519 



BARROT, CAMILLE-HYACINTHE-ODILON. 



BARROW, ISAAC. 



650 



occupied with the history of Albuquerque's achievements till the death 

 of that great commander in 1515. The third Decade, published in 

 1563, contains the events from 1516 to 1526. Of the fourth Decade, 

 the manuscript was purchased for 500 milreis, from Barros's daughter- 

 in-law in 1591, by King Philip II. of Spain, after his conquest of Por- 

 tugal. It was published in 1615 at Madrid, with notes and additions, 

 by Q. B. Lavanha. It carries on the history of Portuguese India to 

 the year 1539; but before this, Diego do Couto, historiographer of 

 India to Philip II. and Philip III. had commenced a continuation of 

 Barros's first three Decades, and had published a fourth Decade, which 

 he followed up with a fifth, and so on till the eighth, which comes 

 down to the year 1571. The best edition of Barros's work is that of 

 1778, from the royal press, Lisbon, 9 vols. 8vo, with the life of Barros 

 by Manoel Severim de Faria, and a copious index. Couto's continu- 

 ation, aa far as the eighth Decade, was published also at the same press 

 in 8 vols. 8vo, 1778-83, with a life of Couto. Barros is considered by 

 the Portuguese as their best historian, both for the matter of his his- 

 tory and the manner of his composition. His style is much admired, 

 and his language is considered as a model of Portuguese prose- writing : 

 the narrative is simple and unpretending. Barros died at his estate of 

 Alitcm, near Pombal, 1570. He is spoken of as a man of high honour 

 and moral character, both by his biographer, Manoel de Faria, above 

 mentioned, and by Nicolao Antonio in his ' Bibliotheca Hispana,' 

 vol. i. p. 498. He wrote also some moral dialogues and other minor 

 works. 



* BARROT, CAMILLE-HYACINTHE-ODILON, was born at 

 Yilleport, in the department of Lozere, on July 19, 1791, and educated 

 at SL-C'yr and the Lyce'e Napoleon. The sou of a politician, he early 

 began to follow his father's course. At nineteen he pleaded before the 

 ordinary tribunals, and at twenty-three, by a dispensation, before the 

 Court of Cassation. Here he distinguished himself by his genius, his 

 boldness, and the liberality of his opinions. In 1819 he defended 

 those Protestants of the south accused of not having decorated their 

 houses at the procession of the host on Corpus Christ! day, justifying 

 them on the ground of the freedom of religious worship. The Court 

 of Cassation sustained his argument by its decision. 



A more advanced step in political life was when M. Bar-rot became 

 president of the society ' Aide-toi, le Ciel t'aidera,' to which he endea- 

 voured at first to give a direction slowly and legally progressive. At 

 the banquet however known as the Vendanges de Bourgogne, given to 

 numerous members constituting the opposition in the Chamber of 

 Deputies, he said, in the course of his address, that legal paths were 

 sufficient to lead to a triumph fur liberty, but if those paths were 

 forcibly stopped by authority, there would be no resource but in the 

 valour of the citizens, and it would not be wanting. In July 1830, 

 M. Barrot became secretary to the municipal commission, and he is 

 said to have influenced M. de la Fayette to refuse the presidency of 

 the republic. He was one of three commissioners charged to conduct 

 the unseated dynasty to Cherbourg. On his return he was nominated 

 Prefect of the department of the Seine, which office he held for six 

 mouths, marked by conflicts with M. Quizot, and the seditious tumult 

 at St,-0ermaiu. As parliamentary deputy he was the leader of a 

 party opposed to M. Casimir Pdrier, combated the establishment of a 

 hereditary peerage, and protested against the use of the word ' subject' 

 when applied to the people, as being insulting and unconstitutional. 

 HU opposition was continued to the successive ministers who succeeded 

 Perier, until 1840, when M. Thiers was president of the council At 

 this time he voted for the fortifying of Paris, but spoke against the 

 regency bill, and reproached the government with feebleness on the 

 question of the right of search, claimed by England, and which then 

 greatly interested the public mind. 



But a new revolution, to which M. Barrot and his friends contributed 

 no little, chased the Orleans dynasty from the throne of France. The 

 question of the right of holding public banquets, became the cause of 

 a tumult which ended in the downfall of a monarchy. M. Barrot, 

 for a few hours, was named minister with M. Thiers, and pleaded in 

 vain before the chamber of Deputies for the regency of the Duchess 

 of Orleans. On December 10, 1848, M. Barrot became president of 

 the council and keeper of the seals, and he now, though hitherto so 

 strenuous an advocate of parliamentary power, advised the chambers 

 to dissolve. He also defended the expedition to Rome; presented 

 projects of law against the press; and after the 13th of June 1849, he, 

 the president of the reformist banquet, demanded the dismissal of 

 the National Guard who had met to petition on the occasion of 

 the expedition to Rome. 



In September 1849, M. Barrot felt compelled by failing health to 

 relinquish for a time his public employment. Returning as a deputy 

 merely, he has voted in favour of the law for the deportation of 

 political offenders ; and advocated a revision of the constitution, which 

 he desired to be lesi republican. Since December 1851, he lias with- 

 drawn from public affairs altogether. 

 (XouvMe Bioyrajihie Vnivertclle.) 



