BALDI, BKKNARDINO. 



BALDWIN. 



M 



Balboa, after visiting some of the islands in the gulf, returned to Darien, 

 which they reached on the lth January 1514. The fatigues of the 

 journey brought upon Balboa dangerous few. 



On arnvitu- at Umrien, Balboa gave those who had remained in the 

 colony their proportionate abate of the riches acquired in the expedi- 

 tion ; ho also nt a messenger to Spain, to give an account of his 

 discovery, and devoted bimcelf entirely to the improvement of the 

 settlement. In the meantime Encuo had BO excited the feelings of 

 the king against Balboa, that Zamudio, who attempted to exculpate 

 hu friend, was ordered to be imprisoned, and waa obliged to conceal 

 himself. The goYemment determined to appoint a person to super- 

 sede Balboa, and to try him for his rebellion. That commission was 

 given to Pedrarias Davila, a nobleman. The squadron of Pedrarias, 

 consulting of 1500 men, arrived at Darien in 1514. Such wore the 

 reports of bis ambition which the enemies of Balboa bad spread in 

 Spain, that Pedrarias expected to find him living in the colony in 

 princely state, but on his lauding he wns astonished to find lain 

 dnued like the meanest of his men, directing and assisting some 

 Indians in roofing a house. 



Pedrarias in execution of bis orders placed Balboa under arrest 

 and brought him to trial He waa acquitted of the murder of Nicuesa, 

 which bis enemies bad attributed to him, but he was condemned iu a 

 heavy fine as damages to Enciso, on paying which he was set at 

 liberty. Pedrarias however kept him without any employment in 

 the colony, the consequence of which was, that, through ignorance of 

 the country and mismanagement, the settlers experienced much 

 dUtrrM, and in one mouth seven hundred men died of sickness and 

 hunger. The new adventurers ranged the country in search of gold, 

 and not finding it treated the poor Indians with great cruelty. Thus 

 the chief* and tribes who, owing to the prudent and conciliating con- 

 duct of Balboa had been exceedingly friendly with the Spaniards, 

 were now changed into their enemies. 



In the meantime, the friends of Balboa at home had so exerted 

 themselves in his favour, that they obtained for him, in 1515, the 

 appointment of governor under Pedrarias, of Darieu and Coiba. 

 Pedrarias was however unwilling to give Balboa his authority, at 

 which the Utter, highly displeased, sent his friend Qarabito secretly 

 to Cuba, to procure sixty men, with the view of making a settlement 

 near the Pacific. When Qarabito returned, Pedrarias had given to 

 Balboa bis rank and title. Qarubito lauded his men about twenty 

 milrs from Darien, and informed Balboa. The information, secret as 

 it was, reached the ears of Pedrarias, at which he wai so indignant, 

 that be ordered Balboa to be imprisoned ; but on the eutreutiea of 

 the Bishop Quevedo, and his own wife, Balboa waa released and 

 reconciled to bis enemy. Tbis reconciliation was further cemented 

 by the marriage of Balboa with the eldest daughter of Pedrarias, 

 then in Spain. Notwithstanding this apparent reconciliation, Pedra- 

 rias kept Balboa at Darien, and was always afraid of employing him. 

 In 1517, Pedrarias, having been unsuccessful in all bin attempt* to 

 reduce the country, sent Balboa in the direction of Port Careta, with 

 directions to found a colony there, and to build ships, iu order to 

 vinit some of the islands in the Pacific ; but having been subsequently 

 informed by some of Balboa's enemies that ho intended going on a 

 Toyage of discovery on his own account, Pedrarias dispatched Francisco 

 Pixarro with an armed force to arrest Balboa, who was again tried on 

 tbo very charges on which he had before been acquitted. Although 

 the judge found him guilty, be recommended him to mercy, in con- 

 iiid<-ntion of bis services, but the inflexible Pedrariai answered the 

 judge, "If he is a criminal, let him die for his crimes." He was 

 accordingly condemned to be beheaded. 



Balboa died with the firmness of a hero, in his forty-second year. 

