887 



BRADY, NICOLAS. 



BRAHK, TYCHO. 



898 



Bradshaw obtained a seat in the Council of State, was elected Lord 

 President, and appointed a Commissioner of the Great Seal ; but his 

 health, which had been some time declining, became so precarious that 

 he was unable to perform the duties of that office. 



The last act of Bradshaw's life was consistent with the spirit which 

 he had always shown. The army had again put a force upon the 

 House of Commons, by seizing the Speaker, Lenthall, on his way 

 thither, and thereby suspending all further proceedings of the existing 

 government The almost expiring but unsubdued spirit of Bradshaw 

 felt the insult. He repaired to the Council of State, which sat that 

 day; and when Colonel Sydeuham, one of the members of the 

 council, endeavoured to justify the army in what they had done, and 

 concluded his speech by saying, according to the caut of the day, 

 that they were necessitated to make use of this last remedy by 

 "particular call of the Divine Providence;" "weak and extenuated 

 as he was," says Ludlow, "yet animated by his ardent zeal, and 

 constant affection to the common cause, he stood up, and interrupting 

 him, declared his abhorrence of that detestable action ; and telling the 

 council, that being now going to his God, he had not patience to sit 

 there to hear his great name so openly blasphemed." He then 

 abruptly left the council, and withdrew from public employment. 

 He survived this but a few days, dyin? November 22nd 1659 of a 

 quartan ague, which had lasted a year. He was buried with great pomp 

 in Westminster Abbey, whence his body was dragged at the restora- 

 tion, to be exposed upon a gibbet, with those of Cromwell and Ireton. 



BRADY, NICOLAS, a divine whose name is known chiefly in con- 

 nec> ion with that of Nathan Tate, his versifying collaborator in pro- 

 ducing the new version of the Psalms of David, which has since 

 become generally used in the Church of England, in the place of the 

 obsolete version made in the reign of Edward VI. by Sternhold and 

 Hopkins. Brady was the son of an officer in the royalist army during 

 the i -il war, and was born October the 28tb, 1659, at Bandou, a 

 town in the county of Cork, Ireland. At the age of t A elve he was 

 sent to Westminster school, whence he proceeded to the college of 

 Christ-Church, Oxford. He subsequently graduated at Trinity Col- 

 lege, Dublin; which, in testimony of his zeal and assiduity in the 

 Protestant cause, conferred upon him gratuitously, during his absence 

 in England, the degree of D.D. Ho was appointed chaplain to Bishop 

 Wetteuhull, by whose patronage he obtained a prebend in the cathe- 

 dral of Cork. At the time of the Revolution he made himself con- 

 spicuous among the most active partisans of the Prince of Orange, 

 and on three occasions prevented the execution of King James's 

 orders to destroy with fire and sword the town of Bandou, his native 

 place. On the establishment of the new dynasty of William and 

 Mary, he was deputed by his fellow-townsmen to present to the 

 English parliament a petition for redress of the grievances which they 

 had suffered under James; and remaining in London, he became 

 minister of the church of St. Catherine Cree, and lecturer of St. 

 Michael's in Wood-street. He was afterwards appointed chaplain, 

 first to the Duke of Ormond, then to King William and Queen Mary. 

 Ho held also the office of minister at Richmond in Surrey, aud at 

 Stratford-on-Avon in Warwickshire, From his several appointments 

 alone he derived at least 6002. a year ; but being a bad economist, he 

 was obliged, for the purpose of increasing his income, to undertake 

 the keeping of a school at Richmond. He died at the age of sixty- 

 six, on the 20th of May 1726 : the same year in which he published 

 by subscription his 'Translation of the J5neid of Virgil," in 4 vols. 

 8vo, which is now almost entirely unknown. Among several of his 

 smaller productions is a tragedy, entitled ' The Rape, or the Innocent 

 Impostors." He published at different times three volumes of his 

 sermons, of which three additional volumes were published after his 

 death by his son ; but the reputation of Dr. Brady rests solely upon 

 his share in the new metrical version of the Psalms ; of the merits or 

 demerits of which every one who possesses a Prayer Book may judge 

 for himself. 



