BARTOLI, PIETRO SANTO. 



BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH. 



Japan, and its subsequent total eradication by fire and sword, are 

 remarkable historical events. Bartoli's narrative embraces the whole 

 history of Christianity in Japan, from the landing of its first preacher, 

 Xavier, in 1549, till its complete extinction in 1637, when Japan was 

 closed against all Europeans, with the exception of the Dutch, who 

 were allowed to trade at the harbour of Nangasaki; an exception 

 which has continued in force till our own day, when' the treaties of 

 England and America with Japan concluded in 1855, have in some 

 measure opened the country to the British and American commerce. 

 Bartoli gives a very good sketch of the character and habits of the 

 Japanese. 



Bartoli's next publication was ' La Cina, terza parte dell' Asia,' fol., 

 Roma, 1603. This work, which embraces also the missions to Cochin 

 China and Tonkin, concludes Bartoli's account of Asia an account 

 replete with interest, for these may be looked upon as the heroic times 

 of the Order of Jesuits. He next published ' L'ltalia, prima parte dell' 

 Europa,' fol., Roma, 1673; and 'Dell' Inghilterra, parte dell' Europa,' 

 fol., Roma, 1667. This is a history of tho English Catholics, prin- 

 cipally under Elizabeth an<i James I. : the author passes rapidly over 

 the reign of Mary, "who," he says, "was obliged to use the sword, in 

 order to cut off the mortified limbs of the nation, for fear they should 

 infect the rest." Bartoli wrote also the life of Ignatius de Loyola, 

 the founder of the Jesuits, ' Vita e Istituto di S. Ignazio,' fol., Roma, 

 1689 ; and the lives of the Generals Caraffa and Borgia, and other 

 distinguished members of his order. These various works contain a 

 vast quantity of materials for the history of the first century of the 

 . of Jesuits. But he wrote also several books on morality : ' La 

 Piicreazione del Savio;' Milano, 1660; being considerations on the 

 wonders of nature, from which he derives moral and religious argu- 

 ments for the conduct of a wise man ; ' Delia Geografia trasportata 

 al Morale;' Ro"ia,1664; and 'L'Uomo di Lettere difeso ed emendate," 

 in which he gives much excellent advice to men of letters on their 

 conduct, their pursuits, and their style. This work went through 

 many editions in Italian, and has been translated into English, by 

 Thomas Salisbury, 8vo, London, 1668. 



Bartoli wrote treatises on feveral physical phenomena on sound 

 nnd hearing, ' Del Suono, de' Tremori armonici, e dell' Udito," 4to, 

 Roma, 1679 ; on ice, ' Del Ghiaccio, e della Coagulazione,' -1 to, Roma, 

 1681 ; on the depression and expansion of quicksilver in tubes, 'La 

 Tensione e la Pressione disputant! qual di loro sostenga 1'Argento 

 Vivo ne' Cannelli dopo fattone il vuoto,' 12mo, Venezia, 1679. 



Bartoli also wrote several works on the Italian language : ' II 

 Torto e il Diritto del non si, puo,' 12uio, Roma, 1655, a work much 

 esteemed; and 'Dell' Ortografia Italian;),' ibid. 1670. He contributed 

 also to Mambelli's work called 'Cinonio, Osservazioni sulla Lingua 

 Italiana," one of the best works on Italian grammar. An edition of 

 n.irtoli's minor works, including some of his sermons, was published 

 at Venice, 3 vola. 4to, 1716-17. A new edition of Bartoli's works was 

 a few years back brought out in Italy. 



Bartoli was appointed Rector of the Gregorian or Roman College 

 in 1671. He died at Rome. January 13, 1685, aged 77 years. 



(Mazznchelli, Scrittori (F Italia ; Tiraboschi, Sloria delta Letteratura 

 Itn/iana ; and Bartoli's work* above quoted.) 



