BARTON, BKRXARD. 



BARUCH. 



professor of materia medica; upon the death of Dr. Rush 

 a Kim in the chair of the practice of medicine, which he 



he 



be ssumsils'il him 



held till hi* deUi ; and in the yew 1809 he became president of the 

 Philadelphia Medical Society, the highest mark of renpect for profes- 

 sional talent which it was in tbe power of hu Mlow-citisen. to beatow. 

 In a abort time however hu incessant labours, and the heavy duties 

 of hk profeeeional avocations, told upon hu constitution. At last, 

 after vi*itituc Borope in a vain attempt to restore hit shattered powers, 

 he died in December 1815. 



The writings of Dr. Barton oonaiat chiefly of papers upon various 

 subjects relating to tbe natural history and antiquities of North 

 America, and an elementary work on botany, which passed through 

 two American edition. Dr. Barton was the first person to notice tbe 

 esuisjae. power of camphor when steeped in water to revive faded 

 flowers, showing it to be a vegetable stimulant of peculiar energy. 

 When his circumstances became easy, Dr. Barton afforded valuable 

 stance to those labourers in science who were lens favourably 

 situated. At his private charge the late Frederick Pursh was sent 

 V> the Allegheny Mountains and the western territory of the Southern 

 States for (he sake of exploring their vegetable productions ; on which 

 occasion be acquired the mot valuable part of the materials from 

 which he subsequently prepared his American ' Flora.' In 1810 Dr. 

 Barton enabled Mr. Nuttall to visit the northern and north-western 

 parts of the United States and the adjoining British territories with 

 a similar object in view : how largo an accession of discovery resulted 

 from this slso u well known from the worlu both of Pursh and of 

 Nuttall hinuelf. These two botanuts agreed to name one of the finest 

 of their discoveries ' Bartonia,' in honour of their patron. 



(Bicyrapkicai 8ktbA of Prvfeaor Marion, by his nephew, Dr. William 

 I '. i '. Barton.) 



BARTON, BERNARD, was born in London in 1784. HU parents 

 were members of the Society of Friend', and to the tenets of that sect 

 Bernard Barton always adhered. In 1806 he went to Woodbridge in 

 Suffolk ; and there in 1810 he entered as a clerk tbe banking house of 

 Messrs. Alexander, in whose employment he continued almost to his 

 death. Bernard Barton first churned public attention as a poet in 

 181), by the publication of a volume of ' Metrical Effusions.' This was 

 followed in 1820 by a volume of ' Poems,' and thenceforward as long 

 as be lived he continued to issue at interval* either brief occasional 

 pssnsr, or, though much more rarely, a poem of greater length and 

 loftier pretensions. 



Bernard Barton attracted an amount of attention and popularity 

 far beyond that to which his poetic merits would seem to have entitled 

 him. This was perhsps mainly owing to his presenting the then 

 nntmial phenomenon of a Quaker poet the title indeed by which he 

 eaine to be commonly known ; but it likewise no doubt was partly due 

 to tbe evidently unaffected tone of simple religious earnestness which 

 pervades all his writings. lie wrote with ease ; and like most easily 

 written poetry, bis verses are more characterised by fluency than power. 

 Bat though often diluted almost to feebleness, there is a vein of 

 natnral feeling and quiet unobtrusive benevolence running through his 

 leisai. which render them pi ei sing to all but the more critical class 

 of nJi n. Barton was a man of refined habits ; a lover of nature, 

 and food of paintings and other works of art to a degree then very 

 uncommon among members of his sect. His moral character was 

 blameless, and few men in his poaition of life won so wide and general 

 share of sstesm as did Bernard Barton. Some years before his death 

 be received, through tbe instrumentality of Sir Robert Peel, the grant 

 of a pension of lOOi. per annum. He died suddenly of spasm in the 

 heart, February 19, 1849. Besides the works noticed above, Barton 

 published Napoleon and Other Poems,' 1822; -Poetic Vigils,' 1824 

 'Devotional Verses,' 18M; ' Household Verses,' ' New Year's Eve,' and 

 occasional verses and pieces published separately, and in 

 , annuals &c. 



r, preflx-d to his Poems ; Gntlrmwi ItaganM, 1849.) 

 : TON, I.I.I/ U;I:TH. the ' holy maid of Kent.' Respecting the 

 early life of this woman we possess no information. She first becomes 

 known to us in 1 625, when, while a servant at an inn at Aldington 

 in Kent, she begin to acquire a local reputation for sanctity and 

 miraculous endowments. She was subject to fits of an epileptical 

 r, and, in the paroxysms of her disorder, vented her feelings in 

 mt phrases and exclamations, which one Richard Master, 

 I of AJdtafUo, took advantage of to make people believe that she 

 in hills Miiit of divine revelation. Master and Dr. Booking, a 

 of Canterbury, took her under their direction, and instructed 

 her in the tricks she should play. At fint it is probable that she was 

 simply their instrument, but she soon appears to have become a kind 

 of accomplice, though we cannot perhaps fairly consider her, in any 

 part c/ rCT career, as of perfectly sound wind. A successful prediction 

 Ut it. aid to the general delusion. A child of the master of the inn 



to be ifl, when Elisabeth was attacked by one of her fita. 

 it. she inquired whether the child was deadt She wan 

 t It was still living. " It will not live, I announce to you ; its 

 death b*s been revealed to me in a vision," was the answer. The 

 child died, awl Kl.xab.th was immediately regarded as one favoured 

 by Heave, with tbe gift of prophecy. She aeon after entered the 

 convent of 8C Sepulchre's at Canterbury, and became a nun. 



In thit new situation her eestacU. and revelations wtn multiplied, 



and she became generally known by the appellation of the ' holy maid 

 of Kent' Several persons of distinction, " nobles as well as spiritual 

 persons," to quote from the statute, believed in her divine mission. 

