BAHNK8, JOSHUA. 



BA11NEVELDT, JOttlN VA.N OLDEN. 



merchant* of London 

 of bill injonou.l; 

 argue their <, w 



the HOUM of Lord* on the subject 

 ing their interact*, and chow Mr. Barnard to 

 h did with w much ability Rod lueoeu, that 

 At thii time Mr. Ikruard WM thirty-six 



the bill WM withdrawn, 

 yean of age. 



A dissolution of parliament occurring in 1722, he was put in nomi- 

 nation M one of the candidate* for the city. Out of ix candidate* 

 Mr. Barnard wa* second on the poll, and he continued to represent 

 the city in parliament during nearly forty year*. From hi* first election 

 be took an active part in the debate*, and owing to hit knowledge upon 

 commercial and financial questions, proved a very uraful member of 

 parliament ; he generally voted with the part; oppoaed to the adminis- 

 tration of Sir Robert Walpole. 



In 1733 Mr. Barnard, who four year* before had been elected an 

 alderman of London, received the honour of knighthood on presenting 

 an addreas to the king congratulating him on hu return from Oermany. 

 In 1737 Sir John Barnard served the office of lord mayor of London. 



lu 1745, during the rebellion in Scotland, public credit received a 

 ever* ahoek, and so much distrust waa shown toward* the Bank of 

 Kogland. that the moat serious consequences to that establishment 



:. a;.pr. !. : .:!. I:i : ;.n i-.-i-.< S:r .l.ilm I'...ni:ir,l i-.im,- fc.rwupl :m,l 



procured signature* from most of the leading merchants of London to 

 an agreement, binding themselves to receive tbo note* of the Bank of 

 England in payment of all debts and bills, and thus the evil was 

 averted. In 175S Sir John retired from public life, and on that occa- 

 sion received a vote of thanks from his fellow-citizens for his long 

 and various services. He lived for six years in retirement, and died 

 at Clapham on the 2Mb August 1764, in the eightieth year of his age : 

 he was buried at Mortlake. His fellow-citizens had during his life 

 placed a statue of him in the Boyal Exchange, which was destroyed 

 in the fir* on January 10, 1838. 



BARNES, JOSHUA, was born in London on June 10, 1654. He 

 wa* educated at Christ'* Hospital, and went in December 1671 to 

 Kmmanuel College, Cambridge. Here he distinguished himself by a 

 minute and grammatical knowledge of Greek, and he wa* elected 

 Kegiu* Profeawr of Greek at Cambridge in the year 1695. In 1700 

 he married Mr*. Mason of Hemingford, a widow lady with a good 

 jointure, a large part of which he devoted to the publication of his 

 Homer in 1710; in 1711 he wrote to Harley three letters, which are 

 preserved in the Harleian Collection (Br. M. 7623), praying for prefer- 

 ment, but in vain. He died in 1712, and his widow erected a monu- 

 ment to his memory at Hemingford. He wrote a considerable number 

 of works, including poem* and sermons ; but the only ones requiring 

 notice, and these are only known to a few scholars, are the ' History 

 of Kiiward the Third,' and annotated editions of Euripides, Anacreou, 

 and Homer. 



BARNEVELDT. JOHAN VAN OLDEN, was born at Amersfoort, 

 in the province of Utrecht, in 1547, and was descended "from an 

 ancient and noble stock," he state* himself in his ' Apologia.' In 

 1664 he went to the Hague to prosecute the studies of an advocate. 

 After spending five years in the study of the law, and, according to 

 the fashion of the time*, of divinity, between Heidelberg and the 

 Hague, he settled as an advocate in the latter place in 1569. His 

 talent* being of the first order, his practice soon became considerable : 

 be was appointed one of the advocates of the court, and in 1576 was 

 chosen counsellor and pensionary of Rotterdam. In 1575 Barneveldt 

 married a lady who did honour to his choice, though he himself 

 declared that he wa* at the time much more influenced by the amount 

 of her property than her virtue* ; an avowal which, taken with other 

 (arts of hi* conduct, tend* strongly to substantiate the accusation of 

 hu enemies, that his character waa not free from the taint of avarice. 



While the struggle between the Netherlands and Philip II. was at 

 its height, Barneveldt, who was early distinguished for his patriotic 

 ardour and impatience of the yoke of Sjuuu, did not let either his 

 advocates gown or his habiU as a civilian prevent him from occasion- 

 ally discharging the duties of a soldier. In 1573 he assisted a* a 

 volunteer at the memorable lirge of Haarlem, and was only prevented 

 liy illness from taking part in the still more memorable siege of Leyden 

 in 1575. In 1586 the prospect* of the United Provinces were moat 

 disheartening. They bad just lost their leader, William of Orange, to 

 wboM firmness, sagacity, and unconquerable seal for his country's 

 welfare, they were mainly indebted for their honourable position in 

 the eye. of Europe. William fell by the hand of an assassin on the 

 10th of July in the preceding year. The Spanish arms, directed by 

 the I'rinoe of Parma, were almost everywhere triumphant, and it 

 appeared hopeleas to continue the struggle without the aid of foreign 

 power*. Under these circumstance* the States-General opened nego- 

 tiation* with France and England, from whom they had received pro- 

 mise* of aaniitance. Ambassadors were sent by the State* to the 

 French and English court*. Henry III. was too much engaged with 

 the war of religion* factions which then distracted hi* own kingdom 

 to aid the insurgent*, ao d ac onlingly referred them to the good offices 

 of the Queen of England. On the 29th of June, 1686, a deputation. 

 beaded by Bameveldt. made a formal offer of the sovereignty of the 

 revolted provinces to Elizabeth on their knees, beseeching her to accept 

 tb. people of the Netherlands for her subject*. Elizabeth refused the 

 prooVrrd sovereignty, bat entered into a tmtty, by which she bound 

 hewelf to aid them with (000 foot and 1000 horse, advancing at the 



time a considerable sum of money, to be repaid at the and of 

 the war. 