BATVTOLI, PIETKO SANTO, an Italian painter and engraver, 

 born at Perugia in 1635. As an engraver he obtained a great repu- 

 tation, more however from the subjects and tho number of his prints 

 than for any particular excellence of execution. He was the scholar 

 of Nicholas Poussin, from whom he probably, in some degree, derived 

 his great love of the works of ancient art. As a painter he did very 

 little beyond copying, in which he was so excellent, that even Poussin 

 himself is said to have had difficulty in distinguishing between his 

 own pictures and the copies made of them by Bartoli. Bartoli had 

 a correct appreciation of the merits of Greek design, and though 

 technically his prints have little excellence, they are in most cases 

 true to their' originals. His prints, mostly etchings, which amount 

 to many hundred*, are chiefly from ancient basso-rilievi or paintings 

 in the ruins in or about Rome and other Italian cities. He was al.-o a 

 printseller, and established a business in Rome, which was continued 

 aft' r his death by his eon Francesco Bartoli. P. S. Bartoli died 

 in 1700. 



Winckelmann was a great admirer of the works of Bartoli, and 

 recommends young artists to study them in order to acouire a proper 

 appreciation of ancient art. They are free, but slightly executed, and 

 all in the same style. The following are among the principal col- 

 lections executed by Battoli : ' Admiranda Romanarum Antiquita- 

 tnm ac Veterin Sculpturio Vestigia,' with remarks by Bellori ; ' Romance 

 Jlagnitudinis Monumenta ; ' ' Veteres Arcus Augustorum triumphis 

 insignes, ex reliquiia qua: Roma: adhuc supersunt;' 'Le Fitture 

 Antiche delle Grotte di Roma e del Sepulchre de' Nasoni;' 'Gli Antichi 

 Sepolchri, ovvcro MaiiFolei Roman! ed Etruschi, trovati in Roma;' 

 and 'Recueil de Peintures Antiques imitdes fidelement, pour les 

 couleurs et pour les traits, d'aprcs les deesins colori^s fails par P. S. 

 Bartoli,' Paris, 33 pi. folio, 1767. Of the last work thirty copies only 

 were published of the first edition : a second but inferior edition was 

 published in 1787, with a few additional plates. 



(Pascoli, Vile d*' Pittori, <tc. Moderni ; Lanzi, Storto Pitlorica, &c. ; 

 ii, I>irtir,nnaire del Arlatet, &c.) 



KAliTOLOMEO, FRA. [BACCIO, DELLA POBTA.] 



IlKXI. CIV. VOL. I. 



BARTOLOZZI, FRANCESCO. This distinguished engraver was 

 born in Florence in 1730, or according to some authorities in 1725. 

 He received his first instructions in drawing under Gaetano Biagio 

 and Ignazio Hugford, in the Florentine academy. Here his acquaint- 

 ance commenced with Giovanni Cipriani, with whom his name became 

 afterwards intimately associated by their joint productions in art. 