 Bishop Fisher, the most honest prelate of his time, and Archbishop 

 Warham, a learned and amiable man, countenanced her pretensions ; 

 and, above all, the strong intellect and upright heart of Sir Thomas 

 More did not secure him against the errors of his age. (See Cromwell's 

 letter to Fisher in tbe Appendix to Burnet Fisher's speech in defence 

 of himself in the aflair of the Maid of Kent is quoted at length in the 

 ' Parliamentary History,' vol. L p. 520, from Collier.) At a subsequent 

 time, shortly before his execution, More changed his tone, and declared 

 her, in his letter to Cromwell, to be "a lewd nun," acd a hypocrite. 



Had this poor creature confined her prophecies to the common 

 occurrences of life, or even to the current topics of religious contro- 

 versy, it is more than probable that she would have been permitted to 

 die in peace ; but, led by her zeal, or more probably worked upon by 

 others, she boldly prophesied against evil-doera in high places, and in 

 reference to the divorce from Catherine and marriage of the king with 

 Anne Boleyn, declared " that she had knowledge by revelation from 

 Heaven that God was highly displeased with our said sovereign lord, 

 and that if he proceeded in the said divorce and separation and married 

 again, he should no longer be king of this realm ; and that, in the 

 estimation of Almighty God, he should not be king one hour, and that 

 he should die a villain's death." She was at the time so popular, and 

 so extensively patronised by many of the clergy, and such pains were 

 taken on their part to diffuse her sentiments respecting the divorce, 

 that the government at length proceeded to take active measures 

 against her and her adherents. Accordingly, in November 1533, the 

 nun, with five priests and three lay gentlemen, her accomplices, were 

 brought before the Star Chamber and sentenced to do public penance 

 as impostors at St. Paul's Cross. It is stated by the more zealous 

 anti-Homish writers, that the nun did confess henelf to be an impostor, 

 and that she was tempted to claim inspiration at the instigation of 

 the devil : but it is much more probable that a false confession was 

 obtained from her with the hope of saving her life, than that a simple 

 woman should have contrived and carried on, for many years, a 

 system of complicated mental and physical imposture. But the nun's 

 confession, whatever were its motives, availed her nothing. From tho 

 pillory she and her companions were led back to prison, where they 

 lay till the following January, when they were attainted of high 

 treason. On the 21st April 1534, the nun was beheaded at Tyburn, 

 together with the five priests. 



BAKTSCH, ADAM VON, a distinguished designer and engraver, 

 was born at Vienna in 1757. He was educated in the School of 

 Engraving at Vienna under Professor Schmiitzer, and distinguished 

 himself in his sixteenth year by a set of engravings of all the gold and 

 silver medals struck by order of the Empress Maria Theresa, through 

 which ha obtained tho appointment of scriptor in tho royal library. 

 In 1781 he was appointed keeper of the prints of the royal collection, 

 which led eventually to the publication of his well-known work, ' Le 

 Peintre-Qraveur,' in 21 vols. 8vo, 1803-21, the description of tho 

 greater part of the works of tho principal engravers of Europe, and to 

 which he now chiefly owes his reputation. Ho is also the author of 

 several similar works on a smaller scale, but they are all more descrip- 

 tive than critical HU etchings are numerous, amounting to 505, dating 

 from 1782 until 1815, including imitations of old etchings and draw- 

 ings, prints from his own designs, and from the works of other masters : 

 of these a catalogue was published by his son in 1818. Bartsch com- 

 pletely re-arranged, and made considerable additions to, the immense 

 imperial collection of prints at Vienna. 



In 1812 Bartsoh was decorated with the order of Leopold, and in 

 1816 he was appointed principal Custos of the Imperial Library of 

 Vienna; he had also the titular rank of hofrath, or aulic-councillor. 

 He died at Vienna in 1821. 



Bartech was the author of the following works, among others, pub- 

 lished at Vienna : ' Catalogue Haisonnd des Deeseins Originaux dos 

 plus Grands Maltres Ancieus et Modcrnes, qni faisoient partie du 

 Cabinet do Prince Ch. de Ligue,' 1794; 'Catalogue raisomid des 

 Estampcs Qravocs a 1'Eau Forte par Uuido Heni et ceuz de ses dis- 

 ciples, 8. Catariui, Jean Andre, Elizabeth Sirani, et Laurent Loli,' 

 1795; 'Catalogue raisotuKS des Estampesi qui forment 1'lKuvre de 

 Rembrandt et oeux de oas principaux Imitatours, compose" par Gor- 

 saiut, Hello, (Homy, P. Yver,' uouv. c I.. 1 7:>T ; ' Catalogue raisonn<< de 

 toutea lea Estampoe qui forment HKuvre de Lucas de Leydc,' 1798. 

 Ho published also in 17'.'7 an edition of the ' Triumph of the Ernpcror 

 Maximilian I.,' with a French translation of the old Gorman text, ' Lo 

 Triomphc de 1'Kmpercur Maximilien I., on une Suite do Cent Trcnte- 

 cinqiie Planches,' Ac. 



BARUCH. Among the various individuals called by the name of 

 Barach, the most important wax Barucb, the scribe and assistant of 

 the prophet Jeremiah. The warnings, denunciations, and prophecies 

 of Jeremiah were continued during tho reigns of Josiah, Jehol 

 Jehoiachia, and Zodekiab, kings of Judali. In the fourth year of the 

 reign of Johoiakim, about B.C. 607, while Jeremiah was closely confined, 

 be received a divine command to cause all the prophecies which he had 

 uttered to be written in a roll. He accordingly u 

 the scribe, who wrote from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words 

 former denunciation!. liaruch afterwards read the roll before the 