Elisabeth intrusted this armament to the command of Dudley, earl 

 of Leicester. Barneveldt saw from the beginning that Leicester wa* 

 totally unworthy of the important trusts confided to him, and promptly 

 used his influence with the States to limit bis real power*. By his 

 advice, and with a view to control Leicester's military authority, Prince 

 Maurice, the son of William of Orange, then but nineteen years of a,-.-, 

 waa raised to the dignity of Stadtholder, Captain-General, and Admir.il 

 of Holland and Zealand ; and he contrived that, though Leicester was, 

 according to the treaty of alliance with Elizabeth, a member of tbo 

 Council of State, he had no share in the proceedings of that more 

 select council, consisting of the chief magistrates, in whom by hii 

 advice the government of the Netherlands was actually vested. Barne- 

 veldt remonstrated with Leicester, upon the part of the States, for his 

 misgovermnent ; appealing to their violated privileges, ruined finance*, 

 and to the neglected discipline of his army, for proofs of oppression and 

 incapacity. Leicester was indignant at being thus held responsible for 

 his conduct to saucy burghers and traders, and angrily dissolved the 

 Assembly of the States for presuming to meddle with measures beyond 

 their province. The States, by Barneveldt's advice, continued their 

 aitting*. The quarrel continued to grow more inveterate, until the 

 States at length solicited Elizabeth to recall Leicester, and obtained 

 their request 



Barneveldt boiaU that he alone opposed Leicester's mischievous 

 presumption, and that in consequence lie was rewarded by his invete- 

 rate hatred. He was at the time the first civil officer of the common- 

 wealth, having been promoted to the office of Advocate-General of 

 Holland and West Friesland on his return from his embassy to Eng- 

 land. Barneveldt tells us that he accepted this high office with great 

 reluctance. A {fairs were at the time in great confusion ; the finances 

 of the provinces were at the lowest ebb ; and, as he urged upon the 

 State*, his own fortune was unequal to maintain the rank and dignity 

 of hi* station in a manner calculated to command the respect of 

 foreigners. He was not however Ion? at the head of affairs before 

 order was restored, trade revived, and the monied resources of the 

 state were improved. Having succeeded in restoring order and pro- 

 priety, he resigned his office in 1592; but the States were unanimous 

 in soliciting him not to abandon a post of difficulty which he alone 

 was competent to fill. They strengthened their appeal to his patriot >-m 

 by increasing the salary of the office. Barneveldt continued to con, hi. -I 

 the affairs of the state till the year before his death with signal ability 

 and integrity. 



In 1603 the States-General dispatched an embassy to En:-I.m.l. 

 nominally to congratulate James I. on his accession, but in reality to 

 prevent his concluding a treaty of peace with Spain. This embassy 

 was on a scale of unusual splendour, and was composed of Prince 

 Frederick of Nassau, brother of Maurice the Stadtholder, Barneveldt 

 the Grand Pensionary, and Valck and Brederode, two of the first digni- 

 taries of the republic. The conduct of the embassy was trusted to 

 the sagacity and experience of Barneveldt. No ordinary address and 

 perseverance were required to overcome the feelings which Jame* 

 entertained towards men whom he did not hesitate to denounce a* 

 rebels. Fortunately for Barneveldt in this embarrassment, the cele- 

 brated Duke of Sully, then M. dc Roany, arrived as ambassador from 

 his master, Henry IV. As it was the interest of France that the 

 Netherlands should not be restored to the king of Spain, Barneveldt 

 had not much difficulty in persuading the French ambassador to use 

 his influence at the English court in favour of the revolted provinces. 

 The result of these negotiations was, that James attached his signa- 

 ture to a treaty drawn up by Sully, which bound the kings of France 

 and England to aid the States by a secret advance of money, to be 

 followed up by actual hostilities against the Spanish king if he should 

 resent this clandestine assistance. Barneveldt failed however to per- 

 inade either monarch to send an army to aid the brave defenders of 

 Osteud, then in the third year of its memorable siege. (Grotius'a 

 celebrated 'Prosopopoeia of Ostend' in his Latin poems.) 



The truce of twelve years between Spain and the United Province*, 

 signed on the 9th of April 1609, which was effected almost entirely 

 through the influence and firmness of Barneveldt, exposed him to 

 unworthy suspicious. He was vehemently opposed by the army and 

 the military authorities, guided by Prince Maurice the Stadtholder. 

 Every artifice of delay and misrepresentation was resorted to with a 

 view to holding up the advocates of the truce with Spain as traitors 

 to the cause of national independence. Though Barneveldt had been 

 the means of extorting from the Spanish court a recognition of the 

 independence of the United Provinces as a preliminary condition to 

 all negociation, he was denounoed a* one who had received bribes from 

 that court for the purpose of establishing the Spanish yoke and the 

 Catholic faith; and so strong was the popular delusion, and so fierce 

 the opposition of Prince Maurice, that Barneveldt, at one period of the 

 negociation, resigned his office of grand pensionary in order to avert 

 the calamities of a civil war. At the solicitation however of the States- 

 General ho resumed his office, and, strongly supported by the ambas- 

 sadors of France and England, overcame all difficulties after a struggle 

 of two years, and the truce of twelve years was concluded. 



The great services which William of Orange, the father of Maurice, 

 bad rendered to the cause of independence, induced the States-General 



