401 



ATTALUS II. 



ATTERBURY, FRANCIS. 



403 



been defeated a little before by Achreus, and confined within the 

 limits of Pergamus. Attains still however continued the war with 

 Achams; and having taken into pay a body of the Gauls called 

 Tectosages, be recovered several of the cities of -Eolis, but was 

 stopped in the midst of his victorious career by an eclipse of the sun 

 (B.C. 218), which so alarmed the superstitious Oauls that they refused 

 to advance any further. He left them on the Hellespont, and returned 

 with his army to Pergamus. (Polyb. v. 77, 78.) We find him in alliance 

 (B.C. 216) with Antiochus the Great, king of Syria, who was equally 

 anxious with himself to get rid of Achseus (v. 107). In B.C. 208, he 

 took part with the ^Etolians against Philip of Macedon, and was 

 appointed joint praetor of the .Etoliaus with their general Pyrrhias. 

 He sent some auxiliaries, and towards the end of autumn made his 

 appearance at /Egiim with his fleet. Here he passed the winter; but 

 as soon as the season permitted, he landed on the continent ; and 

 having taken the city Opus, the capital of the Locri Opuntii, with the 

 consent of the Romans, who were also in alliance with the ^Etolians, 

 allowed it to be sacked by his soldiers. While he was employed here 

 in collecting tribute from the surrounding chiefs, he was surprised by 

 Philip, and only escaped by a hasty flight. Healing that Prusias, king 

 of Bithynia, had passed the frontiers of his kingdom, he left the 

 *toli ins to their own resources, and returned to Asia. (Liv. xxvii. 

 30, 33 ; xxviii. 7.) Peace was soon afterwards concluded between the 

 jEtolians and Philip, which was also acceded to by Attalus. Wben 

 the Romans were ordered (B.c. 205), by an oracle from Delphi, to 

 bring the Idiean Mother Cybele from Pessinus to Rome, it was to the 

 king of Pergamus that an embassy was sent, and through his means 

 the black stone representing the goddess was procured and conveyed 

 to Rome (xxix. 11, 12). Peace however did not continue; for we find 

 the Rhodians leagued with Attalus (B.c. 201) against Philip in the 

 sea-fight of Chios. Attalus behaved with great bravery on this occa- 

 sion ; but having pursued a Macedonian vessel too far, he was forced 

 to abandon his ship and escape by land. Philip afterwards besieged 

 Attalus in Pergamus, but was forced to retire ; and Attalus passed 

 over to Athens (B.C. 200), where he was received with great honour, 

 and renewed his alliance with that people. He joined the Romans 

 with a considerable body of troops ; and the confederates laid siege to 

 Oreum, a strong city of Eubcoa, which they took after an obstinate 

 resistance. Attalus continued to assist the Romans against Philip, 

 and (B.C. 197) he appeared in the assembly of the Boeotians, with a 

 view of detaching them from the cause of Philip. In the midst of an 

 eloquent harangue, which he was pronouncing with great force, he 

 wa seized with apoplexy ; and though he lingered long enough to 

 enable him to be conveyed to Pergamus, he died within a few weeks, 

 in the seventy-second year of his age, having reigned forty-four years. 

 (Liv. xxxi. 14, 46; xxxii. 8 ; xxxiii. 2, 21.) He left, by his wifo Apol- 

 lonis, four sons, Eumenes, who succeeded him ; Attalus, who succeeded 

 his brother Eumenes; Philetierus; and Athenseus. 



Silver. British Museum. 



ATTALUS II., named Philadelphia, was the second son of 

 Attalus L He was born B.C. 220, and succeeded to the throne of 

 Pergamus on the death of his brother Eumenes (B.C. 159), as the son 

 of that prince, also called Attalus, was of too tender an age to hold the 

 reigns of government. His first act was to restore Ariarathes to his 

 kingdom of Cappadocia. (Polyb. xxxii. 23.) He pursued faithfully 

 the policy of bis family, in maintaining an intimate alliance with the 

 Romans : and he was treated by them at all times with respect and 

 confidence. Prusias, king of Bithynia, made an attack on the territory 

 of Attalus (B.C. 156), and laid siege to Pergamus ; but he was com- 

 pelled by the threats of the Romans to desist, and to indemnify 

 Attains for the loss he had sustained. This war was however carried 

 on for several years; the leading facts may ba found in Appian's 

 ' Mithridatic War' (c. 3-7; also Polyb. xxxii. 25, 26, xxxiii. 1, 6, 10, 

 11). Five years afterwards (B.C. 149) we find Attalus assisting Nico- 

 inedes against his father Prusias (Strab. xiii. 624). He lived to be 

 eighty-two years of age, and during his latter years was so much under 

 the influence of hi* minister Philopoomen, that the Romans used in 

 jest to inquire from those returning from Asia whether Attalus was 

 till the chief favourite of Philopcemen. (Plutarch, 'Mor.' p. 792.) 

 He was the founder of Philadelphia in Lydia (Steph. Byz.), and of 

 Attaleia in Pamphylia (Strab. xiv. 667), and a liberal patron of the 

 arts : a kind of embroidered hanging or tapestry was invented by 

 Attains. (Plin. viii. 48.) 



ATTALUS III., named Philomelor, was the son of Eumenes II. 



BIOO. DIV. VOL. I. 



