ATA-MELIK. 



ATHANARIC. 



atrocious proceeding* i* not stated, but it muit have been between 

 the death of Huayna Capac in 1623 and the arrival of Pinrro in 

 U U 



In the miJst of tbeee civil discords, the Spaniard! arrived in Peru. 

 AUhualpa terrified at the accounts which he received of them, and 

 knowing that Huaecar had cent secretly to entreat their assistance, 

 despatched an embassy, accompanied by a rich present, with a view to 

 gain the favour of the invader*. The amba**ador was very civilly 

 received by Franciioo PUarro, who on his part lent hi* brother 

 Hemaudo to visit Atahoalpa to offer him bin friendship, and to 

 demand an interview. On the following day, November 10, 1532, 

 Atahualpa, accompanied by 8000 men unarmed, went to visit PUarro. 

 On lii arrival, Father Valverde, in a long harangue, endeavoured to 

 acquaint the Inca with the doctrine* of the Catholic religion, anil 

 declared to him that hU kingdom had been given by the pope, the 

 vicar of God, to the mighty Kmpcror Carlos, and that consequently 

 he was bound to nirrender it, otherwise both he and his subjects 

 would be destroyed with fire and sword. The Inca commenced a 

 reply, through an interpreter, marked by n grave dignity, in which he 

 refused to acknowledge the right of the Spaniard* to his throne. But 

 be was not permitted to finish hi* speech. The Spanish cavalry fell 

 upon the unarmed multitude who had assembled, attracted by the 

 novelty of the sight, sabring and trampling under the feet of their 

 hones old men, women, and children. Francisco Piiarro, at the head 

 of the infantry, attacked the guard of Atahualpa, who, at the com- 

 mand of their Inca, offered no resistance ; and the Spaniards, after 

 seizing Atahualpa, and loading him with chains, conducted him as a 

 prisoner to the royal (eat of the I ocas at Caxamarca. 



Atabualpa offered Piiarro, for his ransom, to cover the pavement of 

 his prUon with vessel* full of gold and silver ; and further, raising 

 his hand as high as he could reach, and making a mark in the wall, 

 promised to fill the room up to that height with the same precious 

 metals. Pizarro agreed to this proposal, and the Inca gave the neces- 

 sary orders for procuring the ransom. Atahualpa though imprisoned, 

 was in communication with his generals, and ordered them to remove 

 his brother to Jau ja, ami soon after, on finding that he was still seek- 

 ing the interference of Pizarro, commanded him to be put to death. 



Atabualpa's own death was near at hand. A Peruvian renegado, 

 called Felipillo, who served a* an interpreter to the Spaniards, and 

 who reckoned on obtaining as the price of hi* treachery one of the 

 Inca'i wives, falsely accused Atahualpa of having secretly given orders 

 to bis subjects to arm against them. The Inca was accordingly 

 brought to trial before a court appointed by Pizarro, and of which bo 

 constituted himself and Almagro the judges. Some of the Spanish 

 officer* remonstrated against the injustice of such proceedings, and 

 represent d the disgrace which would be brought on the Spanish 

 name if this conduct was persisted in, urging that if Atahualpa was 

 to be tried, he should be sent to Spain to be judged by the emperor. 

 Atahualpa was eventually tried by a military commiuion, at which 

 Pizarro and Almagro presided, and compelled the other members of 

 the commiuion to find the unfortunate Inca guilty of various false 

 and ridiculous charge*, the chief of which were the false one above 

 mentioned, and the murder of his brother. He was sentenced to be 

 burned to death. On his way to the place of execution, be desired 

 to be baptized, in consequence of which he was strangled only. It is 

 aid that he exhibited great courage and firmness in his last momenta. 

 AUhualpa U described by the Spanish historians as a man of hand- 

 some and noble presence, of a clear, quick, and penetrating mind, 

 cunning, sagacious, and brave. In estimating the character of AU- 

 hualpa, it must be remembered that the only narratives of his conduct 

 which we possess are thote of Oarcihuo de U Vega and other Spanish 

 writer*. The accounts given of hi* conduct from the personal obser- 

 vation of these writer* certainly inggest the idea of a very different 

 person to the murderer of the royal family of Peru. Of the revolting 

 perfidy and brutality of Pizarro there can be no second opinion. 



