BKRUY. DIVHKSSE DB. 



BERBYER, A.NTOINE PIERRE. 



whom b* accompanied on hi* travels in 1 768. The principal event of 

 hi* ministry we* UM accommodation of the difference* between Den- 

 mark and Rutsia on the *ul>j< rt of lluUtein-Uotlorp- In 1 "62 wllr 

 was threatenn>y Peter ML of Kusaia, but hu death luring averted 

 UM immediate danger. treaty wu negociated by Bernitorf, which 

 wm* finally concluded in 1778, by which KumU resigned all pret.-nni.in* 

 to Houtem. uid received in exchange Oldenburg. It wa* by Bern- 

 storf a advice that Frederic V. purchased the property of the Danish 

 Wet* India Company, aod opened toe tnde in 1 754. The main object 

 of Ua policy waa the preservation of peace, in conjunction with which 

 he directed all hi* efforts to the promotion of commerce and manu- 

 factore*. and the encouragement of literature. He bean th character 

 at an able and upright minuter, and hu exertions for the abolition of 

 fcoilil slavery reflect the highest honour both on bis wisdom and 



ouse a antes were se wu secrete, 

 only MUM fret and a half long by eighteen i 

 during the sixteen hours she had bee*,, sh 

 dreaa bad been burned. She was confined 



I aw Slaiulttt der Ihmitckt* Staatn, vol. iii.) 

 BEKKY. CAROUNKKKHDINANDE LOUISE, DDCHBSSE 

 DE, the daughter of Ferdinand I., king of Naples and Sicily, waa born 

 at NapUa November 5, 1708. She waa married to the Duke de Berry 

 (the second son of Charles X.), on the 17th of June, 1816. Her youth, 

 her beauty, her southern temperament, re-animated the court, to 

 which the grave and austere virtues of the Duchess of Angouleme 

 had given a tone of gravity not popular in France. The Dnchesse de 

 Berry cultivated and patronised the art*, and devoted herself to the 

 gaieties of the gay capital Her present seemed all joy her future 

 all happiMM. She had indeed by 1820 lost two children, but she hod 

 on* daughter stilt The Duke of Orleans, the elder brother of her 

 husband, was dead ; a throne was in immediate prospect. On Sunday, 

 the 18th of February, on quitting the opera, her husband, while 

 handiag her to the carriage, waa (truck by the poniard of an 

 aaaaasin, and fell mortally wounded. On September 29, 1820, she 

 mve birth to a son, who received at his birth the title of Duo de 

 ax. During the three days of July 1630 the duchess displayed 

 able courage and force of character ; she desired to oppose 

 the revolutionist* by force, and offered to place herself in the midst of 

 the troops, with her young son, to lead them on. She then accompa- 

 nied Charles X. in bis retreat at Ilolyrood. The legitimist party were 

 however active in France in favour of Henry V., as the Due de 

 Bordeaux waa now named, and to support his claims organised plans 

 for an insurrection in France. At length the duchess left Massa in 

 Italy, whither she bad accompanied her son, partly to be more uncon- 

 trolled in her projects, which were not approved of by Charles X. and 

 the other members of his family, and landed on the night of August 

 28, 1838, a few leagues from Marseille. A movement was there 

 attempted in her favour, but failed, and she hastened to La Vendee. 

 She found friends in Britteny : they armed, and a civil war commenced. 

 She waa however betrayed by a converted Jew, who discovered the 

 bouse _ at Nantes where she wu secreted, in a hole behind a stove, 



ghteen inches broad, and in which 

 , shut up, her hands and her 

 ed in the castle of Blaye, but 

 shortly afterwards the announced to the government of France that 

 one had re-married. She wu released in June 1833, and repaired 

 with her husband, a ton of the Prince of Lucchesi-Palli, to Sicily, 

 in wl.ich retreat she still remains. 