BARROW, ISAAC, an eminent English divine, was the eldest son 

 of Thomas Barrow, linendraper to Charles I., and descended of a 

 respectable Suffolk family. Hi uncle, Isaac Barrow, was fellow of 

 Peterhouse College, Cambridge, from which he was ejected by the 

 Presbyterians about 1644, but after tho Restoration he became succes- 

 sively bishop of Man and St. Asaph, and died in 1680. Isaac Barrow, 



the nephew, was born in 1630, and received his education first at the 

 Charter-house, and afterwards at Felstead school in Essex. In the 

 first he gave but little promise of excellence, his principal delight 

 being in fighting, and his general habits negligent ; so that his father 

 is reported to have wished, that if it pleased God to take any of his 

 children, it might be Isaac. At the second school he formed a good 

 character, and in December 1643, he was entered at Peterhouse 

 College, Cambridge, under his uncle above-mentioned. But by the 

 time (February, 1645) the nephew began his residence at the university 

 the uncle had been ejected, and the nephew accordingly removed to 

 Trinity College. His father, in the meauwhile, had suffered losses for 

 his adherence to the cause of Charles I., and it is said that young 

 Barrow was indebted for his support to the well-known Dr. Hammond. 

 He was scholar of his college in 1647; B.A. in 1648; fellow in 1649; 

 and M.A. in 1652 ; 'ad eundem' at Oxford, 1653; B.D., 1661; D.D. 

 (by mandate), 1670. These testimonies to his merit (tbe two last 

 excepted) were the more remarkable, as he was, and always continued, 

 a staunch Royalist. 



Barrow had at first intended to practise medicine, and had studied 

 accordingly, but on his accession to a fellowship he bi-gan to study 

 theology, as required by the statutes of the college. His desire to 

 investigate ecclesiastical chronology led him to the study of astronomy, 

 and that to the higher branches of mathematics. But he bad in the 

 meanwhile closely studied the learned languages, so that on the 

 resignation of the Greek professor he was recommended to that chair. 

 This he did not gain, being suspected of Armiuiauisin ; and the disap- 

 pointment, together with the unfavourable character of public events 

 to his views, induced him to go abroad. He travelled (1655-59) through 

 France and Italy to Smyrna and Constantinople, thence again to Venice, 

 and through Germany and Holland home. After his return he waa 

 epiacopally ordained, a little before the Restoration, but his claims 

 were neglected by those who were now the dispensers of patronage in 

 the church. In 1660 he was chosen Greek professor at Cambridge, 

 and in 1662 Gresham professor of geometry. This last he resigned 

 iu 1664, holding its duties to be incompatible with those of the 

 Lucasian professorship, to which he was appointed by Mr. Lucas at 

 the institution of that chair in 1663. This again he resigned iu 1669 

 in favour of a pupil, a young mau whom he considered as of the 

 highest promise, aged 27, and named Isaac Newton : indeed his 

 whole history is one of resignations of profit upon principle. He had 

 previously been offered a good living upon condition of instructing 

 the son of the donor ; he rejected the offer as eimoniacal. His uncle 

 gave him a small living in Wales, and Dr. Seth Ward, bishop of Salis- 

 bury, made him one of the prebendaries of that cathedral. He applied 

 the revenues of both preferments to charitable purposes, and resigned 

 them when Charles II., in 1672, appointed him master of Trinity 

 College. In this capacity he strenuously and successfully exerted 

 himself to form a library, the want of which had been long felt. He 

 likewise remitted to the college several expenses which statute or 

 custom might have compelled them to incur for the maintenance of 

 his office. He died very young, considering his reputation, May 4, 

 1677, aged about forty-seven, and was buried in Westminster Abbey : 

 he left his manuscripts to Tillotson (afterwards archbishop), and 

 Abraham Hill, his biographer. 



Barrow's moral and personal character were of the highest excel- 

 lence. His energy of mind is sufficiently attested by the extent of 

 his writings by the successful variety of his studies by the extra- 

 ordinary opinion of him formed by his associates, when compared with 

 the degree of interest his writings preseut to posterity : which is 

 always, in our opinion, proof of a lustre cast upon writings by per- 

 sonal character and by the erection of Trinity College Library above- 

 mentioned. The quarrelsome disposition of his boyhood subsided 

 into rational and even reasoning courage, under the discipline to which 

 he subjected his mind. Dr. Pope, who was personally intimate with 

 him, thus describes his appearance and habits : " As to his person he 

 was low of stature, lean, and of a pale complexion, and negligent of 

 his dress to a fault, . . . He was of extraordinary strength, a 

 thin skin, and very sensible of cold ; hia eyes grey, clear, and some- 

 what short-sighted ; his hair a light-brown, very fine, and curling. 

 He was of a healthy constitution, very fond of tobacco, which he 

 used to call his ' panpharmacon,' or universal medicine, and imagined 

 it helped to compose and regulate his thoughts. If he was guilty of 

 any intemperance, it seemed to be in the love of fruit, being of opinion 

 that, if it kills hundreds in autumn, it preserves thousands. He slept 

 little, generally rising in the winter months before day." Dr. Barrow 

 never married : hia fellowship prevented bis doing so iu earlier life, 

 and on his appointment to the mastership he had the permission 

 rescinded, which was granted in the patent. Mr. Hill says he judged 

 it contrary to the college statutes. His sermons were, even in those 

 days of long sermons, regarded as excessively loug. It is said that a 

 sermon on charity", which he delivered before the mayor and aldermen, 

 lasted three hours and a half; and another, from the text, "He that 

 uttereth a slander is a Uar," of which be was prevailed upon to preach 

 only the half relating to slander, leaving out that which treated on 

 lies, lasted an hour and a half. 



Tho works which Dr. Barrow published during his life are as follows, 

 in which a few words of the Latin titles only are retained : 1. ' Eucli- 

 dis Elementa,' Cambridge, 1655, contains iill the books of Euclid; 



