733 



BOCCHERINI, LUIQI. 



BODLEY, SIR THOMAS. 



734 



BOCCHERFNI, LUIGI, was born at Lucca in 1740. His first 

 instructions in music were from the AbW Vannueci, and he subse- 

 quently studied composition generally, and the violoncello particularly, 

 at Rome. Some time afterwards Charles IV. of Spain, a great 

 connoisseur iu music, engaged Boccheriui as court composer, and 

 during many years he lived in the sunshine of royal favour ; but 

 indiscreetly wounding the vanity of the royal dilettante, he was dis- 

 missed from his envied situation. About the same time Lucieu Bona- 

 parte, then ambassador at Madrid, took him under his protection, and 

 settled on him a pension of a thousand crowns, on condition of hia 

 supplying him with six quintets every year. Boccherini continued to 

 reside in the Spanish capital till his death, which took place in 1806. 

 Boccherini produced little besides quintets for two violins, viola, and 

 two violoncellos, which are remarkable for sweetness of harmony, and 

 for gracefulness of melody; and, what renders them unlike all other 

 compositions of the kind, he mo-st commonly assigns the principal 

 part to the first violoncello. Of these be composed no less than 

 ninety three, which have now been superseded by the more elaborate 

 and undoubtedly superior works of the same class by Haydn, Mozart, 

 and Beethoven. 



BOCHART, MATTHIEU, Protestant minister at Alen9on in the 

 1 7th century, published ' Traite* centre les Reliques,' and ' Traite" 

 contre le Sacrifice de la Mease.' Judicial proceedings were com- 

 menced against him for having given in this treatise the forbidden 

 title of pastors to Protestant ministers. He published also ' Dialogue 

 sur lea Difficulties que les Missionaires font aux Protestans de France.' 

 This dialogue on the tolerance of Lutheran errors induced the Elector 

 Palatine to try if he could unite the two reformed churches in 

 Germany, namely, the Lutherans and the Calviuists, and accordingly 

 he advocated their union in the assembly of Protestant princes at 

 Frankfurt. Upon hearing this, Matthieu Boohart published his 

 ' Diailacticon,' that is, ' a conciliatory treatise,' 1662, which he dedicated 

 to the Elector Palatine. It contains the plan of this projected union. 



BOCHART, SAMUEL, of the family De Bochart Champigny, de 

 la branche de Menillet, became by his great learning the most distin- 

 guished member of his illustrious family, although he did not enjoy 

 such splendid titles as many of his relations. He. was born at Rouen 

 in 1599, and was the sou of a Protestant minister. When Samuel 

 Bochart was thirteen years old he composed forty-four Greek verses, 

 and it is said that he read at an early age not merely the Hebrew 

 Bible, but also the rabbinical commentators. Soon afterwards he 

 studied philosophy at Sedan under the professor D. J. Smith, and 

 defended his theses with great applause in 1615. He studied divinity 

 under Came'ro, or Came'ron ; and the Syrian, (Jhaldue, and Arabic 

 under Capel. When Came'ron escaped from the civil commotions to 

 London in 1621, Bochart followed him and attended his private 

 instructions. 



After a short stay in England, Bochart went, towards the close of 

 the year 1621, to Leyden, where he studied Hebrew and Arabic under 

 Thomas Krpenius, and divinity under A. Rivetus, who had married a 

 lister of P. du Moulin. Rivetus dedicated his 'Catholicus Orthodoxus' 

 to Bochart. It is said that Bochart learned the Ethiopia from Job 

 Lu.lolf. 



Having finished his studies at Leyden, Bochart returned home. His 

 father was then dead, but his mother still survived. He was soon 

 invited by the Protestants at Caen to accept amoug them the office of 

 pastor, and he became a zealous and popular preacher, admired even 

 by Roman Catholics. During the siege of Rochelle a number of 

 Roman Catholic controversialists went about iu order to dispute with 

 Protestant ministers, and to entrap them by unguarded expressions. 

