AXSTKY, rUIlISTOPHER. 



ANTIOONUS. 



M 



and thy were however acquitted of any blame or neglect of doty by 

 the House of Common*, after an inquiry instituted subsequent to thaw 

 issspurkin The general justice of thu verdict may be questioned ; 

 but it seems elear that any faulu committed attached to the higher 

 bronchm of adminiatntion, not to the Admiralty. On the 84th of 

 February 1757 Anaon waa mad admiral, and on the Snd of July he 

 waa re-instated at the head of the Admiralty, where be remained for 

 the net of hu life. 



He waa ereaUd Admiral of the Fleet on the 30th of July, 1761 ; and 

 aailed in a few days from Harwich in the Charlotte yacht to convey 

 the future qneen of George III. of England. In February 1768 he 

 waa ordered to accompany the qneen'i brother. Prince Oeorge of Meck- 

 lenburg, to Portsmouth ; and on thii visit of ceremony be caught a 

 old which, settling upon hi. lungs, carried him to hu grave on the 

 tth of June. 1761 Lard Anaon married in April, 1748, Elisabeth, 

 Meet daughter of Lord Hardwicke, who died without issue on the lat 

 ofJwM.1760. 



' Lord Anon' Voyage Round the World' went through four Urge 

 inpressriana the Brat year, and baa been translated into most European 

 laafoagea. It waa written by Mr. Benjamin Hobinn from materials 

 faoniabad by Lord An-on. anil digested under his own inspection. A 

 Journal of A neon's Voyage' waa published in 1746 by Thomas Pasooe, 

 teachrr of the mathematics on board the Outurioo. 



(fiMyrspAico/ Jtietumary of Ike 1'i'fnl Knovltdge Socitty.) 



ANsTKY, CHIUSTOPHEK, the author of a poem of almost 

 mstqmdMI popularity in ita day, ' The New Bath Guide,' was born 

 OB the 31st of October, 1724. He was the son of the Her. Christopher 

 Ansuy. D.U.of Brinkley.Carobridgeshir* ; receiTed the rudimeuts of his 

 education at the Free school at Bury St. Edmunds; waa subsequently 

 king's scholar at Eton, and in due time became a scholar and a fellow 

 of Kind's College. Cambridge. In 1746 he took his bachelor's de- 

 gree. He waa refused his master's degn-e, in consequence of a some- 

 what absurd opposition to tho authorities of the university, who, 

 baring required the bachelors of King's to drliver certain declama- 

 tions, AnaUy recited an incoherent rhapsody instead of the composi- 

 tion which was require*!. His biographer says that he was " exem- 

 plary and regular in his moral conduct at the university.'' He held 

 hie fellowship till 1754, when, upon succeeding to the family estates 

 of his maternal grandfather, be resign<-d it, and quitted Camliri L-e. 

 Two yean afterwards he married. During the next ten years he was 

 aa occasions! resident at Bath ; but his celebrated poem was originally 

 printed at Trumpington, near Cambridge, at which place he lived upon 

 his own property. The first edition appeared in 1766, when the author 

 waa at the mature age of 42. Ita success was decided. It is easy to 

 understand the reason of this success. Without any knowledge of 

 the personalities involved in *ome of the descriptions, ' The New 

 Bath Ouide ' may still be read with pleasure, as a lively picture of a 

 pact state of society, droll if not witty, sparkling if not profound, and, 

 with some exceptions, not more malicious in its natire than is agreeable 

 to the) mere reader for amusement It is difficult however at the pre- 

 sent day to understand how some of its crossnesses could ever have been 

 tolerated. Its chief subjects of ridicule were doctors and Methodists. 

 All the world was ready to laugh, and without any great harm, at the 

 clever caricature of a fashionable community whose rulers were the 

 physician*; where the bumpkin of fortune who is come to drink the 

 waters sends for the doctor, and the doctor sends for the nurse, and 

 the nurse recommends a consultation, and they all meet together to 

 Ulk politics, till the patient begs them to think of bis stomach and 



In hi* gross satire upon the followers of Wesley and Whitfield, who, 

 IB the cant of that day, were universally called hypocrites, tho author 

 ream as an authority to Bishop Lavington's Enthusiasm of Methodints 

 and Papists Compared.' It is a worthy authority worthy of an age 

 when all religions earnestness was hi Id to be folly or cunning ; and 

 the orthodox teaching interfered in no degree with worldly gratifica- 

 tion. The son of a doctor of divinity was no doubt held to do good 

 service, by writing indecent verses against those who sought, however 

 mistaken tbry might appear in some points, to rouse men from the 

 prevailing indifference to all things that belong to their spiritual 

 nature. The last editor of ' The New Bath Uuide,' Mr. Hritton, omits 

 some of the more offensive of these passages ; but it is difficult to 

 wrify what is radically corrupt. Mr. Austey published several other 

 poems, amongst which is the Election Ball.' borne of his own poems 

 were translated by him into Latin verse, as well a* some of Gay's 

 Fable*,' and Cray's Elegy.' All hi* works were reprinted in Ib08 

 in OM volume quarto, with a memoir by hi* son, John Anstey, who 

 was himself the author of a poem which used to be familiar to 

 student* of the inns of court, The Pleader's Guide.' Christopher 

 Anetey lived to the age of elghty-one, dying In 18<>5 at Chippenham. 