 Bartolozzi commenced engraving under Joseph Wagner, of Venice, 

 and when the tern of his engagement with that master had expired, 

 he married a Venetian lady, and went to Rome, whither he had been 

 invited by Cardinal Bottari. Here ha produced his fine plates from 

 the life of St. Nilus, and a series of portraits for a new edition of 

 Vasari. Having completed these works he returned to Venice, where 

 he was engaged by Mr. Dalton, librarian to George III., to engrave a 

 set of drawings by Guercino, which having accomplished, he accepted 

 an invitation from Mr. Dalton to remove to England, anrl to continue 

 engraving for him on a stipend of 3001. per annum. The series of 

 platts from Guercino were completed in this country. Some of the 

 earliest performances of Bartolozzi in England were designs for tickets 

 for the Opera House. Bartolozzi then produced his engraving of 

 Clytie, after Annibale Carracci, aud that of the Virgin and Child, after 

 Carlo Dolce. These plates are well-known ; they arc in the highest 

 degree brilliant and spirited, and would alone have been sufficient to 

 establish the name of Bartolozzi as an engraver of the very highest 

 order. A style of dotted engraving printed in red ink was introduced 

 about this time, a bad and meretricious practice, the success of which 

 was in great measure attributable to the example of Bartolozzi. A 

 prodigious number of the paintings and drawings of Cipriani, who 

 had likewise settled in England, were engraved by Bartolozzi ; the 

 styles of the painter and engraver harmonise admirably ; grace, 

 elegance, aud suavity, are the characteristics of each, and their works 

 fora considerable time held almost unrivalled possession of the public 

 favour. Bartolozzi showed however tliat when engaged on the works 

 of more efficient masters he could transmit them to the copper with 

 adequate force and effect. Examples of this may be seen in the engrav- 

 ings of Prometheus devoured by the Vulture, after Michel Augelo ; 

 the Adulteress before. Christ, after Agostino Carracci ; Rebecca hiding 

 the Idols of her Father, after Pietro da Cortona ; St. Luke painting the 

 Portrait of the Virgin, after Cantarini ; and various others. One of 

 Bartolozzi's earliest patrons was Alderman Boydell, for whose Shaks- 

 pere Gallery he engraved a number of fine plates. Among his minor 

 works, his etchings in imitation of the great masters, and of the 

 Marlborough gems, are proofs of his versatile and exquisite taste. 



In the year 1802 Bartolozzi received an invitation from the Prince 

 Regent of Portugal to settle at Lisbon, as superintendent of a school 

 of engravers, with a salary of 100^. per annum, to which was annexed 

 a handsome residence and the profits of the engravings. Bartolozzi 

 left England in his seventy-fifth year, and was received at Lisbon with 

 all the respect due to his distinguished talents. He died in that 

 capital in his eighty-eighth year. His private character was in the 

 highest degree amiable, and it may be mentioned, among many other 

 instances of hia kind and generous disposition, that he finished gratuit- 

 ously a plate which had been commenced by Ryland, having been 

 requested to do so by that unhappy man when under sonteuce of death 

 for forgery. Several of Bartolozzi's pupils rose to eminence ; among 

 them, Cheesman, Sherwin, Tomkina, and the two Vendramini. 



BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH, was born in the year 1766 at 

 Lancaster, in Pennsylvania. His father was a respectable episcopal 

 clergyman, who divided his time between the duties of his sacred 

 office and the pursuit of natural history, especially of mineralogy ; 

 but he died when the subject of this notice was only fourteen years 

 old, leaving his children so ill-provided for, that the early part of his 

 son Benjamin's life was an incessant struggle with want and poverty. 

 In this struggle he, by indomitable perseverance, overcame the dif- 

 ficulties of his lot After gaining the essential parts of a learned 

 education under Dr. Andrews of Philadelphia, Mr. Barton prosecuted 

 his medical studies in the university of that city, where he distin- 

 guished himself BO much by his acquirements in science as to secure 

 the friendship of his uncle, Dr. Rittenhouse, who proved ever after 

 his father and supporter. In 1785 Mr. Barton accompanied his uncle 

 and the other American commissioners in fixing the western boundary 

 of Philadelphia. On this occasion he was led into some curious inves- 

 tigations concerning the manners of the American Indian?, their 

 history, and their traditional medicines, by which he gained consider- 

 able reputation. When about twenty-one, Mr. Barton proceeded to 

 Edinburgh, with a view to complete las medical education. He re- 

 mained there about two years, when, on account of some dissatisfac- 

 tion with two of the professors, who he fancied did not show him 

 sufficient attention, ho went to Gbttingen to graduate, although he 

 had distinguished himself at Edinburgh by gaining the Harveian prize 

 of the Royal Medical Society for his dissertation ou the medical quali- 

 ties of the henbane. Upon his return from Europe Dr. Barton 

 established himself in Philadelphia as a physician, and soon found 

 some practice. When only twenty-four he was appointed professor 

 of natural history and botany in the College of Philadelphia, and thu.s 

 was the earliest teacher of natural science in the transatlantic world, 

 an office the duties of which he continued zealously aud successfully 

 to discharge for twenty-six years. In 1802 Dr. Barton was elected 

 vice-president of the American Philosophical Society ; when thirty 



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