 The famous Veron, who had been trained by the Jesuits, and was 

 now travelling through France, urged Bochart to . public disputation, 

 which took place in the castle, in the presence of a large assembly of 

 nobility and gentry, and lasted from the 22nd of September to the 

 3rd of October 1629. Sometimes the Duke of Longueville, viceroy of 

 Normandy, himself attended. In nine sessions Bochart and Veron 

 debated on the accuracy of the French version of the New Testament, 

 the faults of the Vulgate, images, traditions, intercession of the saints, 

 good works, the mass, presbyters, forbidden food, celibacy, certainty of 

 salvation, authority of the Bible, the church, supremacy of St. Peter, 

 power of the pope, the Virgin, saints, relics, frea will, merits, vows, 

 abstinences, justification, purgatory, limbus, prayers for the dead, 

 number of sacraments, eucharist, soquivoca, &c. Veron, observing 

 that Bochart had gained more general approbation than himself, left 

 without having terminated the disputation. Bochart enriched his 

 ' Actes de la Conference tenue a Caen entre Samuel I tochart, et Jean 

 Baillehache, et Francois Verin, et Isaak le Conte,' Sium. 1630, 2 vole. 

 Svo, with several additions from the fathers, which prove that he was 

 well verre<l in this branch of learning. 



Having begun to expound Genesis to his congregation, these popular 

 expositions, which terminate with Gen. xl. l.S, led him to write the 

 following works: 'De Paradiso Terrestri;' Mjeographia Sacra, sou 

 Ph;ilc b ', et Canaan ;' ' Hierozoicon, or the Animals mentioned in the 

 Bible.' If" wrote also some dissertations on tho plants and gems 

 mentioned in the Bible, but of these merely fr.igmenti remain. The 

 ' Phaleg ' and the ' Canaan ' were published in 1046. The approbation 

 with which 'Phaleg' and 'Canaan' were received by the 1 arned 

 induced Bochart to bestow all his energy upon the ' Hierozoicon,' but 



two circumstances occasioned delay. Dr. Morley, then chaplain to 

 King Charles II. of England, prevailed on Bochart to write a letter on 

 episcopacy and presbyterianism, in order to pacify the minds of the 

 English about the time of the Convention of Breda ; and iu 1652 

 Bochart. was invited by an autograph letter of Christina, queen of 

 Sweden, to come to Stockholm, where she had surrounded herself with 

 learned men. Bochart was accompanied to Stockholm by Huetius, or 

 Huet. They visited on their journey through Holland the learned of 

 those days, as Heinsius at Leyden, and the famous Anna Maria a 

 Schurmann, then at Utrecht. They passed through Hamburg and 

 Copenhagen to Stockholm, where they were well received by the 

 queen, but Bochart was much annoyed by the levity of the courtiers. 

 He returned in 1653 to Caen, where he was welcomed by the members 

 of the academy which had been founded during his absence, and of 

 which he became one of the most distinguished members. In the 

 Royal Library at Stockholm he had found many oriental sources of 

 information for his ' Hierozoicon,' and he induced his young companion 

 Huet to employ his leisure in editing the ' Commentaries of Origeu' 

 from a codex in the royal library at Stockholm. In 1661, having come 

 to an agreement with a London bookseller for the ' Hierozoicou,' which 

 is the best of his works, he obtained the assistance of Stephanus Morinus 

 in his ministerial functions, in order that he might devote his time 

 to the completion of it. Morinus was afterwards his biographer, and 

 it is from his treatise ' De clarissiino Bocliarto et omnibus ejus Scriptis,' 

 that we derive our information, Bochart died suddenly of apoplexy 

 on the 16th of May 1661, whilst speaking in an assembly of the 

 academicians at C;ien. 



