til 



BONAPARTE, LUCIEN. 



BONAPARTE, LUCIEN. 



811 



WM forty years of sge. Hi* figure wu graceful, and hit nuumen 

 elegant. He WM food of women, of the fine arts, and of literature. 

 Ilia conversation WM fluent and methodical, and abounded witli ju li- 

 ion* remark.." AfUr the battle of Vittoria (Juue 1813), where he 

 narrowly escaped being taken prisoner by the Engliih, he withdrew to 

 France. In January 1814, whan Napoleou Ml off fur the unity, he 

 appointed Jo<ph lieutenant-general of the empire, and placed him al 

 the head of the council of regency which WM to assUt the empress- 

 regrut Napoleon wrote to him from Kbeims on the liith March, thai 

 in cae the enemy abould advance in iireautible force, he taunt Bend 

 off toward* the Loire the empren and her ton, the great dignitaries, 

 the ministers, and all the head* of the administration. " Do not leave 

 my ton for a moment," added he j "I should prefer hearing that he 

 wu at the bottom of the Seine rather than in the hand* of the enemies 

 of France." Accordingly when the great army under Schwanenberg 

 arrived before Paris on the 24th of the same month, Joseph sent off 

 the empress and her ion to Bloia. After the battle of the 30th, in 

 which the troops ouUide of Paris were driven in by the allies, Mar- 

 mont told Joseph that be could no longer defend the capital, and 

 Joseph authorised him to treat for a suspension of arms for a few 

 boars in order to arrange the terms of a capitulation. Joseph then 

 rejoined the empress at Blois. After Napoleon's abdication, Joseph 

 and his brother Jerome thought of removing the empress and the 

 ngrncy to the seutb of France, but the empress refused, and was sup- 

 ported in her refusal by the members of the household. Soon after, 

 the empires rejoined her father Francis of Austria, the regency wag 

 dissolved, and Joseph set out fur Switswland, where he purchased the 

 estate of Prangin, near Nyon, on the banks of the Lake Leman. 

 From thence he corresponded with his brother at Elba, and with 

 .M unit at Naples, who bad become restless under his engagements with 

 Austria; and he is said to have given Hunt the advice of declaring 

 against Austria in 1815, so M to make a diversion in favour of Napo- 

 leon a diversion which proved of no use to Napoleon and was fata] 

 to Hunt. Napoleou having returned to Paris in March 1815, Joseph 

 rejoined him there, and took his seat in the House of Peers. 



After the return of Napoleon from bis defeat at Waterloo and bis 

 second abdication, Joseph embarked for the United States, after 

 having a Isst interview with hia brother at the lie d'Aix. He wss well 

 received in the United States, and after a time he fixed his residence 

 on the banks of the Delaware, near Philadelphia, where he purchased 

 an estate. He assumed the title of Count de Survilliers, and lived in 

 a style of affluence, affording employment to many of the labouring 

 population, and hospitality to the French emigrants who resorted to 

 America. His wife remained in Europe with her two daughters, and 

 rklsd at Brussels and afterwards at Florence. When the Paris 

 revolution of 1830 became known in America, Joseph wrote a long 

 letter or address to the House of Deputies, in which he put forth the 

 claims of his nephew, the present emperor. The letter was not read 

 to the chamber. He came himself to England soon after, and resided 

 some time in this country, and at last repaired to Italy, where he died 

 at Florence, in July 1844. He WM buried in the vaults of the church 

 of SanU Croce. Joeeph Bonaparte wu a man of considerable intel- 

 Ujanoe and of good intentions, but he wu too feeble of purpose to 

 resist the imperious will of bis brother, and wu of course wholly 

 unfitted to sot independently in the elevated positions to which he 

 wu raised. 



