BBOTIEK, OABRIEU 



BROUGHAM, LORD. 



Emperor of Germany, the former to be retaken by the French, the 

 Utter to be plundered Mid altuoat destroyed. The emperor WM to 

 be driven to nuke peace with the vietorloo* French, and then quarrel 

 with thr Kn.-U.h. This prediction WM literally fulfilled : he nude 

 pee* with Frauw, December 2, 18U5. and in 1808 deehuvd war again* 

 KegUnrt. After which, according to Brother*, he wai to *eit ou 

 Hanovvr, and subdue Germany entirely. An army WM to be over- 

 thrown in Italy, which happened in 180SL Pruasia was to acknow- 

 ledge the Freuch Republic ami make peace with it, which took place 

 April 1795, then to extend iU dominion*, and afterward* the king's 

 life to be taken and the monaroby for ever destroyed by Russia and 

 Austria. The Ruanan army (or beer), a* if impatient fur iU food, 

 WM " lo rite and devour much flesh ; " to enter Turkey and com para- 

 Urely overrun Uie lauti, tearing down and devouring with great fury 

 all opposition. "At the capital it etops : here are it* decreed limit*, 

 no farther it mutt go. Here the Ruetian general divide* the ipoil of 

 many cilie* with hi* army and the rich province! of Turkey between 

 hi* officer*. Here be despises the oath of fidelity, and throw* away 

 the *nbmiaiiott of a subject, proclaiming himself Emperor of Greece. ' 

 Ru**ia WM to be divtroyod by Sweden the Spanish monarchy to bc> 

 destroyed and the Stadtholderhip of Holland to be out off clo*e to 

 the ground, which office in lea* than a year WM actually abolished. 

 The Popedom WM to be destroyed: An earthquake to swallow the 

 parliament when sitting, and great part of London : America to go 

 to war with England : France to lose her West Indian island*, lie. 



In the notice* which we have Been of Brother* in the biographic*, 

 it i* stated that the government at length interfered, and treating him 

 M a daugerou* and uiisohievoui lunatic, caused him to be placed in 

 Bedlam, where he was confined during the remainder of hi* life. In 

 the majority of the account* the date of hit death is not mentioned, 

 but in one at least he is stated to have died at Bedlam in 1830. 



Thi* statement mult however be incorrect. A zealous disciple of 

 Richard Brother* named John KiiUayaou, printed in the ' Age of the 

 World 2519, Christian era 1840,' a book more strange if possible than 

 any of Brothers'* own, entitled ' The Last Trumpet and the Flying 

 Angel through the midst of Heaven proclaiming the Divine and True 

 System of the Univene a* it is; as given by God to the late Mr. 

 Richard Brothers, and also to Myself,' tLo. In the iniil.it of this iuco- 

 bereut production between an account of the immovable earth and 

 the moveabla *un, the planet*, and the stars in the whole of the 

 heaven* (which star* "ara oval-shaped, immense masses of frozen 

 waters from ten to thirty mile* in diameter, with their largest ends 

 foremost to assist their velocity and to keep them in their respective 

 courses from east to west round the axle of the heavens and that of 

 refixed earth "), and the seven seals and angels of the Revelations, is 

 oddly enough inserted an account of the release of Brothers from the 

 lunatic asylum, and of his death, BO precise in statement, M to pre- 

 clude the probability of error. His release took place April 14, 1806, 

 the order being given by Lord Chancellor Krakine to Mr. FiuUygun. 

 who at onoe procee led to the asylum and brought Brothers away 

 with him. The death of Brothers occurred in 1824 in Finlaysou'a 

 boose, where he had been residing for the last nine yean. 



