ARNAULD, ANOELIQUK. 



ARNAULD, ANTOINE. 



domineering conduct of Louit XIV., Savoy nd France were at enmity, 

 ad that Victor Amadeua, who had taken up arm* in favour of Austria, 

 wa* prepaid to grant thorn an amneitj. and court their assistance 

 against hu eoemie*. Thai eoded thii remarkable enterprise, of which 

 te leader and historian aaya, Uut in eighteen battle, only thirty of 

 hi* follow* were killed, while thrir opponent* loet 10,000 men. 



The Vaudois, after their reconciliation with Amadeus, had still to 

 eocountrr their exasperated enemie* of France in *everal emart eogage- 

 menu. The dnke released the Vaudou who were imprisoned at Turin, 

 and allowed the whole people to re^eUWUh themselves in their 

 ancient possisalnni, and to follow their own religion. William 111. 

 gar* Amend a colonel'* commission. In thi* capacity he headed a 

 party of 1200 Vaudois, who, in the breaking out of the war of the 

 Spanish succession, performed material wrvice* for the allied troops, 

 and ssisrtnl them in accomplishing the mancuuvres which led to the 

 Tictory of Blenheim. When the plan for attacking France from the 

 aide of Piedmont wa* formed, Arnand and his Vaudou were placed 

 at the outposts of Eocene'* army ; and when he withdrew hi* troop* 

 by the passes of the Tyrol to join Marlborough, they had the perilous 

 duty of masking his retreat, and keeping the French in check. Not- 

 withstanding theae carriers, the Duke of Savoy in 1698 concluded a 

 jieens with France, on* of the condition* of which was, that, in con- 

 sidmUoo of nil retaining undisputed possession of the valley* of 

 San Martino, Peroea, and some other portions of territory, he wa* to 

 dismiss the Veudois who inhabited them. It is aaid that the exclu- 

 sion was intended to apply solely to those who were not natires of the 

 raller*, but it made 3000 exile*. After a negociation with the Duke 

 of Wurtemberg, in which he wa* aided by the representatives of 

 England and Holland, Amaud prevailed on that prince to give the 

 exiles an asylum in hi* dominion*. They were however subjected to 

 many hardship*. Arnaud, after falling under the displeasure of the 

 Dnke of Saroy, had pressing invitations to accept the patronage of 

 William HI. and Prince Eugene ; but he preferred to remain the 

 pastor of hi* devoted flock, and he took up his residence among the 

 exile* at the village of Schonberg. lie appear* to have permanently 

 joined them in the year 1709, and to have remained with them to the 

 end of hi* day*. In thi* retirement he wrote the history of his enter- 

 pries, under the titla ' Uutoire de la glorieuae Rentree dee Vaudois 

 dans leurs Vallees,' printed in 1710, and dedicated to Anne, Queen of 

 Ureat Britain. The French edition of this work is very rare : it has 

 been twice transhted into English. 



Amaud died at Schbnberg in the year 1721, having accomplished 

 hi* eightieth year. The rude church in which he officiated, a monu- 

 ment within it beneath which hi* bone* rest, and his dwelling-house, 

 were all preserved with pious care by the exile* and their descendants. 

 By an inventory and division of his property, preserved in the parish 

 church of Schonberg, it appear* that he was twice married, and left 

 behind him three sons and two daughter* : one of his sons succeeded 

 him in his clerical charge, and another studied law in London. The 

 whole property left by him amounted to 226i.8t.2rf. in English money. 

 He wa* in the receipt of a pension of 122 florin*, about IOL 16>., from 



Abridged from the Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the 

 fntxm of I'ffftU Knowledge.) 



ARNAULD, ANUELIQUE, whose religious name wa* Angtlique 

 (fa Saint-Jean, abbe** of Port-Royal, and niece of the elder Angelique, 

 was born on the 28th of November, 1624, and was the fifth child of 

 Robert Arnauld d'Andilly and Catherine de la Boderie. At the age 

 of >ix she wa* placed by her father at Port-Royal, to be educated by 

 her aunts, Aagelique and Agne. At the age of twelve she gave such 

 indication* of a determined character, that her aunt* (aid of her, " she 

 will do much evil, if *he doe* not do good." She took the vows on 

 the 25th of January 1644. Toward* the cloee of 1653 she wa* made 

 ub-priore** and mistivas of the novice* at Port-Royal-des-Champa. 

