BKTTINBLLI, SAVERIO. 



BEWICK, THOMAS. 



kin to walk on the state with on* foot in Upper ; but the violence 

 of the remedy drove the distemper into hit head, which a few days 

 afterwards terminated hit existeno* in the seventy-fifth year of his 

 SM He was buried on Tuesday, May 2nd. 1710, in the cloisters of 

 Westminster, " with much oremony," according to the ' Tatler ' for 

 Thursday, May 4th (No. 167). Betterton wa> the greatest actor of 

 his tim'. and bis personal character was excellent He enjoyed the 

 nre felicity of being lauded by Drydeu, Kowe, and Pope, as well on 

 account of hi> character as his abilities. Pope painted his portrait in 

 oil. and the picture is said to be still preserved at the Earl of Mans- 

 field's, Caen Wood. 



Mr. Betterton wrote and altered several dramatic pieces, but none 

 of them have kept possession of the stage. Queen Anne settled a 

 pension upon his widow, who survived hint only a year and a halt 



HETT1XKI.I.I. SAVERIO, was born at Mantua in 1718, and studied 

 at Bologna, when he entered the order of the Jesuits in 1780. He 

 was afterwards sent to Brescia, and there became acquainted with 

 Maxxuchelli, Duranti, Cardinal Quirini, and other learned men, whose 

 conversation encouraged him in his literary pursuits. In 1744 he 

 returned to Bologna, in 1748 he went to Venice, and in 1751 to Parma, 

 where be was director of the studies in the college of the nobility. In 

 1765 he travellid through part of Germany as tutor to the two sons of 

 Prince Hobenlohe. Towards the end of 1757 he accompanied the 

 {Ilium of Parma to Paris; he afterwards visited Normandy, and then 

 went to the court of King Stanislaus at Nancy, who wa> a patron of 

 literary men, and who charged Bettinelli with a commission for Voltaire, 

 relative to half a million of francs which Voltaire intended to employ 

 in Lorraine. Voltaire received Bettiuelli with great kindness, and 

 afterwards occasionally corresponded with him. Bettinelli returned to 

 Parma in 1759. In the same year he went to Verona, where he stayed 

 about eight years, and there wrote his ' Risorgimento d'ltalia negli 

 Studj, nrlle Arti o nci Costnmi dopo il Mille,' which he published in 

 1773, jit afu-r tlio supprrssion of the order of Jemiit*. On his return 

 to his native Mantua, he published, in 1780, an edition of his various 

 works in eight vols. Svo. In 1796 the French invasion drove Bettinelli 

 away from Mantua, and he took refuge at Verona, where he became 

 acquainted with Ippolito Pindemonte. Bettinelli returned to Mantua 

 after that place had surrendered to the French, and resumed his 

 literary occupations, notwithstanding his advanced age of fourscore. 

 Bonaparte made Bettinelli a knight of the Iron Crown, and a member 

 of the National Institute. Bettinelli died at Mantua in September, 

 1808, being past ninety years of age. His life is chiefly remarkable 

 on account of bis having been intimate with several successive genera- 

 tions of learned men, and his forming a connecting link between the 

 Italian literature of the 18th and 19th centuries. 



Brttinelli's ' Risorgimento ' is the only work by which hia literary 

 reputation is now sustained. In the first part of the work he gives a 

 minute and interesting account of the gradual progress of literature 

 and science in Italy, from the darkness of the 9th to the brilliancy of 

 the 14th century, thus carrying the reader towards the age of the 

 Medici, which constitutes a second and distinct epoch. In the second 

 part of his work he treats of the fine arts, of the progress of industry, 

 of commerce, of wealth, and of manners and habits during the same 

 period. The ' Ilisontimento ' was reprinted at Milan in four vols. 12mo, 

 1819-20. Among Bettinellfs other works we may mention ' L'Kntu- 

 sissoio;' 'Letters Virgiliane,' in which the author shows a great 

 deficiency of taste and critical judgment, accompanied by much flip- 

 pancy and dogmatism. In a reply to Oasparo Ooui, who vindicated 

 Dante's fame, Bettinelli persisted in his depreciation of the great poet, 

 whom b absurdly placed below Bembo and Delia Cans in poetical rank. 