They bad been applying to Lord Chancellor Eldou for a restoration 

 of Brother*' t half-pur, or a pension which he had been for some time 

 paid, but which had been withheld. "Ou Sunday the 25th of January 

 say* Fiulaysou, " be said to me, ' We must now be done with 

 chancery, and 1 must write to it, that he was seized with the cholera 

 morbus and hectic fever.' . . . He then desired me to shut the door 

 and open tho window, and while holding his right baud in my right 

 hand, be asked me if my (word aud hammer were ready .' and on my 

 instantly answering in the affirmative he seemed pleated, aud in a few 

 minutes breathed his hut, no one being present but myself:" aud he 

 go** on to say that he had Brother* buried in St. John's Wood 

 burying Kfouinl, " and caused a large flat stone to be placed over his 

 grave, with hi and my name on it. ' Fiulaysou went on teaching and 

 publishing the doctrine* of Brothers, notwithstanding the prophet's 

 death, and he tells us that a* late M 1848, ''God gave me a dream 

 and a vision of Mr. Brothers, who told me that he approved of all 1 

 had done, and lifting bis two hands high over hi* head, he rejoiced 

 mightily at all I had written and published." Finlayson printed 

 MV*nl (ingle leaf tract* in 1850, and these are the hut publications 

 of the school of Brother* which we have seen, but we have reason to 

 believe that there it yet to be found here and there a firm, believer 

 that the prediction of the 'revealed knowledge' will in due time a,l 

 be accomplished. 



BROT1ER, GABRIEL, WM born at Tannay in tho Niveruoi*. on 

 the 5th of September, 1723, and received the appointment of librarian 

 of the college of Louis le Grand from tho Jesuit* among whom he was 

 educated. On the iiippreesion of that order he lived in privacy, and 

 devoted himself to literature. In 1781 he WM elected member of the 

 Academy, and died in Parit on the 12th of February, 178V. Hit 

 original work* hardly deserve notice, aud it i* upon his edition* of 

 Tacitus that hi* reputation i* chiefly founded. The Paris editions, 

 4 vol*. 4to, 1771, and 7 voU. 12mo, 1776, differ considerably from each 

 other, but in the English edition* the two are incorporated. Brotier 

 ptiblubed also an edition of Pliny's Natural History ' in 6 vols. 12mo, 

 1 771*. the ' Fable* of Phaxlrut,' 1783, and Amyot's translation of ' Plu- 

 tarch's Live*,' in 22 voU. 1788, revised and rtpubUahed in 25 vols. 1801. 



BROUGHAM, HENRY, LORD, WM born in St. Andrew's Square. 

 Edinburgh, ou the 19th of September, 1779. His father, ll.-nry 

 Brougham, Esq. of Scale* Hall, Cumberland, and Brougham Hall, 

 Westmoreland, WM descended from tho ancient family of the 

 Broughams or l)e Burghauia. He married Elnanor Syme, eldest 

 daughter of the Rev. Dr. James Syme, one of the clergymen of 

 Edinburgh, and niece, through her mother, of RoberUou the 

 historian. Of six children by this marriage five son* and ono 

 daughter Henry was the eldest. (Two of the other sons, Jame* aud 

 William, were member* of parliament, aud took some part in public 

 life during the brilliant career of their brother.) The family aeeui* 

 to have resided fo'r the most part in Edinburgh, though sometime* at 

 Brougham Hall, where Dr. RoberUou visited them occasionally, and 

 used to walk about with hi* grandnepbew. It WM at the famous 

 High School of Edinburgh that Henry Brougham received his earliest 

 rlsssioiil education first under, Mr. Luke Fraser, one of the under- 

 luasten, mentioned by Lord Cockburn in hi* 'Life of Jeffrey,' as 

 having had the distinguished honour of tending forth from three 

 successive classes, three pupils no leu celebrated than Scott, Jeffrey, 

 and Brougham ; and next under the head master or rector. Dr. A. lam, 

 the learned author of the ' Roman Antiquities, and a man of much 

 weight and impresaivenes* of character, whose memory is not yet 

 locally extinct. From the High School, Brougham pasted, at the 

 age of fifteen, to the university Tf Edinburgh, then so illustrious by 

 having such men as Dugald Stewart, Robison, aud Black among its 

 professors, that English youths aud youths from the colonies were 

 sent to it to complete their education. 