 Herrera says that Balboa was a tall and graceful man, of a pleasing 

 countenance, with flaxen hair ; and that be had an acute understand- 

 ing, and was possessed of great fortitude. In danger and fatigue be 

 always took toe lead, and wa the last in enjoying rest and comfort. 

 " He was," says Quintans, " rigid in his discipline, but when his 

 soldiers were sick or wounded, he visited and consoled them a* a 

 brother, and he waa on many occasions seen to go in pursuit of game, 

 and even to dress it himself, for bis sick men." 



J Herrera, //utorto General dt lot Jndiai Occidentala, Dccada first 

 Mcood, Quintana ; Vidai dt K,punotct Jluttret, torn, it ; Navar- 

 rete, CWeeum dt lot V,aga y Dttcubrimicntot dt lot EtpaAuUt dude 

 fimm dtl StgU, X V., vol. in. Madrid, 1820.) 



BA'LDI, BEKNAKlJl'NO, was bom at Urbino, June 6, 1553, of a 

 noble family. After having received his early education iu his native 

 town he went to Padua, where he studied mathematics, jurisprudence, 

 and the language*, of which last his biographer A Ho says be acquired 

 fourteen. 11 in reputation in these branches of learning made him 

 known to Pcrranto Uonxaga, lord of Guastalla, who engaged him as a 

 teacher of mathematics, and afterwards made him Abbot of Uuastalla, 

 with tiw Pope's approbation. Baldi discharged the duties of thin 

 omce with great aaudnity and Mai; but iu defending the prerogative., 

 Lotion, and immunities of hia abbey, he lound himself entangled 

 tn <lw|itca with the community and lay authorities of Uuastalla, and 

 with u,. prince himself. Annoyed perhaps at these controversies, he 

 ' to Home, when Cardinal Cintio Aldobrandini, nephew of Pope 

 VIII., became his friend, and invited him to live in his bouse. 

 the abbacy wf Uuastalla, retaining an annual pension 



from ita income. Having returned to Urbino, the Duke Francesco 

 Maria della Uovere sent him, in 1611, as his envoy to Venice, to 

 congratulate tho new Doge Andrea Heuimo. Un this occasion Baldi 

 pronounced an elegant oration before the Venetian senate, which so 

 pleased the doge that he presented the orator with a massive gold 

 chain of considerable value. He died at his native place, October 12, 

 1617. 



Baldi wrote a vast number of works iu prose and verse, the greater 

 part of which remain ineditod. Among those published are a poem 

 on navigation, and several eclogues, which are not without merit. He 

 painted the Italian rustics aa rustics generally are, describing their 

 habit* and employments, and deriving a moral from their contented- 

 ness and their humble enjoyments. Baldi wrote also a poem called 

 ' Deifobe,' purporting to be a chronicle of the vicissitudes of Rome 

 from iU foundation to the epoch in which he lived, in the form of a 

 prophecy. Of Baldi's prose works we have several dialogues one on 

 ' dignity ; ' and another on the qualities and duties required of a 

 prince, written with considerable freedom, considering the age and 

 country in which he lived. He also compiled a short chronicle of all 

 the mathematicians known from Euphorbiua (mentioned by Diogenes 

 Laertius in bis ' Life of Thales ') down to his own time ; and he 

 published two Latin works in illustration of Vitruvius 'ivamilli 

 Impairs Vitruviani a Bernardino Baldo nova ratione explicati,' Augs- 

 burg, 1612 ; and ' Do Verbomm Vitruvianorum Significatione,' ibid., 

 with a life of Vitruvius, Both have been inserted by the Marquis 

 Poleni in his 'Exercitationes Vitruvianoo.' Padua, 1741. Two historical 

 works of Baldi were recently published for the first time ' Vita e 

 Fatti di Guidobaldo I. di Montepeltro Duca d'Urbiuo,' 2 voU, Milano, 

 1821 ; and ' Vita e Fatti di Frederico di Moutepcltro Duca d'Urbino,' 

 3 vols., Roma, 1824. He is likewise said to have prepared an Arab 

 and a Persian grammar, a Turkish vocabulary, and a translation of 

 the geography of Edrisi, and another of a Chaldean commentary on 

 the Targum of Onkelos, the results of his assiduous study of the 

 Eastern languages, to which in the prime of his Ufa he for a short 

 time devoted much labour. 



