BELL, THOMAS. 



BELLARMIN, CARDINAL. 



630 



set out on a journey to London. He reached the seat of Mrs. Holland, 

 of Hallow Park, on the 27th of April, where he died on the night of 

 his arrival. Hi death wag not altogether unexpected. He had recently 

 suffered much from angina pectorii, a disease of some standing in hU 

 case. It was aggravated, there is every reason to believe, by disap- 

 pointment!) consequent on his settlement in Edinburgh; and also by 

 anxieties connected with the New Medical Reform Bill, much of which 

 he believed to be at variance with the interests of that profession and 

 science to which he was so strongly attached. 



*BELL, THOMAS, an eminent naturalist, was born on the llth of 

 October, 1792, at Poole, Dorsetshire, in which town his father had a 

 large practice as a surgeon for more than fifty years. His mother 

 came of a good family, named Gosse, resident in Hampshire. To her 

 entirely he owed his elementary education, and his early love of natural 

 history, she herself being warmly attached to that interesting science. 

 He fir-t went to school in his native town, and afterwards at Shaftes- 

 bury, where he remained until entering on his professional studies with 

 his father. In 1314 he became a student at Guy's Hospital, and was 

 admitted a member of the College of Surgeons, and of the Linnsean 

 Society in the following year. In 1817 he commenced a course of 

 professional lectures at Guy's, which he has continued without inter- 

 ruption to the present time. Some years later he, for the first time 

 in London, taught comparative anatomy as a separate subject to a 

 class which he formed in the same school. 



In 1825 Mr. Bell joined with Sowerby, Children, and Vigors, in 

 establishing the ' Zoological Journal,' of which five volumes were pub- 

 lished, with a beneficial effect on the advancement of zoological science 

 in this country ; and conjointly with Kirby, M'Leay, and other zoolo- 

 gists, he originate.', the zoological club of the Linnaean Society, which 

 met at the society's rooms on the Tuesday evenings not occupied by 

 the ordinary meetings. This club was afterwards merged in the 

 scientific department of the Zoological Society, though not without 

 detriment to the zoological phase of the Linnasan Society. 



Mr. Bell was one of the earliest fellows of the Geological and Zoolo- 

 gical societies, and sat in the council of the latter for eleven years, the 

 greater part of the time as vice-president. In 1836 he was appointed 

 Professor of Zoology in King's College, London, when he ceased his 

 lectures on comparative anatomy at Guy's. In 1827 he communicated 

 a paper to the ' Philosophical Transactions ' ' On the Structure and 

 Use of the Subtnaxillary Odoriferous Gland in the genus Crocodilus,' 

 in which, among the facts of the structure, he suggested a use for the 

 gland, namely, that its secretion, being odoriferous, had the effect of 

 attracting within reach of the animal's jaws the fish that became its 

 prey. In 1828 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society; was 

 chosen on the council in 1839-41, and again in 1847. In the following 

 year he was elected secretary of the society, and held the office till 

 his election as president of the Linnaean Society in 1853. This honour- 

 able post he still retains. Ho was elected an honorary Fellow of tbe 

 College of Surgeons in 1844, and has been president of the Ray Society 

 from its establishment. 



As an author, Mr. Bell has added largely to the literature of his 

 favourite science. Many valuable papers from his pen are to be found 

 in the 'ZoologicalJournal,'and in the 'Transactions' and 'Proceedings' 

 of the Zoological, Geological, and Linnaean societies. Of his other 

 works the most important are ' History of British Quadrupeds,' 8vo, 

 1836; 'Monograph of the Testudinata,' folio, 1833; 'A History of 

 British Reptiles,' 8vo, 1829; 'Reptiles 'In the Zoology of Darwin's 

 Voyage of the Beagle; 'A History of the British Stalk-Eyed Crustacea,' 

 8vo, 1853. 



BELLA, STE'FANO DELLA, a celebrated Italian engraver, was 

 born at Florence in 1610. He worked until his thirteenth year in the 

 shop of Ornzio Vanni, a goldsmith, when his own inclination, and 

 some instruction be received in painting from his master's son, Gio. 

 Battista Vanni, and in engraving from Cantagallina, induced him to 

 give up the intention of following the business of a goldsmith, and 

 to follow the arts. He accordingly applied himself to painting 

 under Ccsare Dandini, but he eventually adopted etching aa his 

 profession. 



Some of Delia Bella's works having attracted the notice of Lorenzo 

 de' Medici, the brother of the Grand Duke Cosmo II., that prince sent 

 him to complete his studies in Home, where he remained three years, 

 and etched many views of that city. After his return from Rome he 

 went in the suite of the Tuscan ambassador to Paris, where he remained 

 eleven years, and executed there many of his best etchings, by which he 

 obtained a great reputation. His subjects are battles, sieges, animals, 

 sea-pieces, landscapes, and ornaments. They are executed with freedom, 

 with great delicacy, and are also well drawn, and he had a fertile and 

 happy invention. Cardinal Mazarin wished to retain him at Paris, and 

 offered him the situation of drawing-master to Louis XIV., then a 

 child. But he returned to Florence about 16-17, and became drawing- 

 master to the Prince Cosmo, afterwards Grand-Duke Cosmo III., a 

 post which be held nntil his death in 1664. He was one of the best 

 masters of the etching-needle, and executed about 1500 different works; 

 and though he did so much, what he did was done well. Before his 

 death he grew melancholy : his lat works were six etchings of the 

 Havoc of Death, which however he did not quite complete. There is 

 a portrait by Delia Bella in the Pitti palace of the Grand-Duke 

 Cosmo III. His own portrait by Stocade has been engraved by Hollar. 