From the first distinguished by extraordinary quickness and talent, 

 young Brougham began to attract notice at the university uioro 

 particularly by his fondness for mathematics and physical science. 

 Having, when not more than seventeen, written a paper on the 

 refraction and reflection of light, containing what he considered some 

 original speculations on that subject, he sent it through Sir Charles 

 Blagdeu to the Royal Society, in whose ' Transactions ' it wot ] 

 in tbe year 1796. He followed up this paper by another on the same 

 subject, printed in the 'Transactions for the year 1797; aud in 

 the 'Transaction*' for 1798, there appeared a third paper from his 

 pen, entitled ' General Theorem* : chiefly 1'orisms in the 1 i 

 Geometry.' These papers, though the fact of their author's extreme 

 youth was unknown, attracted some notice among scientific men both 

 at home and abroad. 



Having chosen the Scottish Bar as his profession, and completed 

 his legal studies at Edinburgh, Brougham, after a tour in Prussia and 

 Holland in the company of Mr. Stuart, afterwards Lord Stuart du 

 Uothsay, was admitted a member of the Edinburgh Society of 

 Advocates in 1800. His acquaintance with Homer, Jeffrey, and 

 other rising young men of the Scottish Whig party began about thin 

 time ; and he was one of the most prominent members of the renowned 

 "Speculative Society,." in which these and other Scotchmen, after- 

 wards known to fame in various capacities, first cultivated their 

 habits of extemporaneous debate. Accordingly in 1802, when the 

 ' Edinburgh Review ' was started, Brougham soon became one of the 

 chief contributors. " After the third uuuilwr," says Jeffrey, " he was 

 admitted, aud did more for us than anybody." They were all young 

 men. Allen was thirty-two years of age ; Sidney Smith was thirty- 

 one ; Jeffrey WM twenty-nine ; Thomas Brown, the rneUphy.-iciau, 

 was twenty-four; Horuer was twenty-four; and Brougbuin was 

 twenty-three. Brougham, though the youngest, bod the greatest 

 shore of literary ambition. While writing his first article* for the 

 ' Review,' he was preparing for the press a more elaborate work in 

 bin own name, entitled ' An Enquiry into the Colonial 1'olicy of tin- 

 European power*,' which was published in two volumes at Edinburgh 

 in 1803, aud was considered on extraordinary work for so young a 

 man, both iu respect of knowledge and in respect of boldness of 

 opinion. After this work had been published, he concentrated hia 

 literary efforts on the ' Review.' The early numbers had been to 

 immediately and largely successful that Constable the publisher had 

 cheerfully acquiesced in the proposal that the articles, at first 

 gratuitous, should be paid for at the rate of IU/. a sheet. Of all the. 

 contributors during Jeffrey's long editorship, which began in 1803 

 and closed in 1828, and during which the rate of payment was more 

 than doubled, Brougham was the most industrious aud versatile. 



In 1807, Brougham WM residing in London, where he was qualifying 

 himself for the English bar. The reasons of this change were various. 

 For one thing, M may be learnt from Lord Cockburn's account of the 

 discouragement* under which Scottish Whiggisin then laboured in 

 Edinburgh, uud particularly within the precincts of tbe ' Parliament 

 House ' or Supreme Court* of Law, the prospects of a young Whig 

 lawyer in Scotland cannot have been very brilliant. It is said 

 however that a visit to London in 1807, in order to plead before the 

 House of Lords in a case respecting the succession to the Scottish 

 dukedom of Roxburgh*, wan the immediate cause of his resolution to 

 come permanently to England. At all events, in 1808, when he WM 

 in his twenty-ninth year, he WM called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 

 aud began to practise as an English barrister at the Court of King's 

 Bench aud ou the northern circuit. 



He had brought a high reputation for eloquence and ability with 

 him from Scotland; and it WM not long before he confirmed and 