BEVERIDOE, WILLIAM, was bora at Barrow, in the county of 

 Lsiessiir, in the year 1638. He was admitted of St. John's College, 

 Cambridge, In 1653; and during bis residence there was remarkablo 

 far close attention to his studio., for his piety, and the general regularity 

 of hit conduct So assiduous was his application, and more especially 

 in the learning of the Oriental languages, that he published at the 

 early age of twenty a treatise in Latin, ' De Linguarum Oricntalium, 

 pnssertioi Hebraic*, Chaldalm, Syriacsa, Arabic**, et Samaritacv, 

 prsMtentia si usu. cum Orammatici Syriaca, tribus libris traditA,' a 

 work held in great esteem. He took bis degree of Bachelor of Arts in 

 UM, end that of Master of Arts in 1660, in which latter year he was 

 ordained both deacon and priest Soon after he was presented by 



. bishop of London, to the vicarage of Baling in Middlesex, 

 where he wrote his work on chronology. This treatise is considered 

 to be a useful introduction to that study; it was published In 1669, 

 and entitled ' Institutionum Chronologicarum libri duo, una cum 

 totidstn Arithmetics. Cbronologicaj libellis,' In 1672 he was elected by 

 the lord msyor and aldermen of London to the rectory of St Peter, 

 Cornhill, on which occasion he resigned the vicarage of Haling; and 

 in the tame year be published in two volumes folio his learned and 

 laborious work, ' Xwttuwr, art Pandects* Canonum S3. Apostolorum 

 et Coocilionim ab KcclesU Gnsca receptorum ; nee non Canonioiruin 

 8H. Pstrum Epistolarum,' Ac. : a collection of the various canons 

 issued from thoee attributed to the apostles to those of the Synod of 

 Constantinople, which restored Pholius, with various canonical letters; 

 the whole being elucidated by copious and very learned notes. 



I his new parochial charge his earnestness and diligence wen so 

 constant, and Us labours in the servio) of tho church so unwearied yet 



prudent, that he obtained the appellation of ' the great restorer and 

 reviver of primitive piety,' and his parish was referred to as a model 

 of Christian regularity aud order. It is delightful to contemplate such 

 a character in any instance, but in this it is the more remarkable and 

 the more worthy of admiration when we look to the nature and course 

 of his studies. The favourable notice of his diocesan, Dr. Henchman, 

 was exemplified in his collation by that prelate in 1674 to the prebend 

 of Cbiswick, in the cathedral of St Paul's; and in 1681 he received a 

 further mark of approbation and confidence in his collation by Bishop 

 Compton, the successor of Henchman, to the archdeaconry of Col- 

 chestor. In 1684 he became prebendary of Canterbury, and at the 

 revolution was nominated chaplain to King William aud Queen Mary. 

 On the deprivation of Bishop Kenn. who had refused to take the new 

 oaths, the bishopric of Bath and Wells was offered to him, which 

 however he declined; and it was not till July 1704 that he attained 

 episcopal rank as Bishop of St Asaph on the translation of Dr. Hooper 

 to Bath and Wells. As in every station he had hitherto filled the 

 performance of his duty was hia main object, so in this he manifested 

 the same activity and the same earnestness ; it seemed to be the aim 

 of his endeavours to make others what himself had been. Immediately 

 on his promotion he addressed a ' Pastoral Latter to his Clergy,' pressing 

 upon them the important duty of catochUiug ; and the more to enforce 

 his recommendation, he at the same time printed his ' Church Cate- 

 chism Explained;' a useful tract as the many repriuts of it testify. 

 This excellent man possessed his episcopal see not quite four yean, 

 dying on the 5th of March 1708, in the seventy-first year of his age. 