(Vega (El Inca Oaicihwo), Comentanot Rtala dt lot /new, part i., 

 book 9, chap. 2 to the end; part ii., book 10, chap. 17; 1'reicott, 

 Cmunttt of Perfi, voL 1.) 



ATA-MKUK. or with his complete name, ALA-EDDIN ATA 

 MKLIK AI..J"\v.\INI, was born (probably 1226 or 1227) in the 

 district of Jowain near NUhabur in Khoranan, in which country his 

 father Boha-Eddin lucoeesivcly filled several offices of importance 

 under the Mogul government. AU-Melik received a careful educa- 

 tion; and Argun, the governor of Kborasan, chose him for his com- 

 panion on two journeys into Tartar)-, and in 1251 introduced him at 

 the court of the Mogul emperor Mangu Khan, at Karakorum. Here 

 AU-Melik remained for a considerable time, and began to write his 

 gnat work on the history of the Mogul*, on account of which he 

 undertook several excnnions into Mawaralnahr, Turkistan, and the 

 ancient country of the Uighurv When Argun was, in 12.15, again 

 called to the court of Mangu Khan, he lea bis son Kerai-Melik, with 

 AU-Mclik, in the camp of Sultan Uulaku, the brother of Mangu Khan, 

 as governor* of Kborasan, Irak, and Maaenderan, during his absence. 

 Au-Melik soon gained the entire confidence of Uulaku, and accom- 

 panied him in hi* expedition against the Abbaside kalif MosUsem. 

 After the capture of Baghdad by the Mogul* (1258), AU-Melik was 

 ]; 'inted prefect of that city, the dignity of vizir being at the lame 

 time conferred on hi* brother bbotns cddin. Both continued to hold 



these office* under Abaka Khan, the successor of Uulaku, and tho 

 province of Baghdad, which bad suffered much from the incursion of 

 the Mogul*, began to flourish again under their administration. AU- 

 Melik died in 1282, his death being accelerated by his having been 

 imprisoned and itript of all he posse seed on a charge of peculation. 

 He was indeed not only freed from this charge by Sultan Ahmed, but 

 restored to bis former dignities. Subsequently however Ahmed waa 

 defeated, and Argun, a son of Abaka Khan, having made himself 

 master of Baghdad, AU-Melik was so excited by dread of a renewal of 

 the former proceedings, that be died a few days after Argun's entry 

 into the city. Hi* work on the history of the Moguls, entitled ' Jehou- 

 Kushat ' (that is, the conquest of the world), is by some of the most 

 esteemed Oriental writer* (for example Abulfaraj, Mirkhond, c.) re- 

 ferred to as the principal authority on that subject. (There is a 

 memoir on the life and writings of AU-Melik, by Quatremcre, in the 

 Mint* de I Orient, vol, i., p. 220, &c.) 



ATAULPHUS, ATAULF, or AUAULF, brother-in-law of Alaric, 

 king of the Visigoths, assisted him in his invasion of Italy. After 

 Alaric's death, near Cosenza, AUulpbus was elected his successor in 

 A.D. 411. In the following year he led his bonds out of Italy into 

 Qaul, with the intention, as it would appear, of joining Joviuus, who 

 had revolted against the empire. His aid being declined, Ataulphm 

 attacked and defeated Jovinus, who was taken and put to death. 

 AUulphus married Placidia, the sister of the emperor Honorius, at 

 Narbo (Narbounc) in southern Oaul, at the beginning of the year 414. 

 He appeared on the occasion dressed after the Roman fashion, and 

 presented his bride with many vases full of gold and jewels taken at 

 the plunder of Rome in 410. AUulphus afterwards withdrew into 

 Spain, where he was treacherously killed at Barcelona by one of his 

 equerries, in 417. His widow Placidia was given by her brother 

 Honorius in marriage to the consul Constantius. (Joruaudes; Zosimiu; 

 Orosiun; Gibbon.) 



