BALDWIN II. 



!', JOHN. 



I were circulated ronpeotins; the way in which he had been put 

 to death, but none of them appear dMrring of much credit Henry, 

 Baldwin'* brother, succeeded him u emperor of Constantinople. 

 Twrnty years after a hermit appeared in Flaoden, pretending that 

 he WM lialdwin, but he was convicted of imposture and put to death. 

 Mary, Italdwiu'i wife, died before her husband on a pilgrimage to 

 Jerusalem. Two contemporary historians, of the two opposite parties, 

 hare each left u* an account of the memorable event* connected with 

 the conquest of Constantinople by the Cnuaden ; one ii Villehardouin 

 of Champagne above-mentioned, and the other NiceUa, a Greek, 

 who held a high rank in the imperial court. (Nicetas, books ziz. 

 xx. zzi) There an also letters from Baldwin, inserted in the Gala 

 /nocmrii ///. (Lebean, I/utoirr du Bat Empire; Ducange; the 

 Venetian historians ; Gibbon, ch. 60.) 



BALDWIN H. wu the eon of Peter de Courteoay, count of 

 Auxerre, and of Tolande, lister of Baldwin I., the emperor, and was 

 born in 1217. After the death of Henry, Baldwin'* brother and suc- 

 cessor in 1217, Peter de Courtenity was called to the imperial throne ; 

 but Peter never reached his destination, being treacherously arrested 

 in Kpirui by Theodore Angela*, the despot of that country. H died 

 in captivity, bat the manner of his death is unknown. His second 

 son Hubert, who was called to succeed him on the imperial throne, 

 died in 1228. His brother Baldwin being yet a child, the barons of 

 Romania called to the throne John of Brienne, titular king of Jeru- 

 salem, on condition that young Baldwin should marry his daughter 

 and become his colleague and successor. John of Brienne died in 

 12S7. and was succeeded by Baldwin. The empire of the Latins 

 might be said to be now confined to the walls of Constantinople, and 

 Baldwin had neither money nor abilities to retrieve his fortunes. 

 After visiting Home and France in the vain hope of inducing the Pope 

 and Louis IX. to afford him aid, and wasting years of humiliating 

 reverses and fruitless negociaiions, he (in July 1261) was surprised 

 within hi* capital by the troops of Michael Pnlroologus, who ruled 

 over the Greeks of Asia Minor as well as of Thrace. Michael was 

 proclaimed emperor by the multitude, and Baldwin had just time to 

 escape by sea to Eubcea, and thence to Italy. With him ended the 

 dynasty of the Latin emperors of Constantinople. In his exile, 

 Baldwin continued to retain the title of emperor, and it was used by 

 his descendants till the close of the 14th century. The last of these 

 titular emperors of Constantinople was James de Baux, duke of 

 Andria in the kingdom of Naples, who was descended from Baldwin II. 

 by his mother's side. (Gibbon, ch. 61, and bis authorities; Du Bouchet, 

 lliit;\,t (U la Maiton de Courtenay, Ac.) 



BALDWIN I., King of Jerusalem, was the son of Eustace, count of 

 Bouillon, a feudal territory in the Ardennes, and of Ida of Lorraine. 