(A. du Cases, ilfmoirti tt Corrtipoitdanct du Roi Jotepk, Ac., or the 

 English selection from that work, noticed under BOMAPABTB, NAFO- 

 LKO I. ; Abel Hugo, Prtcit liutorvjm fat Sfintmau ovi ont conduit 

 Jattpk Xapolto* rar U Trtiu dStpaynt ; Botta, Nona d~ Italia; Coppi, 

 Ammalt J Italia; ColletU, Storia del Jttame diftapoli; Thibaudeau, 

 Lt Ua*nlat tt CUmptrt; Thien, Southey, Ac.) 



r.' BOJCAFABTI, the third eon of Charles and Letisia lions- 

 parto, Napoleon being the second, wu born at Ajaccio iu 1775. He 

 emigrated to HwMiUe with the rest of the family in 1793. He 

 entered warmly into the revolutionary notions of that period, and 

 made speeches at various clubs, and wrote pamphlets on liberty and 

 equality. Soon aftrr, be obtained employment in the commissariat at 

 St. Maximin.a small town of Provence, where bo married the daughter 

 of an innkeeper. Being one of the republican municipality of that 

 place, be exerted himself laudably, and at his own imminent peril, to 

 save several unfortunate individual* accused of royalism, whom an 

 agent of Barns and Fnron, the terrorist commissioners in the south 

 of France, wanted to remove to the prisons of Orange, where the 

 guillotine wu in constant activity. By showing a bold front to the 

 gent, whom Lnden charged with informality in his commission, he 

 detained the intruded victims under arrest at St. Maximin, until the 

 fall of Robespierre put a stop to the reign of terror. In the reaction 

 however which took place in the south of France, Lucien wu arrested 

 as a Jacobin, oo account of his speeches; and a royalist whom be had 

 saved proved most hostile against him. He wss however liberated 

 afUr a time. In 1796 Lucien wu appointed commissary at war, 

 probably through the influence of bis brother, General Bonaparte. In 

 th following year be wu elected deputy to the Council of the Five 

 Hundred, and he went to reside at Paris, where he took a house, of 

 which Ue sister, Kliia Badoeohi, did the honours. His drawing- 

 room wms resorted to by several men of not* and of literary acquire- 

 eats. Laden took the opposition side in the council, and allied 



himself to Sieyes and his party, who wished to try their hands at a 

 new constitution. While Napoleon WM in Egypt, Lucim wroU to 

 him, complaining of the incapacity and misgovernment of the Execu- 

 tive Directory, and urging him to return to France, but the letters an 

 aid to have been intercepted by the Kuglish cruisers. 



After Napoleon's return, in October 1799, Lucien, who wu the 

 president of the council, became the active leader of those who i-h. d 

 to overturn the Directory. In the stormy sitting of the 19th liru- 

 maire [BOHAPABTK, NAI-OLEOH I.] he resisted the motion made by 

 several members to outlaw Oeneial Bonaparte, and M the oonfusiou 

 and uproar increased in the hall, be left the chair, and addressing his 

 brother's soldiers outside, told them to march in and drive away the 

 factious men who were no longer the representatives of France. After 

 the accomplishment of that revolution, in which he rendered most 

 material assistance to bis brother, he wu one of the members of the 

 commission which framed the new or Consular constitution. Soon 

 after he was appointed minister of the interior, but remained in office 

 only a short time, having had some disagreement with his brother 

 upon matters of administration ; and in October 1800, after the cam- 

 paign of Mareugo, Napoleon sent him ambassador to Spain. His 

 mission proved successful ; ho managed to ingratiate himself with 

 Charles IV. and the favourite Oodoy, and to re-establish French 

 influence in Spain. He induced the weak Spanish government to join 

 France in an attack upon Portugal, which ended by the latter country 

 being obliged to sue for peace, for which it paid dearly. He aUo com* 

 pletad the arrangements concerning the new kingdom' of Etruria, to 

 be given to the young infante, sou of the Duke of Parma, who had 

 married a Spanish princess, in exchange for which Spain ceded to 

 France her rights upon Parma and Piaceuia. The cessiou of Louisiana 

 to Franoe wu likewise, continued. Having concluded these nego- 

 ciations, Lucien returned to Paris in 1802. He- wu made a member 

 of the Tribunate, and u such he supported with all hia eloquence the 

 concordat with the pope, and also the institution of the Legion of 

 Honour. Lucien wu made a senator, and his brother gave lam the 

 seuatorship or living of Sopelsdorf, an estate of the former elector of 

 Treves. His wife being dead, Lucien married, in 1808, Madame 

 Jouberthou, the widow of a stockbroker, who had di>-d at St. 