ATHALI AH, queen of Judab, was the daughter of Ahab, king of 

 Israel and his wife Jezebel, and tho wife of Jehoram, king of Judah. 

 When Athaliah heard that her son Ahaziah, who had succeeded his 

 father as king of Judah, had been slain by Jehu with other members 

 of the family of Ahab, sho immediately seized the vacant throne and 

 caused all the males of the royal family to be murdered, with the 

 exception of Joash, who was rescued by Jehosheba, her daughter, and 

 secreted in the temple by the high-priest Jehoiada. Her reign appears 

 to have been on unquiet one, but she maintained her position for six 

 years. At length Jehoiada, having informed several of the leading 

 men of Judah of the existence of Joash and secured their co-opera- 

 tion, on a day already agreed on, brought the young prince publicly 

 forward in the temple and solemnly anointed him King of Judab. 

 Athaliah hearing the shouts rushed to the temple, but the guards 

 seized her, and by direction of Jehoiada led her out of the tm.pY 

 and put her to death. According to the chronology of Usher, Athaliah 

 reigned from B.C. 884 to 877 ; Holes makes her to have reigned from 

 n.c. 895 to 889. The history of her reign will be found in 2 Kings 

 viii. 18, 26; xi.; 2 Chronicles xxL, xxii., xxiii. 



ATHANAQILDUS, a captain of the Spanish Goths, revolted against 

 his king, Agila, and being joined by a Roman force from Gaul, Kent 

 by the emperor Justinian, defeated and killed Agila, near Seville, 

 A.I). 54. Athanagildus was then proclaimed king of the Goths in 

 Spain. He afterward* endeavoured, without success, to drive his 

 Roman allies out of Spain. He reigned fourteen years over that part 

 of the country which was occupied by the Visigoths, and his adminis- 

 tration ha* been spoken of by the historians as firm and judicious. 

 He had two daughters, one of whom, Qolswinda, he gave in marriage 

 to Chilperic, the French king of Soiasons ; and the other, Bruuohault, 

 married Siegbert, king of Metz, or Auetrasia, and became famous in 

 French history. [ BHUNKIIAUI.T.) Athanagildus died at Toledo iu 567. 

 (Mariana, lluloria General de EipaAa.) 



ATHA'NARIC, a chief or judge of the Goths who had settled 

 themselves on tho borders of tho Roman empire, north of tho Danube, 

 about the middle of tho 4th century. Having aided Procopius in his 

 rebellion, tho Goth* were attacked and defeated by the emperor 

 Valens iu A.D. 869. They then sued for peace, and an interview took 

 place on this occasion between Valens and Athauaric, iu a boat in 

 the middle of the Danube. Some years after, the Huns having come 

 down from the banks of the Volga, threatening the territory of the 

 Goths, Athanaric opposed the barbarians at tho passage of tho river 

 Dniester, but he was surprised, and obliged to retire with a part of 

 his followers into the fastnesses of the Carpathian Mountains. The 

 rest of the Goths, under Fritigern, threw themselves on the empire 

 for protection, and were allowed to cross the Danube and settle in 

 Thr.ice. They afterwards quarrelled with the emperor Valens, whom 

 they defeated and killed in the battle of Adrianople, in August, 378. 

 Athanaric remained in hi* fastnesses until 380, when ho was compelled 

 to fly before the barbarian hordes who poured down from the north. 

 Having obtained permission from Theodosius, he repaired to Con- 

 stantinople, where he was received with great pomp, in January, 381 ; 

 but having, a* is said, surfeited himself at the emperor's table, or 

 perhaps worn out with the hardships and fatigue he had previously 

 endured, he soon after died, and was buried with great magnificence 

 by order of Theodosius. (Gibbon, c. xxv., xxvi., and authorities there 

 cited.) 