<AWU JNooropAw UmrentUe; Oonrertatiotu- Lexicon ; O. Long, 

 Frame* and Hi Anwhtfioiu.) 



BKHRY. CHARLES FERDINAND D'ARTOIS, DUG DE. 

 (CaUBLB X.1 



BEKRY, JEAN, DUG DE, Count da Poitou, Macon, Auvcrgne, 

 aod Boulogne, the third eon of John II., king of France, was born 

 November SO. 1340. In 1856 he fought valiantly with his father at 

 the battle of Poitiers, and was afterwords one of the hostages given to 

 England by the treaty of Bretigny in 1860. He visited bis domains 

 oo more Una on* occasion, and on the death of King John he ulti- 

 mately recovered his freedom in 1367. In 1381 the Due de Berry 

 assisted at the coronation of Charles VI., who, unfortunately for his 

 country, re appointed him governor of Languedoc. He had been 

 appointed first in 18(9, but bad behaved so tyrannically that he had 

 been removed. He now redoubled hia oppressions, and in 1884 broke 

 out the bloody revolt of the Jacquerie. The horde* were crushed b 

 ' and the discontenU suffocated in blood. Charles VI 

 jated the oauaaa of this insurrection, some of the 

 of the muffovtrnment were punished, and the duke wu for a 

 time deprived of hia office. In 1407, u uncle to the dukea of Orleans 

 ad Burgundy, he endeavoured Ineffectually to reconcile those ambitious 

 princes; but on the aaamaamation of the Duo de Orleans, ha joined 

 the party called Armagnac* agaimt that of the Burgundiana. He sub- 

 aeieotly endeavour*! to dUeuade Henry V. from invading France, 

 ending the arcbbuhop of Bourgea for that purpose. Previous to the 

 battle of Agiooourt be opposed bimwlf to the plan of the French 

 beginning the contest, remembering Poitiers, and advised delay. On 

 Joe 15, 1416, be died in his Hotel de Ne*le at Paris. 



Due de limy has left a memory redeemed from general 

 "MOB by his patronage of leaning and the arta. At Bourgea, at 

 **, and at other places he erected or adorned some of the finest 

 lei In hi* hotel* at Paris he formed a collection of 

 > waa the germ of the most important collection now 



rate 

 time de 



possessed by Fronor, and which even now offers to the antiquarian an 

 inexhaustible source of riches. 



HKKKYKK, ANTOINE PIERRE, is the eldest son of Pierre 

 Nicolas, a celebrated French pleader and parliamentary advocate, who 

 died in 1841. Antoine was born in Paris January 4, 171*0. He was 

 aent at an early age to the college of Juilly, where be by no means 

 distinguished himself as a student On leaving the college he evinced 

 a strong desire to enter into holy orders, bnt his father opposed his 

 wishes, and prevailed upon him to study for the bar. He accordingly 

 went through the law course, acquainted himself with the practice by 

 attendance for some mouths at an attorney's office, and made his debut 

 at the bar at the age of twenty-one. In 181 J the young counsellor, 

 who inherited legitimism from bis father, entered himself as a poyali-t 

 volunteer, and repaired to Qhent. After the return of the Bourlna 

 however, believing that the restoration could never be reudured secure 

 but by moderation and by mercy, he hesitated not to undertake the 

 defence of those generals who had followed Honaparte to Waterloo. He 

 was associated with his father, and 1C Dupiu the elder, in the defence 

 of Ney. Some days after he defended alone generals Debelle aud 

 Cambronne. For the last he obtained an acquittal, after one of his 

 moat eloquent addresses; Oeneral Debelle was found guilty, but Berry er 

 threw himself at the feet of the king, and obtained his pardon : for Key 

 he could effect nothing. In his pleading for Cambronne however he 

 had ventured to assert that " it was the duty of a general to obey the 

 government de facto, aud the man to whom the treaty of Foutainebleau 

 had preserved the title and rights of a sovereign." For these sentiments 

 he was cited before the Council of Advocates by the procureur-gi'ur'ra], 

 who asked only for a simple warning, which was pronounced. 