One of his most valued etchings is a large view of Pont-Neuf, Paris' 

 which, as originally issued in 1646, is very scarce. 



(Gandellini, Nutizie Istoriche degl' Intagliatori, &o. ; Heineken, Die- 

 tionnaire de Artiste, &c. ; Huber, Manuel de* Amateurs, &c.) 



BELLAMY, MRS. GEORGE ANN, an actress of some celebrity. 

 Her mother, whose name was Scale, after having been the mistress of 

 Lord Tyrawley, married Captain Bellamy, and a lew months after her 

 marriage gave birth, on St. George's Day 1733, to the subject of this 

 article : this unexpected occurrence occasioned Captain Bellamy imme- 

 diately to separate from her. The daughter was educated in a convent 

 at Boulogne till she was eleven years of age, when she returned to 

 England. Rich, the manager of Covent Garden Theatre, ovei-hearing 

 her reciting the part of Othello to hia children, was struck by her 

 voice, and brought her out at the age of fourteen in the part of 

 Monimia in the tragedy of ' The Orphan.' As an actress she drew the 

 attention of the town for some seasons, particularly when she played 

 Juliet with Mr. Garrick at Drury Lane, against Mrs. Gibber with Barry 

 at Covent Garden. Her life, a memoir of which she wrote and pub- 

 lished in 6 vols. 12mo, was a series of misfortunes and errors. She 

 died February 15th 1788 at Edinburgh, in great distress, aged 55. 



BELLAMY, JAMES, was born at Flushing of poor parents in 1757. 

 As a boy he showed a great inclination for a military life, but being 

 the only son of his mother, she put him to the trade of a baker, which 

 he was still following, when in the year 1772 the second secular festival 

 in commemoration of the foundation of the republic was celebrated 

 throughout Holland. This event suddenly made him a poet. His 

 first verses were effusions of patriotic feelings and love for his native 

 country. Some wealthy citizens of Flushing were so much pleased 

 with these first productions of the young poet that, to encourage his 

 talent, they resolved to send him at their own expense to a university. 

 Accordingly, after the necessary preparation for academical lectures, 

 he went to Utrecht, with the intention of studying divinity. These 

 studies however he soon left for the more congenial pursuits of poetry 

 and general literature. A society of students, among whom Kleyn 

 and Rau afterwards distinguished themselves, the first as a jurisconsult, 

 the second as an orientalist, was then formed at the university, which 

 had for its object the cultivation and improvement of the Dutch 

 language and poetry after the German model : at the head of this 

 society stood our poet. It was at Utrecht also, in the year 1785, when 

 his country was involved in war, that our poet published his ' Vader- 

 landsche Gezangen ' (patriotic poems), which bear high testimony to 

 his ardent imagination, superior taste, and facility in poetical compo- 

 sition. Previous to the year 1785 he had already published several 

 pieces of merit, sufficient to induce the Society of Arts at the Hague 

 to insert them in their collections. He also wrote a series of amatory 

 poems, entitled ' Gezangen uiyner Jeugd ' (' Songs of my Youth '). 

 Although Bellamy died before his genius had reached its maturity, 

 he still must be ranked among the first poets of his nation, and the 

 restorers of modern Dutch poetry. A preseutiment, which he had of 

 his approaching death, seems to account for a morbid sentimentality 

 which his latter works betray. He died in 1786, at the age of 28. A 

 short account of his life, together with two of his speeches, has been 

 published by G. Kniper. 



BELLARMIN, ROBERT, CARDINAL, was born at Monte Pul- 

 ciano in Tuscany, in the year 1542. He entered the order of Jesuits 

 in 1560 ; was ordained priest at Ghent by the celebrated Jansenius in 

 1569 ; and elected Professor of Theology at the University of Louvain 

 in the year after. Having filled this chair for seven years with increas- 

 ing celebrity, he returned to Home in 1576, where he gave lectures on 

 controversial theology. The Jesuits were at the time the great defend- 

 ers of the church of Rome against the doctrines of Luther and the 

 Protestants; and to their learning, ability, zeal, and worldly wisdom 

 that church was mainly indebted for its vigorous stand against the 

 assaults of the divines of the Reformation. In 1590 Bellarmin, who 

 had, says Bayle, " the best pen for controversy of any man of his age," 

 accompanied the pope's legate into France, for the purpose of affording 

 the papal cause the aid of a master of the controversial points of 

 divinity. In 1599 he was made a cardinal. Three years afterwards 

 he was created archbishop of Capua, which see he quitted in 1005 for 

 Rome, where he resided till his death in 1621, an active member of 

 the court of the Vatican. 



The controversial works of Bellarmin are very numerous, filling 

 three large folio volumes. Of their merits, and of the merits, intel- 

 lectual and moral, of their author, a very favourable opinion has been 

 given by the learned and candid Moshcim. A much less favourable 

 opinion was expressed by Scaliger in a criticism which has called 

 down the just animadversions of Bayle (note L. art. Bellarmine), who 

 cannot well be suspected of auy bias in favour of the Jesuit. Scaliger 

 had ventured to assert that Bellarmin did not believe a word of what 

 he wrote, and that he was at heart an atheist; but, besides the strong 

 testimony of his life and death-bed to the contrary, such judg- 

 ments are, as Bayle well remarks, a usurpation of the rights of Him 

 who alone is the judge of hearts, and before whom there is no 

 dissembling. 



Besides the controversial works to which wo have alluded, tho 

 Cologne edition, 1617, of Bellarmin's works contains three folio 

 volumes of other works, in addition to a volume of Sermons and 

 letters. 



