ANTIOON0S CARY8TIUS. 



ANTIOCHis II. 



140 



The 



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Beets of Demetrius and Ptolemsnis met off Salami*, in Cyprus, ana a 

 great battle was fought in which Ptolenueas was completely defeated. 

 After this victory Antigonua assumed the title of kin?, and gave the 

 same title to hi* only surviving son Demetrius. Their example was 

 followed by Ptotomaras, Ssleucus. and Lysimachus ; but Cassander did 

 not venture to do the same, apparently from fear of the Macedonian*. 

 Elated by his success in Cyprus, Antigonus now resolved to crush 

 Ptolemsms. In the yew of the victory off Salamis, Antigonus manned 

 into Egypt as far as the Nile, while Demetrius sailed with his fleet 

 toward* the mouth of the river. But the undertaking failed. The 

 measures of Ptolemaras rendered it impossible for Antigonns to cross 

 the river with his troops, and the fleet under Demetrius was scattered 

 by a storm. Antigonns was obliged to return to Syria, and Ptolemsaus 

 celebrated a victory which be had won without striking a blow. In 

 B.C. 306 Antigonn* directed his forces againrt the islsnd of Rhodes, 

 partly to punish the islander* for having refused to join him in the 

 Egyptian war, and partly to destroy their commerce, and thus in- 

 directly to injure Egypt The Rhodisns refused to submit to the 

 humiliating terms proposed by Antigonus, slid Demetrius laid siege to 

 the town of Rhodes, But his military skill was ineffectual against the 

 brave defence of the islanders, and when at last the Athenians and 

 ^Btolian* petitioned Antigonus to raise the siege and send more forces 

 to Greece, where Caseander assumed a threatening position, Anti- 

 goons commanded his son to sail to Greece. After having concluded a 

 peace honourable and favourable to the Khodians in B.C. 304, Demetrius 

 sailed to Greece, and, without much difficulty, got possession of the 

 oat important towns, such as Athens, Argos, Sicyon, and Corinth 

 [Dnanuoi.] Caseander soon found hinuelf pressed so hard, that he 

 saed for peace. The haughty Antigonus demanded unconditional 

 surrender. This demand roused the lost energies of Cassander ; he 

 formed an alliance with Lysimachus in Thrace, whose own dominions 

 were exposed to danger if Macedonia fell into the hand* of Autigonus, 

 and the two allies sent ambassadors to Seleucus and Ptolemtcus. These 

 kings had learned by experience to view Antigonns as their most 

 dangerous enemy, and the new coalition against him was soon formed, 

 ac. 302. Antigonus, now eighty years of age, determined to fight a 

 decisive battle against Lysimachus, who had crossed into Asia Minor, 

 before Seleucu* could arrive from Upper Asia. But this plan was 

 frustrated, anil the whole of the year ac. 302 was passed in inactivity. 

 In the mean time Seleucus joined Lysimachus, and Autigonus was 

 obliged to call his son Demetrius from Greece. The hostile armies 

 met in ac. 301, in the plains of Ipsus in Phrygia. The aged Anti- 

 gonus, who had always gone to battle with great calmness, entered 

 on the decisive contort with dark forebodings. The great battle of 

 Ipens wss fought in the summer of the year o.c. 301 , and Antigonus 

 lost hi* empire and hi* life. Demetrius fled with his mother Strato- 

 nice, and the dominions of Antigonus were divided : Seleucus received 

 the countrie* from the coast of Syria to the Euphrates, together with 

 portion* of Phrygia and Cappadocia, and Lysimachus the greater part 

 of Asia Minor. 



Antigonus wss a bold and successful soldier, unprincipled and cruel 

 when be had an object to accomplish. But be was not one of the 

 wont men of the sge in which ho lived. He bad a strong intellect 

 and great knowledge of men. Ho despised flatterers, and he was not 

 daisied by his extraordinary success, which nearly raised him to the 

 sovereignty of the empire of Alexander the Great When a flaller- 

 ing poet once called him a god and a son of the sun, he replied, " My 

 servant knows nothing about it" In his old age he had learned that 

 gentle means were necessary to keep together what he had acquired 

 by conquest 



(Arrun, Anabaiu, I 30; Curtius, iv. 1, 5, v. 2, x. 10; DioJorus 

 Bienlus, xviii. xx.; Plutarch, Kumtna and Demetriu*; Manncrt, 

 GmAieUt der unmiiulkaren A'ackfo/ger Alexander!, Leipzig, 1787, 

 Svo.: Droysen, Ottekicktt der \achfolger Alexander!, books i. iil; 

 Thirlwall, Hilton of Greece, voL vii. On the subject of the campaign 

 of Antigoon* and Eumenes in Suuona, and the identification of the 

 riven of Susiana, ace Major lUwliuson, London Qtog. Journal, voL ix. ; 

 and Professor Long, voL xii.) 



Mtnt Dictionary of the Viefal Knowledge Society.) 

 >NU8 CARY.ST1US, probably a native of Carystus in 

 is the reputed author of a work entitled a 'Collection of 

 Wonderful Histories,' Antigonus is generally supposed to have lived 

 in the age of Ptolemaras II. of Egypt This collection, which on the 

 whole U of very little value, wan la*t edited by J. Beckmanu, Leipzig, 

 4to. with a commentary. 