 Me waa baried at Waloot, Bath ; and there is a monument to him in 

 Nats Comer, estoroster Abbey, erected at a period when the world 

 was not ey discriminating in awarding the honours of that hallowed 

 :- 



AST All, an Arabian warrior, beat known to Europeans as the hero 

 of a romance, translated into English in 1819 by Mr. Hamilton 

 riavtsJ secretary to the iiniiah embassy at Constantinople. The 

 hero is Dot a completely fabulous person : he was the son of an 

 Ajmbiaa prince by a negro slave. Born therefore to hi* mother's 



condition, and for a long time disowned as an Arab, and ill-treated 

 by his father, he yet raised himself to high consideration by his extra- 

 ordinary strength, courage, and poetical talent He lived at the close 



1 of the 5th and beginning of the 6th century. 



The romance of Antar is conjectured to have been put together in 



I its present form, front the original legendary tales, about the time of 

 the famous Caliph Harun-al-Rashid. This poem is curiou*, as pre- 

 senting an early picture of the manners of the Bedouin Arabs; but 

 there is too much sameness in it to render it, in it English form, 

 very interesting to the reader. 



ANTHK'.M ll'S, a distinguished mathematician and architect of the 

 6th century. He u sometimes called Autbemius Trallianus, from hit 

 birthplace Tralles, in Lydia. Anthemius was the most di-tinc 

 of the architects employed by Justinian at Constantinople ; he be ;an 

 to rebuild the [church of St. Sophia, after it was destroyed by the 



, populace in 531, and it was completed after his designs by Isi.iorua 



{ of Miletus, after the death of Anthemius, which seems to have taken 



8 lace in the year 534. The church was not finished until 537, but the 

 ome fell in twenty years afterwards, through tho shock of an earth- 

 quake ; it was however again rebuilt by Isidurun, and the dome then 

 raised was the first that was ever built upon arches and piers, and still 

 remains ; it is 108 feet in diameter, and is built of stone. The me- 

 chanical genius of Anthemius is praised by Agatbiaa, and he must 

 have been distinguished also as a mathematician, as Eutocius has 

 addressed to him his commentaries on the Conica of Apollonius 

 PergSDus. 



ANTHONY, ST., the first institutor of the monastic life, was bnrn 

 at a village in Upper Egypt in the year 251. His parents, who were 

 wealthy, are said to have prevented him, when young, from acquiring 

 any other language than his native Coptic. Having understood some 

 passages of our Saviour's precepts in their literal sense, he distributed 

 the property which caino to him by inheritance, at an early age, partly 

 among his neighbours and partly to the poor ; and having placed a 

 sister who was committed to his charge in a house of virgin*, retired 

 to a solitude in the neighbourhood of hia native village, whri 

 represented to have been tempted by the devil in a great variety of 

 shapes. He is said to have erected his first monastery at Phaium, 

 near Aphroditopolis, about the year 305. 



In 812, during the persecution under Maximum*, he went to 

 Alexandria to encourage and give consolation to the Christians, who 

 were suffering martyrdom ; and about the same time built a second 

 monastery called Pispir, near the Nile. 



After a long residence in the place of his first retreat, he withdrew 

 farther from his native village, to Mount Colziim, near the* Red Sea, 

 where he made a ruined sepulchre his residence. 



Towards the close of life, about the year 355, St Anthony again 

 went to Alexandria, at the request of Athauasius, to defend tin- faith 

 against the Arians. At this time he is said to have converted many 

 to Christianity. Declining to accept an invitation from the Emperor 

 Constantino to visit Conetautinople, he returned to his ct- 11, where he 

 died in the year 356. 



Seven of St Anthony's letters, written originally in Coptic, but 

 translated into Latin, are extant in the Bililiothrca Patruui.' HH 

 life was written by his friend St Athanasius. 



Among the miracles believed to have been wrought by his inter- 

 cession, was the cure of the distemper called the sacred fire, since tlmt 

 time called St Anthony's fire, and in modern days erysipelas. In 

 1095 a religious order was founded in France, called the Order of 

 St Anthony, the members of which were to take care of persons 

 afflicted with this disorder. 



ANTl'aONUS,surnamed Cyclops, or the 'one-eyed,' was the son 

 of Philip, n prince of Klymiotis in Macedonia, and was born about 

 ac. 382. He accompanied Alexander the Great on his Asiatic expedi- 

 tion as commander of the allies ; and at tho siege of Hnlicarnossus 

 (B.C. 834) he was among those who hod distinguished themselves by 

 their courage. In n.c. 333 this post was piven to Balncnis, the son of 

 Amyntas, and Antigonun was appointed satrap of Phrygia, After the 

 battle of Issus (B.C. 333) some of the generals of D.irius cl 

 their scatter. d forces and attempted to recover Lydia, but Ann 

 although he had few troops at his command, gaiued three successive 

 victories over the barbarians, and dispersed the enemy. The year 

 following he mode a successful campaign in Lycaonia. This is all we 

 know about Antigonus during the reign of Alexander the Great, and 

 the time in which he displayed his energy and ambition does not 

 begin till after the death of Alexander. In the division of the empire 

 which was then (n.c. 823) made, Antigonus obtained Lycia, Pam- 

 phylio, and tho Greater Phrygia. Eumenes, a friend of Perdiccas, 

 was to have Cappadocia, ami Antigonus was commanded by I'. 

 cos to assist him in gaining possession of it ; but Antigonus disobeyed 

 the command of Perdiccas, who assumed tho authority of sovereign, 

 to which Antigonus was unwilling to submit. lYrdiccsH making 

 preparations to puninh him, Antigonus fled with his son Demetrius, 

 afterwards surnamed Poliorcetes, to Antipater, the regent of 

 donia, who was at war with the .itttolinns (ii.c. 821). An* 

 Cratenis, and Ptolemtcus, who were themselves in danger, espouse.! th 

 cause of Antigoiius, and war broke out l>. twi-en these confederat. 

 Perdiccas, but Perdiccas was murdered in tho same year. Antipftter, 

 who succeeded him ss regent of tho empire, restored to Antigonus 