 In 1659 she removed to Port-Royal -de- Paris, where she held the same 

 office*. Daring the persecution which the nuns of Port-Royal endured 

 from 1661 till 1664, when they refused to sign the Formulary of 

 Alexander V1L' without some explanation expressive of the sense in 

 which they signed it, the nun* directed themselves by the advice of 

 Anfeliqoe de Saint-Jean. At last the enemies of Port-Royal deter- 

 mined that twelve of the most refractory members should be removed, 

 and disposed in various convents. On the 26th of August 1664 Ang<5- 

 liqoe was sent into the convent of the nun* called Annonciades, at 

 Paris, where she was kept a prisoner for more than ten month* in a 

 (tats of oompUte solitude. She received no new* of any of her friend*. 

 The Aonoooades, being under the spiritual guidance of the Jesuit*. 

 wen exceedingly prejudiced again** Port-Royal ; bat while the other 

 nun* of Port- Royal continued to be hsnsaed by solicitations to sign 

 the Formulary, no such attempts to induce Angelique were made, a* 

 they w*n considered nidus. On the 2nd of July lt;65 the nuns wen 

 ' order of the Archbuhop of Paris, to the monastery of 

 * Champa. Angelique de Saint Jean was thus reunited 

 i; but they bad to endnn a new kind of captivity in 

 their own monastery. On arriving at Port-Royal-dea-Champa they 

 wen (orrounded by soldier*. Guard* had been sent by tho Arohbuhop 

 of Paris to watch the house, with strict orders to pnvent the nun* 

 from holding any oommunioatiou with penon* out of the convent. 

 Port- Royal wa* thus garrisoned for three yean and seren months, from 



the 3rd of July 1665 till the 18th of February 1669. During all this 

 time the nuns were forbidden to partake of the Holy Communion, 

 and religious worship wa* in a great degree interdicted ; but toward* 

 the close of 1668 appeared the edict of Clement IX. for the " peaoe of 

 the Church," as it was called, and the persecution of Port-Royal ter- 

 minated for a time. By an ordonnance dated the 17th of February 

 1669 the Archbishop of Pan* freed the nuns from the urveillauce of 

 their guard*, permitted them to partake of the sacraments of the 

 Romish Church, and to exercise the privileges of a religious commu- 

 nity. One of their first acts wa* to elect an abbesa. Marie de Sainte- 

 Magdeleine du Fargi* was elected abbess, and Angelique de Saint-Jena 

 prioress. This office she held for nine yean. On the 3rd of August 

 1678 she wa* elected abbes*. On the 15th of April 1679 the Duobeaw 

 de Longueville, the great protectress of Port-Royal, died, and the per- 

 secution recommenced. From this time till her death AngtSlique, in 

 her position of abbess, had much to endure. She had to console and 

 support the courage of her nuns. She wrote letter upon letter to the 

 various authorities, and endeavoured in every way to avert the 

 destruction which was impending upon Port-Royal. One of the steps 

 taken for it* destruction was this no more novices were to be 

 admitted into the community, and the young girls who had been sent 

 to the convent for education were removed. 



The office of abbess was at this time triennial When her first three 

 yean were ended, Angolique was re-elected abbes* (8th of August 

 1681), but she died before the second period of three years was com- 

 pleted. She had suffered much at the death of her aunt Agnes (19th 

 of February 1671), and her father, D'Andilly (27th of September 

 1674); but when her spiritual father, De Saci, died on tho 4th of 

 January 1684, she sank under the blow. De Saci was buried at 1'ort- 

 Royal-des-Cbampa. Every day after the ceremony was perl 

 Angelique went to shed tears over his tomb. At the end of three 

 weeks she was seized with a mortal sickness. She died on the 29th of 

 January 1684, aged fifty-nine yearn and two month*. The Port- 

 Royalists speak in the highest terms of her piety and capacity. They 

 extol her knowledge of scripture and ecclesiastical history, her humility 

 and charity, her severity towards herself and her kindness towards 

 others, the penetration of her mind, and the resoluteness of her cha- 

 racter. When her father, D'Audilly, spoke of her, he ued to say, 

 "All my children and myself are fools in comparison of Angdlique," 