He succeeded (B.C. 138) to the throne of Pergamus on the death of 

 his uncle, Attalus II. ; but he is little known to us, except for the 

 madness and extravagance of his conduct. After having murdered 

 many of his frienda and relations, he was seized with remorse, and 

 inflicted on himself every sort of penance which the most gloomy 

 superstition could invent. He finally gave up all caro of public 

 business, and devoted his time to sculpture and to gardening, with 

 which he became so well acquainted, that he wrote a work on the 

 subject, which ia recommended by Pliny (xvii. 4), Varro (' R. R.,' lib. 

 i. 1), nnd Columella ('R. R.,' lib. i. 1). Having engaged with great 

 eagerness in the erection of a sepulchral monument to his mother 

 Stratonice, daughter of Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia, he exposed 

 himself to the violence of the sun's rays, was iu consequence seized 

 by a fever, and died, after a reign of five years, B.C. 133. In his will 

 was the expression " bonorum meorum Populus Rumanus haeres esto," 

 thereby making the Romans the heir of his moveable property ; but 

 they instated that it meant the kingdom of Pergamus. (Justin. 

 xxxvi. 4 ; Diodor. Sic. xxxiv., vol. x. p. 122, ed. Bip. ; Plin. xxxiii. 11.) 

 The kingdom was claimed by Aristonicus, an illegitimate sou of 

 Eumenes II., and he bravely maintained the contest for sometime; 

 but at last, being defeated and taken prisoner, he was carried to Rome, 

 and strangled in prison, B.C. 129. The kingdom of Pergamus thus 

 became the Roman province of Asia. (Clinton, ' Fasti Hellenici,' 

 vol. ii.) 



ATTERBURY, FRANCIS, bishop of Rochester in the reigns of 

 Queen Anne and Cjeorge I., was born on the 6th of March, 1662, at 

 Milton, near Newport Pagnel, in Buckinghamshire, of which parish 

 hia father was rector. He was educated at Westminster, and elected 

 student of Christ Church, Oxford, in 1680. In the year 1687 he 

 appeared as a controversial writer iu an answer to ' Considerations on 

 the Spirit of Martin Luther, and the Original of the Reformation ; ' a 

 tract published under the name of Abraham Woodhead, an eminent 

 Roman Catholic, but really written by Obadiah Walker, master of 

 University College. Bishop Burnet, in his ' History of his own Times,' 

 ranks this vindication amongst the most able defences of the Protes- 

 tant religion. Atterbury himself, on his trial, appealed to this book 

 to exculpate himself from the suspicion of a secret leaning towards 

 popery. After taking his degree of B.A. in 1684 and M.A. in 1687, 

 he bore some office in the university, and was tutor to Charles Boyle, 

 afterwards Earl of Orrery, but complained of the narrowness of his 

 sphere of action. In 1690 he married Catherine Osborn, a near rela- 

 tive of the Duke of Leeds. Having taken orders, Atterbury, in 1691, 

 was elected lecturer of St. Bride's; in 1693 he was elected minister of 

 Bridewell. His pulpit eloquence attracted general attention, and he 

 was soon after appointed chaplain in ordinary to their majesties. His 

 sermons on the ' Power of Charity to Cover Sin," and ' The Scorner 

 Incapable of True Wisdom,' involved him in controversies with 

 Bishop Hoadley and others. In 1693 he became preacher at the 

 Rolls chapel. In the same year appeared Mr. Boyle's ' Examination 

 of Dr. Bentley's Dissertations on the Epistles of Phalaris and the 

 Fables of yEsop.' Though this work was published under Boyle's 

 name, it is shown by Bishop Monk ('Life of Beutley") that Atter- 

 bury had the chief share in the undertaking, and in fact wrote more 

 than half the book. Whatever credit we may give Atterbury for 

 ingenuity and humour, this work proves that he had not much. 

 learning. 



In the year 1700 Atterbury engaged in a long controversy with Dr. 

 Wake, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, and others, concerning 

 the rights, powers, and privileges of convocations, Atterbury denying 

 the authority of the civil power over ecclesiastical synods. His stylo 

 was acrimonious, and his wit and satire perhaps too freely indulged, 

 but his zeal for the interests of his order procured him the thanks of 

 the Lower House of Convocation, and the degree of Doctor in Divinity, 

 without exorcise or fees, from the University of Oxford. 



On the accession of Queen Anne, in 1702, Atterbury was appointed 

 one of her chaplains in ordinary, and in 1704 advanced to the deanery 

 of Carlisle. His characteristic impatience broke out remarkably on 

 this occasion. He took out his instruments before his predecessor 

 had resigned. Dr. Nicholson, compiler of the ' Historical Library,' 

 who was then Bishop of Carlisle, required the preceding dean's resig- 

 nation to be produced. When produced, it was found to be dated a 

 month subsequent to Atterbury's collation, which was therefore void. 

 Atterbury attempted in vain to obtain a clandestine alteration of 

 dates, but was at length admitted to his deanery without this error 

 of date being rectified. 



In 1706 Atterbury was engaged in a dispute with Hoadly concern- 

 ing the advantages of virtue with regard to the present life. In a 

 funeral sermon he had asserted, that if the benefits resulting from 

 Christianity were confined to our present state, Christians would be, 

 of the whole human race, the most miserable. Hoadly on the con- 

 trary, maintained, in a printed letter to Atterbury, that it was a point 

 of the utmost importance to the Gospel itself, to vindicate the ten- 

 dency of virtue to the temporal happiness of man. In 1707 Atter- 

 bury was made canon in the cathedral of Exeter. In the same 

 year he was involved in a fresh controversy with Hoadly, concern- 

 ing passive obedience. In 1710 Dr. Sacheverell's trial took place ; 

 and it is stated in Boyer's ' History of the Life and Reign of Queen 

 Anne,' that the defence was generally thought to have been drawn up 



