern- 

 ment, to asaist him in the pursuit of his inquiries. Anquetil dis- 

 embarked at Pondicherry, on the Coromandel coast, the 10th of 

 August, 1755; hence he proceeded to Chandernagor, in Bengal, but 

 was disappointed in his hope of finding there an opportunity of learn- 

 ing the Sanscrit language. At this place he was taken ill, and the 

 capture of Chandernagor by the English soon obliged him to leave, 

 He went to Surat, where he became acquainted with some ' desturs,' 

 or Parsi priest* from Ouserat, whose assistance enabled him to make 

 the necessary preparations for the translation of the Zend A vesta, 

 which he published after his return home. The progress of the 

 British power induced Anquetil to leave India. He embarked for 

 Europe, and on the 4th of May, 1762, returned to Paris. The Abbe 

 Barthclemy procured him an appointment in the Bibliotheque du 

 Hoi, and in 1708 he was elected a member of the Acaddmie des 

 Belles- Let tres. From this time Anquetil devoted himself entirely to 

 literary labour*. In 1771 he published his principal work, a transla- 

 tion into French of the ' Zend AvesU,' or the sacred writings of the 

 Parsis, attributed by them to Zoroaster. The question concerning 

 the genuineness or authenticity and the exact date of these writings 

 is not vet ultimately settled. Of Anquetil'* other works we shall 

 her* only notice his ' Recherche* Historiques et Ooographique* *ur 

 I'ln.le,' which he pnbluhed in 1786; and hi* Latin interpretation of 

 Dsra Sbckuh's Persian translation of the Sanscrit ' Upanishads,' or 

 ancient and sacred treatises on the theology of the Brahmaiis, which 

 appeared under th* title ' Oupnekhat sive aecretum tegendum,' Ac. 

 (Strasbourg. 1804, 2 vols. 4to.) Anquetil died on the 15th of 

 January, 1S05. 



ANQUBT1L DU PERRON, LOUIS PIERRE, the elder brother 

 of the subject of the preceding article. He was born at Paris in 

 1723, and was, at an early age, appointed director of the Episcopal 

 Seminar? at Hhiims. From this place be was removed in 17iU to 

 the Priory of La- Hoc in Anjou, and thence to that of director of the 

 Collrg* of 8.01k. He then became Cure! of Chateau-Kenan! near 

 MooUrgia, The new ecclesiastical arrangement* made at the revolu- 

 tion transferred him from this village to list of La-VUletto near Paris; 

 and b*r* he remained till 1703; when, in the general proscription of 

 the ckrgy, be was seised and thrown into the prison of St-Lazare. 

 Th* c*U*troph of the Mh ThermHor (27th of July, 1794) delivered 

 AnqoetU along with the other victim* of the overthrown tyranny. 

 On the establishment of th* Institute of Belles- Lettre* in 1795, he 

 one of the members of the second class. He 



. 



noon after appointed to a place under government in the foreign office, 

 and this be b*U till his death on UM oth of September, 1808, at the 

 age of 84. He is th* author of considerable number of historical 

 work*, of which, however, only on* or two are Dow hold in much 



ANSALO'NI, OIOKUA'NO, wa* born about the beginning of the 

 17th century at 8t Stefano, a town in the diocvso of Gin- 

 Sicily. He early entered the orler of Preachers, and having heard 

 ecution* su 



of th* persecut 



by U Uoman Catholics in Japan, he 



, 



became anxiout to die a martyr in the cause of Christianity. With 

 thj* opres. rttw he rcnovtd to Spain to a convent of his order at 



Traxillo, and in 1625 obtained permission to go out a* a missionary 

 to the East. On his arrival in the Philippine* he was sent for some 

 lime on dnty to the hospital of the Chinese at Manilla, where, says 

 Aduarte, he did not content himself with learning to talk their 

 language, but learned to read and write their characters also, " a thing 

 in which very few people hare succeeded." He was thus enabled to 

 pass for a Chinese on his entering Japan, in 1632, in company with 

 some real Chinese, and dressed in their fashion. For two years he 

 continued to officiate as a priest in Japan, but on the 4th of August, 

 1634, was discovered and made prisoner in the city of Nangasaki. 

 After suffering a variety of the most dreadful tortures, he was hung 

 up with the head downwards, and left to starve, in which horrible 

 condition he lived seven days, dying on the 18th of November, l'i:ll. 

 Another priest, his companion, Father Touias de Sim Jacinto, wna 

 executed in the same manner, and at the same time sixty-nine 

 Christians were beheaded for their faith. 