Bochart' s works have been edited at Leyden by Johannes Leusden 

 and Petrus de Villemandy, ' Opera omnia, hoc est, Phaleg, Chanaau, 

 et Hierozoicon, quibus accesseruut Dissertatioues Varue, &c. Pno- 

 mittitur Vita Auctoris a Stephano Morino scripta, editio quart), 1712.' 

 This edition is the best of the complete works, but the ' Hierozoicon ' 

 has been published by F. C. Rosenmuller, Lips., 1793-96, in 3 vols. 4to, 

 with additions from modern travellers. 



(Dictionaries of Moreri and Bayle ; Morinus, Vita ; Pet Dan. Huetii, 

 Episcopi Abrincensit Commentarius de Rebus, <fec.) 



BODLEY, SIR THOMAS, from whom the Bodleian or public 

 library at Oxford takes its name, was the eldest son of Mr. John 

 Bodley of Exeter, by Joan, daughter and heiress of Robert Home, 

 Esq., of Otter/ St. Mary. He was born at Exeter, March 2nd, 1544. 

 He was about twelve years of age when his father, being obliged to 

 leave England on account of religion, settled with his family at Geneva, 

 where he lived a voluntary exile during the reign of Queen Mary. 

 In the university of Geneva, then newly erected, young Mr. Bodley 

 applied himself to the study of the learned languages and divinity 

 under the most eminent professors. He frequented the public lectures 

 of Chevalerius on the Hebrew tongue, of Beroaldus on the Greek, and 

 of Calvin and Beza on divinity, and had also domestic teachsrs in the 

 house of Philibertus Saracenus, a physician of that city, with whom 

 he boarded, where Robert Constantino, author of the Greek Lexicon, 

 read Homer to him. Upon the accession of Queen Elizabeth, iu 1558, 

 he returned to England with his father and family, who settled in 

 London. He was soon after sent to Magdalen College, Oxford, where 

 he was placed under the tuition of Dr. Humphrey, afterwards presi- 

 dent of that society. In 1563 he took the degree of B.A., was chosen 

 probationer of Merton College the same year, and the year following 

 was admitted fellow. In 1566 he took the degree of M.A., and in the 

 same year read natural philosophy iu the public schools. In 1569 ha 

 was elected one of the proctors of the university, and after that, for 

 a considerable time, supplied the place of university orator. In 1576, 

 being desirous to improve himself in the modern languages, and to 

 qualify limself for public business, he began his travels, and passed 

 nearly four years in visiting France, Germany, and Italy. Afterwards, 

 returning to his college, he applied himself to the study of history 

 and politics. In 1583 he was made gentleman usher to Queeu 

 Elizabeth, and in 1585 married Anne, daughter of Mr. Carew of 

 Bristol, and widow of Mr. Ball, a lady, as Wood informs us, of con- 

 siderable fortune. Soon after, he was employed by Queen Elizab3th 

 in several embassies to Frederic king of Denmark, Julius duke of 

 Brunswick, William landgrave of Hesse, and other German princes, 

 to engage them to join their forces with those of the English for the 

 assistance of the King of Navarre, afterwards Henry IV. of France; 

 and having discharged that commission, he was sent to king Henry III., 

 at the time when that prince was forced by the Duke of Guise to quit 

 Paris. This commission, he himself tell us, he performed with 

 extraordinary secrecy, not being accompanied by any one servant (for 

 so he was commanded), nor with any other letters than such as were 

 written with the queen's own hand to the king, aud some select persons 

 about him. " The effect," he continues, " of that message it is fit I 

 should conceal ; but it tended greatly to the advantage of all the 

 Protestants iu France, and to the duke's apparent overtnrow, which 

 followed soon upon it." In 1588 Mr. Bodley was sent to tue Hague 

 to manage tho queen's affairs in the United Provinces, where, accord- 

 ing to an agreement between the queen and the States, he was 

 I admitted one of the Council of State, and took his place next to 

 Count Maurice, giving his vote iu every proposition made to that 

 assembly. In this station he behaved greatly to the satisfaction of 

 his royal mistress and the advancement of the public service. 