 Domingo. Napoleon disapproved of this marriage, u he had disap- 

 proved of the marriage of Jerome, because he looked forward to i..i:.l 

 alliances for his brothers. Lucieu however supported the project of 

 making his brother consul for life ; but he says in his memoirs that 

 he wished to have stopped there, and that he opposed from the first 

 the idea of establishing an hereditary dynasty. \Vben he saw his 

 brother determined on asaumiug the imperial crown, he left France iu 

 the spring of 1804 and went to Italy. Thibaudeau and others say 

 that the two brothers quarrelled on other grounds ; about Lucien's 

 marriage iu particular. Lucieu accuses Fouchc 1 of having, by his 

 iuaidious reports, contributed to alienate him from his brother. The 

 Senatus Consultuui, which fixed the hereditary succession in Napo- 

 leon's family, named his brothers Joseph and Louis oa eventual heirs 

 to the throne, but made no mention of either Lucien or Jerome. 

 Lucien, after a time, fixed his residence at Rome, where ho was very 

 kindly received by Pope Pius V1L He took a large house, and lived 

 iu a style of affluence. Being fond of literature and the line arts, his 

 house wu much frequented. After the peace of Tilsit, Napoleon 

 repaired to North Italy at the end of 1807, and sent for his brother 

 Lucien to meet him at Mantua. The two brothers had there a con- 

 ference, iu which it seems that Napoleon offered to give Lucieu a 

 kingdom in Italy, at the same time telling him plainly that iu nuch 

 case he must be prepared to obey all bis orders concerning the internal 

 u well u the external policy of his administration. Lucian declined 

 accepting a crown on those terms, and said that he preferred to remain 

 iu a private station. "Be it so," Napoleon replied; "you cannot have 

 henceforth any ground of complaint against me." Hut ho added in 

 parting, that u Lucien would not fall iu with his system of politics, 

 he must prepare to quit the continent, where his silent opposition 

 could no longer be tolerated. (' Kcpouse do Lucieu Bonaparte aux 

 Miimoires du U<Sucral Lamarque.') 



Lucien returned to Rome, where he purchased the estate of Canino, 

 in the province of Viterbo, near the borders of Tuscany. 1'opo 

 Pius VII. created him Prince of Canino and Musiguano in 



S<mn after Napoleon began a course of vexatious proceedings towards 

 the court of Home, which ended in the arrest of the pope, and the 

 seizure of his dominions. When the French took possession of Homo 

 in 1809, Lucien, who bad expressed himself very freely against this 

 part of his brother's policy, wu advised to leave that city, and he 

 retired to his country estate. In 1810 he resolved to go to the 

 United States. With this view ho embarked on board a vessel at 

 Civitavecchia, but wu seized by an English cruiser and carried to 

 Malta, where after a time he obtained permission from the Hritish 

 government to reside in England under surveillance. Ludlow Castle 

 was fixed upon u his residence. Some time after, he removed to a 

 place in the neighbourhood, where he remained till the eud of the 

 war, and employed himself in writing his poem of ' Charlemagne.' 

 After the peace of 1814 he returned to Rome, where he published his 

 poem of ' Charlemagne,' which he dedicated to Pope Pius. When 

 Napoleon returned to France from Elba, in 1816, Lucien repaired to 

 Paris for the purpose, u it said, of obtaining his brothers favour 