 He accompanied his two elder brothers, Godfrey, duke of Lower 

 Lormiue or Brabant, and Euntace, count of Boulogne, to the first 

 cruade in 1006. Baldwin distinguished himself in several actions 

 gainst the Turks of Asia Minor, and took Tarsus in Cilicia. On the 

 invitation of the Christian inhabitants of Edessa, who were tribu- 

 tarie to tlie Turks, he entered Mesopotamia, and was well receive, 1 

 by the Edeuans, who soon after proclaimed him tln-ir lord. Upon 

 thai Baldwin assumed the title of Count of Edessa, which county con- 

 tinued in the hands of the Christians for about half a century. After 

 extruding the limits of his territory by fresh conquests, he joined tho 

 net of the Crusaders in attacking the Turks of Aleppo, but soon after 

 returned to Edeass, while the main army advanced against Jerusalem 

 in 10W. After his brother Godfrey had been elected king of Jcru 

 salem, Baldwin repaired with a large retinue to the Holy City, and 

 aftr having vuu'ted the sanctuaries returned to Edessa. In the 

 following year (1100) Godfrey died, and Baldwin being called to 

 succeed him, resigned the county of Edessa to his cousin Baldwin du 

 Bouiy, and repaired to Jerusalem, where he was crowned on Christmas- 

 Day 1100. lli reign, which lasted till 1118, was one of continual 

 warfare against the Turku, the Arabs, the Persians, and the Saracens 

 ' VfJPl* ' which Baldwin displayed much bravery and perse- 

 rerance, and indefatigable activity. He obtained several victories, 

 taking the towns of Acre, Tripoli in Syria, Sidon, Ascalon, and 

 Rhinooolurs, thus securing for the Christians possession of all the 

 mat of Syria, from the Gulf of Isras to the frontier of Kgypt 

 Baldwin, intending to carry the war into Egypt, advanced as far as 

 Khinocolura, which he took, but proceeded no farther. On his return 

 towards Jerusalem ho was taken ill, and died at Laris, in the Desert, 

 In March 1118. Baldwin was a very different character from his 

 brother Godfrey, who was a sincere enthusiast, pure and disinterested. 

 Baldwin was ambitions and worldly, but at the same time brave, 

 Merer, and firm. Taaso, in the first canto of his 'Oerusalemme ' 

 (st 8-9), has faithfully portrayed the character of the two brothers. 

 (For U events of the first Crusade, and the reigns of Baldwin and 

 his successors, sec William of Tyre, Gibbon, and Michaud, Hittoircdc* 



. 



BALDWIN- M or Baldwin du Bourg, count of Kdessa, succeeded 

 his coiuin Ifeldwin I. on the throne of Jerusalem, when he resigned 

 the county of Kdosa to Jocelyn of Courtenay. Dnder his reign the 

 njUilary and religious order of the Templars wu instituted for the 

 |*ooeof the Holy Land. The order of St. John of Jerusalem had 

 wen IsMtHnted many years before for pious and charitable purposes; 

 but it also now aatumed a military character. Baldwin's reign, like 



that of his predecessor, was one of almost constant warfare against the 

 Turks, Arabs, and Egyptian Saracens. In 1123 he went to the relief 

 of Edema, which was attacked by the Turks, who bad taken Jooelyn 

 of Courtenay prisoner. Baldwin was surprised by the Turks, and 

 taken also. Jooelyn however found means to escape, defeated the 

 Turks, and obtained Baldwin's release on his paying a ransom. Bald- 

 win abdicated the crown in favour of his son-in-law, Foulques of 

 Anjon, in 1131, and retired to the monastery of the Holy Sepulchre 

 where he soon after died. 



BALDWIN III., the son of Foulques of Anjou, was bora in 1130, 

 and succeeded his father in 1142. Under his reign the Christians lost 

 Kdessa, which was token by storm in 1145 by Zenghi, Turkish prince 

 of Aleppo, and father of the famous Nourcddin. Baldwin had to 

 struggle during the greater part of his reign with the power and 

 abilities of Noureddin, of whom ho was sometimes the enemy and 

 sometimes the ally against the F.itimite sultan's of Egypt, who were 

 perpetually at war with the Abbaaide kalifs of Baghdad, to whom 

 Noureddin bore allegiance. [NotniEDniN.] Louis VII. of France, 

 and Conrad HI., emperor of Germany, undertook the second crusade 

 in 1147, at the exhortation of St. Bernard, for the purpose of sup- 

 porting their Christian brethren of Palestine. In this expedition they 

 lost the greater part of their men in their march through Asia Minor ; 

 and having reached Palestine with tho remainder, they joined Bald- 

 win's forces in an attempt upon Damascus, in which they failed. 

 Conrad and Louis then returned to Europe. Baldwin married 

 Theodora, the niece of Manuel Comnenus, emperor of Constanti- 

 nople, He died February 23, 1162, with suspicious symptoms, after 

 having taken some medicine from a Jewish physician at Autioch. 1 1 e 

 was succeeded by his brother Amaury, or Amalric. 