ANSELM, archbishop of Canterbury in the reigns of William Rufus 

 and Henry I., commonly called St Anselm, was by birth nn Italian, 

 and a native of Aosta, a town of the Alps belonging to the Duke of 

 Savoy. He took the monastic habit in 1060, at the age of 27, at 

 Bee in Normandy, where Laufranc, afterwards archbishop of Canter- 

 bury, was prior. Three years after, when Lanfranc was promoted to 

 the abbacy of Caen, Auselm succeeded him as prior of liec ; ami when 

 1 1 rluin the abbot of that monastery died, Anselm became abbot of tho 

 house. Anselm came to England about 1092 by the invitation of 

 Hugh Lupus, earl of Cheater, who requested his aid in sickness. Soon 

 after his arrival William Uufua also required Anselm's assistance, and 

 finally nominated him (though with great difficulty of acceptance on 

 Anselm's part) to the see of Canterbury, which had lain vacant from 

 Lanfranc' s death in 10S9. Anselm, having first stipulated for tho 

 restitution of the possessions of the see as they had stood in his pre- 

 decessor's time, was consecrated with great solemnity, December 4th, 

 1093. In the following year a stinted offer, as the king thought it, of 

 5001., was the first cause of the royal displeasure towards Anselm ; 

 followed by further discontent when Anselm desired leave to go to 

 Rome to receive the pall from Pope Urban IL, whom the king refused 

 to acknowledge as pope. Auselm, seeing no probability of terminating 

 his disputes with the king, proposed a visit to Rome to consult the 

 Pope, but was personally refused the royal permission to depart. Ilia 

 resolution however was fixed : he went a second time to court to ask 

 for leave, and was again refused, but gave his blessing to tho king, 

 and embarked at Dover. As soon as the king hod ascertained that 

 Anselm had crossed the channel he seized upon the archbishopric, 

 and made every act of Anselm's administration void. The archbishop 

 got safe to Rome, and was honourably received by the Pope, whom he 

 afterwards accompanied to Capua. Hero he wrote a book upon our 

 Saviour's incarnation ; subsequent to which he assisted the pope at the 

 synod or council of Bari, where he prevented Urban from excommu- 

 nicating the king of England for his various and frequent outrage* 

 upon religion. The king however by presents and promises finally 

 bribed the court of Home to desert Anselm, who retired to Lyon, 

 where (with the interval of an attendance at a council at Home in 

 1099) he continued to reside till he heard of William Rufua's death, 

 with that of Pope Urban shortly after. Henry I. immediately upon 

 his accession invited Anselm to return to England, but fearing his 

 brother Robert's arrival a* a competitor for the throne, he was crowned 

 by another prelate. The archbishop was received in England with 

 extraordinary respect both by the king and people, but refusing to bo 

 re-invested by the king, and to do the same homage with his prede- 

 cessors, ho again fell under the displeasure of the court Notwith- 

 standing this, Anselm summoned a synod to meet at Lambeth, in 

 which it was determined that the king might lawfully marry Matilda, 

 the eldest daughter of Malcolm, king of Scotland, although BUO was 

 generally reported to be a nun ; he also rendered signal service to king 

 Henry in other respects. In 1102 another national synod was 1U 

 under Anselm at St. Peter's, Westminster, which was attended by the 

 king and principal nobility. In the year following, at the request of 

 the king and barons, Anselm himself took a voyage to Home, to arrange 

 if possible an accommodation ; the king at the some time, in distrust, 

 despatching an agent of his own to tho papal court, who arrived before 

 the archbishop. The Pope still continued inexorable, but wrote a 

 ceremonious letter to the king, promising compliance in other matters 

 if the king would but waive the matter of investiture. Anselm in 

 chagrin again took up his residence at Lyon, while a fresh embassy to 

 Rome from the king was still more unsuccessful than the former, tho 

 Pope levelling the heaviest censure* of tho Church ngain-t, .li!l<ivnt 

 persons of the English court who had dissuaded the king from parting 

 it:i the investitures. Anselm now removed from Lyon to the court 

 of A ' lu lii, countess of Blois, the king's sister, who during a visit which 

 Henry I. made to Normandy contrived an interview between him ami 

 Anselm, July 22, 1105, at tho castle of L'Aigle, when the king restored 

 to him the revenue* of the archbishopric, but refused pel-mission |..i 

 Anselm to return to England unless he would comply with th> 



Anselm, still refusing, remained in France, retiring to the abbey 



; and though tho English bishops, who till then had sided with 



the king, now changed their minds, and pressed Anselm to return, h- 



refused, till he was further informed of the proceedings of the court 



of Home. At length the Pope, adopting a middle course, refused to 