This did not prevent M. Berryer's independent course. In 1816 be 

 scrupled not to attack violently the measures of the minister of police, 

 at that time M. Decaces, whom he accused of having been the true 

 cause of the insurrections at Lyon and Grenoble, He was also a 

 consistent supporter of the liberty of the press, and gave his aid as a 

 barrister to journalists of all parties. He also defended the proscribed 

 exiles of 1815, aud was engaged in the processes against the banker* 

 Sdquin and Ouvrard. Indeed at this period of his life his professional 

 business appears to have been immense. 



One of the founders of the SociiSuS des Bonnes Lettres, he prepared 

 himself in some degree for the parliamentary career he had resolved 

 to enter upon by delivering a course of political lectures, which were 

 remarkably well attended. Having attained the required age, in 1830 

 he was returned by a largo majority by the electoral college of Puy, 

 in the department of Haute-Loire, HU lirat display was an attempt to 

 convince the chamber that the monarch was not compelled to choose 

 liia ministry from the ranks of the majority, when a majority bad voted 

 against Pplignac, who would not resign. The display was brilliant, 

 but in vain. Charles X. acted as though he had been convinced by the 

 orator, but the revolution of July triumphed alike over the reasoning 

 of the lawyer and the obstinacy of the monarch. 



After this event the royalist party loft the two chambers in a mass. 

 M. Berryer alone intrepidly undertook to remain there as the champion 

 of the fallen cause. He took up a position between the majority the 

 adherents of the Orleans government and the opposition party, com- 

 posed of many shades of opinion. He allied himself with neither; he 

 carefully watched both; exposing their errors or giving them the 

 benefit of his advice. Thus on August 7 he denied the right of the 

 chamber to give a new constitution to France ; but being defeated on 

 this point, he took an active part in the revision of the charter of 1814, 

 and always in favour of the enlargement of political rights. He also 

 supported at later periods the right of an appeal to a jury in coses of 

 offence by the press; the reduction of the tax upon newspapers; the 

 extension of municipal franchises ; and the election of the moires by 

 the electors of the various communes. When Casimir-Pericr in 1881 

 was urging his restrictive laws against the press on the ground of 

 supporting good order, M. Berryer exclaimed, " You have sapped the 

 base of order you have unchained anarchy; principles overpower 

 you ; you must submit to the consequences." In 1881 also he defended 

 the hereditary rights of the pet-rage in conjunction with Tuiers, Guizot, 

 Roger-Collard, and others. The abolition was however carried by a 

 large majority. 



\Vi,..n the Duchease de Berry landed in France in 1832 M. de Berryer, 

 as the organ of the legitimate in Paris, quitted his parliamentary 

 labours, and arrived in the neighbourhood of the gallant woman ou 

 Hoy 22nd. His efforts to dissuade her from an appeal to arms having 

 failed, he resolved to quit France for a time. At Angoulfme, on his 

 way to Switzerland, he wu arrested, conveyed back to Nantes, and 

 placed in prison. La Vendee was then under military law, and Berryer 

 was to have been tried by a court-martial on Juno 4, when a decree of 

 the Court of Cassation arrived, remitting to the civil tribunals the trials 

 of the insurgents. Cited before the Court of Assise at Bloise, Berryer 

 was at once acquitted. 



In 1838 Berryrr made an appeal from the tribune in favour of the 

 enlargement of the Duchesie de Berry ; iu the same year he success- 

 fully defended Chateaubriand before the Court of Assise of the Seine ; 

 and also several journals which had written in favour of the claims of 

 Henry V. In 1834 the government, having demanded permission of 

 the chamber to prosecute two of its members for libel, Berryer defended 

 hi* two associates, claiming their immunity aa one of the consequences 