BALDWIN IV'., son of Amaury, was born in 1160, and succeeded 

 his father in 1174. He was afflicted with leprosy and nearly blind, 

 yet in this distressed state he had to encounter the might of Salaeddin, 

 who had succeeded Noureddin, and had extended his power over both 

 Egypt and Syria. Baldwin however, after suffering several defeats, 

 obtained a truce from Salaeddin. He died in 1186, leaving for his 

 successor his nephew Baldwin, then a child, the son of his sister 

 Sybilla and of her first husband, the Marquis of Moutfcrrat. This 

 Baldwin, who has been styled Baldwin V., died seven months after his 

 uncle, and, it was suspected, by poison administered by Guy de Lusig- 

 nan, Sybilla's second husband, who next became king. Soon after 

 Guy's assumption the Christians lost Jerusalem, which was taken by 

 Salaeddin in 1187. 



BALDWIN, Archbishop of Canterbury in the reigns of Henry II . 

 and Richard I. This prelate was born of obscure parents at Exeter, 

 where he received a liberal education, and in his younger years taught 

 school Having entered into holy orders, he was made archdeacon of 

 Exeter, but soon resigned this dignity, and became a monk in the 

 Cistercian abbey of Ford, in Devonshire, of which iu a fow years he 

 was elected abbot. In 1180, he was promoted to the bishopric of 

 Worcester; and in 1 184 Henry II. translated him to the see of Canter- 

 bury. Rililwin had not been long settled in the see when h began 

 to build a church and monastery at Heckingto i, near Canterbury, iu 

 honour of St. Thomas a Bccket, intending it for the reception of 

 secular priests ; but the opposition of the monks of his cathedral, 

 supported by the authority of successive popes, caused him ultimately 

 to desist, and even to destroy the buildings which he had erected. 

 Urban III. afterwards mode Baldwin his legate for the diocese of 

 Canterbury. On September 3, 1 189, Baldwin performed the ceremony 

 of crowning Richard I. at Westminster ; and iu the same year, when 

 that king's natural brother, Geoffrey, was translated from the see of 

 Lincoln to York, he successfully asserted the pre-eminence of the see 

 of Canterbury, forbidding the bishops of England to receive consecra- 

 tion from any other than the archbishop of Canterbury. In 1190 he 

 made a progress into Wales, to preach the crusade ; and in the same 

 year, having held a council at Westminster, he followed king Richard L 

 to the Holy Land. He embarked at Dover, March 25, 1191, abandon- 

 ing the important duties of his station, and, after auflering many 

 hardships on his voyage, arrived at Acre during the siege, where he 

 died, November 20, iu the same year, and where his body was interred. 



Qiraldus de Burri, or Cambreusis, who accompanied Archbishop 

 Baldwin not only in his progress through Wales, but to the Holy Land, 

 tells us he was of a dark complexion, an open and pleasant aspect, a 

 middling stature, and a spare but healthful constitution of body; 

 modest and sober, of great abstinence, of few words, and not easily 

 provoked to anger. The only fault he charges him with is a remissness 

 in the execution of his pastoral office, arising from an innate lenity 

 of temper. Bishop Tanner has given a list of a great many treatises 

 by Archbishop lialdwin, which remain in manuscript, and has noticed 

 the different libraries in which they are deposited. The most important 

 wore collected by Bertrand Tinier, anil published, iu lCt>2, iu the 

 fifth volume of tho ' Scriptores Biblioth. CUterci 



(Bioar. Brit., edit. 1778, p. 530; Mat. Par., edit. 1640, pp. 141, 148, 

 154, 157, 161 ; H.-nry, Jfitl. Brit., 8vo, edit. 1805, vol. v. pp. 408, 

 423 ; Pits, Dt Illuttr. Atiyt. Script., an. 1193 ; Whiutou, Anglia Sacra; 

 Gervas, Ad. Pont if) 



BALE, JOHN, in Latin BAL-iEUS, Bishop of Ossory in Ireland, was 

 born at Cove, a small village in Suffolk, about five miles from Dunwich, 

 November 21st, 1 405. When he was twelve years of age he was placed 