(A flu, Vita di Bernardino Soldi.) 



BALDI'NI, BA'CCIO, a Florentine goldsmith and engraver, who 

 flourished in the second half of the 15th century. He was one of tho 

 first Italian engravers, whose works on that account have au historical 

 interest, but are otherwise of little value. Bnldiui was bred a gold- 

 smith, and was taught engraving by Finigucrra himself, who was the 

 inventor of the art according to the Italians. Baldini however, though 

 acquainted with tho art, could derive no benefit from it, as he was 

 incapable of making a design ; he communicated it therefore to Ales- 

 saudro Botticelli, and the two entered into partnership the one 

 designed and the other engraved. Such is tho story of Vasari. The 

 first priuU published in Italy are those of the books entitled ' 1 1 -Monte 

 Santo di Dio,' by Fra. Antonio di Siona, printed in 1477 : and of an 

 edition of Dante, with tho commentary of Landiui, published in 1481 : 

 both were printed at Florence by Niccolo di Lorenzo. In the 'Monte 

 Santo' there are three engravings by Baldiui, and for the Dante he 

 engraved 19, but only two were ready when the book was published ; 

 the remaining 1 7, in the Vatican copy, have been pasted on the blank 

 places left for them. Niccolo di Lorenzo left a blank place for a print 

 at the head of every canto. Baldiui executed many other prinU, 

 which are noticed at length by Bartech and other writers on prints. 

 Heineken, Strutt, and others have published copies of some of 

 Baldini's engravings as specimens of tho early Italian style. Accord- 

 ing to Duchesne (' Essai BUT les Nivlles '), Baldini also executed 

 numerous works in niello. (Vasari, Vtte dt Pttturi, Ac., iu tho 

 ' Life of Marcantonio ; ' Strutt, Dictionary of Kngranrt ; lleiuckeu, 

 A'ocAri'rAfm ron Kiinillern; Barfe-ch, Le Peintre-tiratenr.) 



BALDUNO, HA XS, called also Hans Uriiii, a celebrated old German 

 painter and wood-engraver, the contemporary and the friend of Albert 

 Diirer. He was born at Uiuiiud, in Swabia, about 1470, or a few yean 

 later, but lived chiefly iu Switzerland, at Strasbourg, aud iU neigh- 

 bourhood. From the inscription upon a picture of the Crucifixion, in 

 the church of Freiburg in Breiagau, which is considered bis masterpiece, 

 his full name appears to have been Hans Baldung Grim or Grieu. It 

 is painted upon canvass glued upon wood. His woodcuts are variously 

 signed H. 15., H. B. O., and H. G. His priuU are rather numerous. 

 Bartacb mentions two engravings on copper, and 59 woodcuts ; and 

 lirulliot states that there are still many which have been overlooked 

 by Bartsch. Balduug's latest cuU bear tho date 1534. 1 he earliest 

 date of his cuU appears to be 1507. His latest works arc the host 



As a painter he was little inferior to Albert 1 hirer in expression, in 

 colouring, or in finish. He painted portraits and history, sacred and 

 profane : the heads are the best part* of his works. The year 1545 is 

 given in several works as the year of his death. There is in the gallery 

 of Carlsruhe a book of studies and portraits by him. 



li, Aligemeinet Ktliatler- Lexicon ; Heineken, Diclinnnaire da 

 Artula, &.C.; Bartacb, Le Piintrt (iravcur ; lirulli.it, />> /i;,m,iiit da 

 MoKiigiamma, Ac. ; Na:li-r, .Vena AUycmeina Kun*llcr-Li.< 



I >\V1N, or BAUDOUI'N, great, forester of Flanders, sue. 

 A.D. 837, his father Andaccr in the government of that province, as 

 feudatory of the Emperor Louis, Charlemagne's successor. Baldwin 

 waa called ' Iron-arm,' on account of his great strength ; some say, on 

 account of hu being constantly in armour. Upon the death of Loui, 