BRAGANCA, HOUSE OF, is the original title of the reigning 

 dynasty of the kingdom of Portugal. The origin of the Braganja 

 family dates from the beginning of the 15th century, when Affbnso, a 

 natural son of King Jo5o, or John I., was created by his father Duke 

 of Bragana and Lord of Guimaraens. Affonso married Beatrix, the 

 daughter and heiress of Nuno Alvarez Pereira, count of Barcellos and 

 Ourem. From this marriage the line of the dukes of Bragan5a, mar- 

 quises of Villavi9osa, 4c., has sprung. By the fundamental laws of 

 (be Portuguese monarchy, passed in the Cortes of Lamego in 1139, 

 all foreign princes are excluded from the succession, and the conse- 

 quence has been that, in default of legitimate heirs, the illegitimate 

 issue of the royal blood has been repeatedly called to the throne. 

 When the line of the Portuguese kings became extinct by the death of 

 King Sebastian in Africa, 1578, and by that of his successor Cardinal 

 Henrique, 1580, both dying without issue, Antonio Prior of Crato, 

 and natural eon of the Infante Dom Luiz, Henrique's brother, claimed 

 the succession, but Philip IL of Spain, whose mother was a Portu- 

 guese princess, urged his own pretensions to the crown of Portugal in 

 despite of the laws of Lamego, aud he enforced his claim by means 

 of an army commanded by the Duke of Alba. [ANTONIO; ALBA.] 

 The Portuguese submitted, Antonio died an exile, and Philip and his 

 successors on the throne of Spain continued to hold the crown of 

 Portugal also till 1640, when the Portuguese, weary of the Spanish 



BIOO. Drv. VOL. i. 



yoke, revolted and proclaimed Dom Joao, the then duke of Braganca, 

 their king, he beiug the next remaining heir to the crown. He 

 assumed the title of Joio IV., and was styled ' the fortunate.' The 

 crown of Portugal has continued in his line ever since. John IV. 

 was succeeded by his son Affonso Henrique, who, beiug dethroned in 

 1668 for his misconduct, his brother Pedro assumed the crown. 

 Pedro was succeeded in 1706 by his son JoSo V., who, dying in 1750, 

 the crown devolved upon his son Joseph I. Joseph was succeeded 

 in 1777 by his daughter Donna Maria I., who afterwards becoming 

 insane, her son Dom JoSo was made prince regent in 1792, and at the 

 death of his mother in 1816 he assumed the title of King Joao VI. 

 He married a Spanish princess, by whom he had two sons, Pedro and 

 Miguel, and several daughters. In 1822 his eldest son Pedro was 

 proclaimed Constitutional Emperor of Brazil, which became thereby 

 independent of Portugal. In 1826 King John VI. died at Lisbon, 

 and his son Dom Pedro being considered as a foreign sovereign, Dom 

 Pedro's infant daughter, Donna Maria II., was proclaimed Queen of 

 Portugal. Dom Pedro died in September 1834 at Lisbon. His son 

 Pedro II. is now (1856) emperor of Brazil. On the death of Donna 

 Maria II., November 15, 1853, her sou Dom Pedro V. succeeded to 

 the throne of Portugal. 



BRAHE, TYCHO. The influence which the labours of thi* great 

 reviver of correct astronomy exercised upon the science of his own 

 and succeeding ages, would justify a more minute detail of his life 

 than we can here give. It will be convenient to place all references 

 at the beginning of this article, which we shall accordingly do. [See 

 also general references in ASTRONOMY, in ARTS AND So. Div.] 



The life of Tycho Brane" was written by Gasseudi; first edition, 

 Parisiis, 1654, with copperplate crown in the title-page; second edition 

 with two title-pages, both ' Hagre Coniituui,' the first, 1665, marked 

 'Editio secuuda auctior et correctior,' the second, 1664, without any 

 mark of second edition, and with an empty space for the crown. The 

 two editions do not appear different in matter. Both contain the 

 ' Oratio Funebris," &<x, of John Jessenius. See also Teissier, ' Eloges 

 des Houimes savans," iv. 383; Blount, ' Censura," &c. ; 'Epistolso ad 

 Johaunem Keplerum," &c., 1718 ; Riccioli, ' Chrouicon in Almagesto 

 Novo,' v. i., p. 46. For modern accounts of his astronomy see Delaiubro 

 ' Ast. Mod. ;' aud in English the chapter on Tycho Brahe" and Kepler 

 in Narrien's 'Account of the Progress of Astronomy," 1833; and 

 Grant, ' History of Physical Astronomy." The life in the ' Biog. Univ.' 

 is by Malte-Brun. The writings of Tycho Brahd are as follows. The 

 capitals serve to separate different works : 



(A) ' De Nova Stella," anno 1572, &c. ; ' Hafnise" (Copenhagen), 1573. 