 He died at Westminster in the cloisters of the abbey, aud was buried 

 in St Paul's cathedral. The larger portion of bis property he bequeathed 

 to the uses of the two societies for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 

 and for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. The works already 

 described do not comprehend the whole of the publi-h,- 1 writings of 

 the bishop, but they are all which were published in his lifetime. A 

 number of posthumous works, including his well-known and often- 

 reprinted ' Private Thoughts upon Religion,' ' Private Thoughts upon 

 a Christian's Life,' ' Meditations,' and ' .Sermons,' were published after- 

 wards ; and the whole, with the life of BUhop Beveridge and copious 

 indexes, were published in 1824, in 9 vols. 8vo, by the Rev. Thomas 

 Hartwell Home. 



BEVERLEY, JOHN DE, a celebrated English ecclesiastic of the 

 7th aud 8th centuries. Fuller remarks, in recording the history of 

 Yorkshire worthies, that St John of Beverley may be claimed by this 

 county on a three-fold title : because he was born at Hurpham in the 

 county ; because he was upwards of thirty-three years archbishop of 

 York ; and because he died at Beverley, in thin county, in a college of 

 hU own foundation. He was one of tho first scholars of his age, having 

 been instructed in the learned languages by Theodore, archbishop of 

 Canterbury, and he was himself tutor of the venerable Bede. The 

 following works are attributed to him : 1, ' Pro Luca Exponendo,' 

 an essay towards an exposition of St. Luke, addressed to Bede; 2, 

 'Homiliic in Evangelia;' 3, 'Epistolm ad Herebaldum, Andcnum, et 

 Bertinum;' 4, 'Epistoho ad Holdam Abbatissam.' He was advanced 

 to the see of Haguetold, or Hexhain, by Alfred, king of Northumber- 

 land ; and on the death of Rosa, archbishop of York, in CS7, ho was 

 translated to the vacant see. In 704 he founded a college at Beverley 

 for secular priests. In 717 ho retired from his arohlepisoopal functions 

 to Boverley, where he died, May 7th, 721. Three or four centuries 

 after his decease his body was exhumed by order of Alfric, archbishop 

 of York, and placed in a richly-adorned shrine. When Willum the 

 Conqueror ravaged tho north with a numerous army, ho gave orders 

 that the town of Beverley should be spared ; and a synod, which was 

 held at London in 1416, directed the anniversary of his death to be 

 commemorated among the festivals of the church. Fuller says, in hi* 

 account of John of Beverley, which was published in IGCO, that his 

 picture was to be seen in a window at the library at Salisbury, with 

 an inscription under it, " whose character may challenge three hir 

 years of antiquity, affirming him the first Master of Arts in Oxford." 



In the 14th century lived JOHN OP BEVKRI.EY, the Carmelite monk. 

 He was a doctor and professor of divinity at the university of o 

 and wrote, 1, ' Questiones in Magistrum Sententiorum ;' 2, ' Diiputv 

 tiones Onlinariio.' 



BEWICK, THOMAS, justly called the reviver of wood-engraving, 

 was born at Cherryburn, near Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in 1753. II 

 evinced from his infancy an ability to draw, and was accordingly, at 

 the usual age, apprenticed to Ralph Beilby, an engraver of Newcastle, 

 who had some reputation in that town. Dr. (then Mr.) Mutton con- 

 sulted Beilby upon the best method of engraving the diagrams to hia 

 treatise on Mensuration ; the engraver strongly recommended that 

 they should be cut in wood, for various reasons, and by Thomas 

 Bewick. Accordingly, in 1770, the work appeared, with complete 

 success; and was followed by several other mathematical works. 



Bewick now attempted works of much higher pretensions. He 

 designed a set of illustrations to day's Fables, and for one of the 

 cute, the ' Old Hound,' he obtained, in 1775, a premium for the best 

 wood engraving offered by the Society of Arts. The work won pub- 

 lished in 1779. In 1784 Mr. Saint published a set of 'Select F. 

 with cute by Bewick. After these works he commenced, in partner- 

 ship with hii old master Mr. lieilby, to prepare a ' General History of 

 Quadruped*,' which was completed in 17UO, went through aWeral 