Angdlique de Saint-Jean was remarkable for the facility with which 

 she spoke and wrote. She has left several works. Of these, one, 

 perha} the moat valuable work relative to Port-Royal, ia entitled, 

 4 Memoira pour servir a 1'Histoire de Port-Royal, et a U Vie de la 

 Revcreude Mere Marie Angelique de Sainte-Magdeleine Arnauld, 

 Reformatrioe de oe Monastere,' Utrecht, 1742, 12mo., 3 vols. \Vhil 

 the ' MiSmoires' of Du Fosse, Fontaine, and Lancelot detail the external 

 history of 1'ort-Koyal, theie ' Momoiras' represent its internal history, 

 with the mind and habits of its members, particularly of the elder Ange'- 

 lique. The idea of writing these ' Mcmoires ' was conceived about the 

 year 1652. Angelique de Saint-Jean may be said to be the author of 

 the work, for she wrote a considerable part of the various ' Relations ' 

 of which it consists, and revised those written by other nuns. The 

 'Memoiree' were edited by Barbeau de la Bruyi-re in 1742. The 

 originals, from which Barbeau de la Bruycre printed tho ' Mi'-tnoirm,' 

 were preserved in the library of Saint-Qennoin-des-Prcs at I'ari*. 

 Angelique de Saint-Jean took a great port in the composition of tho 

 Necrologe de Port-lioyal-des-Chainps,' Amsterdam, 1723, 4 to., and 

 wrote other works in defence of the monastery. (Mfmoira pour irrvir a 

 tllutuire de Pvrt-Ruyal, &c., torn. iiL, p. 493, 4c. ; Qudrard, La France 

 Littfrairt.) 



(Abridged from tho Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the 

 Diffusion of Cteful Knowledge.) 



ARNAULD, AXTOINE, a French theological and philosophical 

 writer of the 17th century, wa* born at Paris in 1612. Hi- : 

 named also Antoine Arnauld, was a distinguished advocate, and a great 

 antagonist of the Jesuits. The Jesuits met with an opponent in the 

 younger Arnauld as determined as bis father had been. Arnauld, 

 after being ordained priest, wa* made Doctor of the Sorbonne in 

 He exhibited an early disposition for theological controversy, by 

 writing the 'Theologie Morale des Jesuits,' in which he exposed tint 

 dangerous casuistry adopted by several moralists of that order. Soon 

 after, the disputes which broke out among the French clergy, about 

 Janseniu*, bishop of Ypres, and hi* book ' Augustinus,' several pro 

 position* of which concerning tho intricate question* of grace and 

 free wBl had been condemned by the pope, ravo Arnauld a fie-li 

 opportunity of exercising his polemical talent. [JANSENIUS.] Arnauld 

 took the part of Jauaeuius in two letters, which were condemned by 

 the Sorbonne, and the writer, on hU refuting to retract his opinion-. 

 was expelled from, that learned body. He then withdraw to IV rt 

 Roysl-des-Champs, a convent of nuns, not far from Paris, of which 

 his sister, Angelique Arnauld, was the abbess, and where Pascal, 

 Nicole, and other learned men of that time, who were friends of 

 Arnauld and shared his opinions, resorted for quiet and studiom 

 retirement. Then they wrote various works on literature, pliilo 

 and religion, which bear tho name of the works of MM. de 1'ort 

 Royal Aruauld wrote part* of several of these works, such oj 

 the ' Onmmaire QeniSrale Raisounde,' ' Eldmens de Udometrie,' and 

 ' L'Art de Penser.' He also had a share in the famous letters written 