 Extremely scarce, afterwards inserted in the ' Progymnasmata : ' 

 English translation, 1582 (copy in the Bodleian, Hyde, cited by 

 Lalande). (B) 'Da Mundi JEiherei receutioribus Phenomeuis liber 

 secundus, qui est de Illustri Stella CauJatu, anno 1577, conspecta 

 1588"(?). Is Lalande correct, 'Bibl.,' 119? We have a copy answering in 

 all respects to his description, but with title marked Prague, 1603 ; we 

 cannot find 1588 at the end, as he says. The statement in the preface 

 is not the same as he gives, but the point is of little importance. 

 (C) 'Apologetica Responsio,' &c., Uraniburg, 1591, an answer to an 

 unknown opponent on the parallax of comets. (D) ' Epistolarum 

 astronomicarum libri," Uraniburg, 1596 ; some have on the title-page 

 Frankfort, 1610 others Nuremberg, 1601. (E) ' Astronomic Instau- 

 ratse Mechanica," Waudesburg, 1598, reprint, Nuremberg, 1602 ; plates 

 only reprinted in 'Mem. Acad. Sci.,' 1763. (F) ' Astrouomise Instau- 

 ratso Progymuasmata," begun at Uraniberg, finished at Prague, 1601 

 (in the title-page) published posthumously : the executor's preface is 

 dated 1602. It contains the great mass of Tycho Brahe's results of 

 observation, though headed from beginniug to end ' De Nov& Stella, 

 anui 1572." The treatise (B) with title-page, Prague, 1603, is always 

 called and sold as the second volume of these ' Progymnasmata,' and 

 though it treats of various other matters is headed throughout as 

 'De Cometd anni 1577." And (D) is very often made a third volume. 

 The same works (all three) with alteration of title-page only, Frankfort, 

 1610. (G) In the 'Coali et Siderum, &c. Observationes,' &c., Leyden, 

 1618, are two years' Bohemian observations of Tycho Brand. (H) ' De 

 Disciplinis mathematicis Oratio in qua Astrologia defenditur,' an 

 academical lecture of 1574, printed, not by Tycho, but by Curtius, 

 Hamburg, 1621. (I) ' Geistreiche Weissaung,' &c., 1632; translation 

 of (A) with the astrological part, omitted in (F), date 1632, no place 

 mentioned by Lalande. (K) 'Opera Omnia,' Frankfort, 1648, reprint 

 of the two first in (F). (L) Lucii Barretti 'Sylloge Ferdinaudea,' 

 Vienna, 1657, contains Tycho's observations, 1582-1601. (M) 'Historia 

 Coslesth,' Augsburg, 1666, by this same Barrettus, contains all Tycho's 

 observations. Other title-pages 'Aug. Vind.,' 1668, Ratisb., 1672, 

 Diling., 1675. Errors pointed out in Bartholinus ' Specimen recogui- 

 tionis," &c., Copenh., 1668. (N) Kepler, 'Tabula; Rudol|)hinte,' Ulm, 

 1627. These are the final tables deduced from all Tycho's observa- 

 tions. There is either an original life of Tycho, or a translation of 

 Gassendi, in Danish, translated into German by Weistriss, Leipzig, 

 1756. Tycho Brahe' printed his works at his own press of Uraniburg, 

 EO long as he remained there, and probably distributed them princi- 

 pally in presents. When they became dispersed, the booksellers varied 

 the title-pages, and hence all the confusion of the preceding list. We 

 suppose those marked (F) were put together after the Frankfort 

 reprint (K), to look like them, if indeed that be a reprint. 



3 M 