ANTI'OONUS DOSON ('about to give') so named, because his 

 pwmlass w **** ready than bis performance, i* said to have been 

 the son of a Demetrius, who was the son of Demetrius Polioroetes, 

 sad of course the brother of Antigonu* Gonatos. Being appointed 

 guardian to Philip, the infant son of Demetriu. IL, he was called to, 

 or usurped, the throne, a c, 229 ; but be acted the part of a kind of 

 Bfutestur to Philip, who succeeded him. He enlarged the limits of 

 the Macedonian monarchy, and took an important share in the affair* 

 of Orseee, for the most part in concert with Aratut and the Acbajan 

 league. He died B.C. 221 (Feb. 220, Clinton, ' Farti Hellenic!') 

 - i friends of Macedonia, and leaving a fairer character 

 tof thsprinossof thatage. 



ANTI'GOSUS GONATAS, so named from being born at Goni, or 

 Gonno* (Strsb. p. 440), in Tbesaaly, son of Demetrius Poliorcetes. 

 After the death of hi* father there were various clsiraante to the 

 Macedonian throne, which was finally seised by Ptolenimu* Ceraunu*, 

 to the exclusion of Antigonus (ac. 281). Ceraunus wai slain iu battle 

 against the Gauls. After the great overthrow of the barbarians in 

 Thessaly, Antigonus defeated another division of them in Macedonia, 

 and soon after gained possession of his paternal kingdom (ac. -77), 

 in spite of the opposition of Antiochus, whose sister Phila ho soon 

 after married. He was driven out of Macedonia by the celebrated 

 Pyrrhm, king of Epirus, B.C. 272, and fled into Peloponnesus, where, 

 like his father, he possessed a powerful interest On the death of 

 Pyrrhus before Argos, B.C. 271, he recovered Macedonia, but was again 

 expelled by Alexander, son of Pyrrhus, aiid reinstated by hi* own son 

 Demetrius. During the latter part of his life he held his own domi- 

 nions in peace ; but he was continually employed in extending his 

 influence in Peloponnesus, both by force and fraud, and was brought 

 into frequent collision with the Achaun league. He died B.C. 243, or 

 239 (Clinton, ' Fasti Hellenic! '), leaving a son, Demetrius II., who 

 reigned ten year*. 



ANTI'NOUS, a native of Bithynio, and favourite of the emperor 

 Hadrian, the extravagance of whose attachment was shown by the 

 institution of divine honours to Antinous after his death. Respecting 

 the circumstances of his death there are many stories, but it seems 

 generally agreed that he was drowned in the Nile while Hadrian was 

 in Egypt The town near which he died was rebuilt by the emperor, 

 and called Antinoe or Antinopolia, instead of Besa, its former name. 

 It* remains exist under the name of Kuscue. A new star was said to 

 have been discovered in the heavens, which was called the ' soul of 

 Antinous.' Oracles were delivered by him, which must be taken as 

 forgeries invented by Hadrian himself, or according to his order. 

 Among the remaining treasures of ancient sculpture, the statues of 

 Autinoiis, nearly as numerous as those of the Venus, and very similar 

 to each other, rank among the most beautiful. That originally in the col- 

 lection of Cardinal Alexander Albaui, the most perfect perhaps of those 

 executed for the Roman nobles, for the purpose of paying their court 

 to the emperor, is a standing figure in marble. The head looks down- 

 wards, with a melancholy expression, which they all bear; the hair 

 in all of them is arranged iu the same manner, covering the for 

 nearly as low as the eyebrows. The busts of Autinous are also very 

 fine. (Xiphiliuus ; Bayle, Diet, llitt., and the authorities there quoted ; 

 Winkelinann, it p. 464, &c., French trans.) 



AN'ITOCHUS, a name best known from its being borno by many 

 Syrian monarch* of the Seleucidou dynasty ; but otherwise not 

 uncommon in ancient history. 



ANTI'OCHUS I., surnamed Soter, or Preserver, was the on of 

 Seleucus Nicator, who, after the death of Alexander, raised Syria into 

 an independent kingdom. [AxTicoNUS.] 



Silver. British Museum. 



Upon the murder of Seleucus, while engaged in his expedition to 

 subdue Macedonia, B.C. 280, Antiochus succeeded to the throne and 

 reigned nineteen years. He prosecuted his father's claim to the king- 

 dom of Macedonia against Antigonus Gonatus, son of Demetrius, and 

 his own brother-in-law ; but the dispute was accommodated by a mar- 

 riage between Antigonus and Phila, daughter of Seleucus and 

 Stratonice, in consideration of which the Macedonian prince was 

 allowed to retain the peaceable possession of his throne. Dem 

 the son of Antigonus, also married Stratonice, the daughter of 

 Antiochus. The reign of Antiochus is distinguished by his defeat of 

 the Gauls, who had crossed into Asia and obtained a settlement in the 

 province named after them, Galatia, He was subsequently engsged 

 in an unsuccessful war with Eumenes, king of 1'crgamus. Ho died 

 B.C. 2fll. 



(Appian, Syriaca ; Justin, book xxvii. ; Anc. Univ. Hut., vol. viii.) 

 ANTI'OCHUS II., surnamed Theos, or God, son of the former, 

 succeeded to the throne upon his father's death. His reign is chiefly 

 memorable for the revolt of the Parthian*, n.c. 250, under Arsacci, 

 who succeeded ultimately in expelling the Macedonians, and thu* 

 became the founder of the formidable Parthian empire. The remote 

 province of Bactria, and others lying eastward of the Tigris, followed 

 thi* example; and Antiochus, apprehensive of the final loss of those 

 regions, concluded a treaty of peace with Ptoleuucus Philadolphus, 

 ac. 252, by which he agreed to repudiate hi* wife Lamlico, and to 

 marry Berenice, daughter of the king of Egypt, Milling the crown 

 upon hi* children by the latter. These conditions were fulfillo.l ; but 



